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27-612: The Admiralty of Amsterdam was the largest of the five Dutch admiralties at the time of the Dutch Republic . The administration of the various admiralties was strongly influenced by provincial interests. The territory for which Amsterdam was responsible was limited to the city itself, the Gooi region, the islands of Texel , Vlieland and Terschelling , the province of Utrecht and the Gelderland quarters of Arnhem and of

54-470: A student of the architect Jacob van Campen . He became engaged to Petronella Questiés on 21 April 1645, when he was 37 years old. He had a set of his designs engraved by his brother Jan in 1648 for the Amsterdam council, and Justus Danckerts published these in 1688. Thanks to this book, much of his work can be attributed accurately, including some designs that were not executed, such as his maquette for

81-551: A variety of perks and compensations. According to a member from Groningen , commissioning was no "witch-finder's work" and he gladly kept it on. The administrators resided in the Prinsenhof (named the Zeekantoor after 1795) at Amsterdam's Oudezijds Voorburgwal . This former monastery had been used as a fencing school, and after the fire of 1652 as a temporary city hall, before becoming the administrators' office. Whenever

108-489: A wayward role, and this was aggravated when they engaged with Amsterdam in a dispute over the Republic's admiralty administration. The States of Holland (the government of the province of Holland) backed Amsterdam. That there was a need for reorganisation was not contested, Leicester having placed naval and maritime affairs under a single college designed to curb Holland's influence. Hoorn, Enkhuizen and Medemblik rejected

135-912: The Admiralty of Rotterdam , as it was located in the Southern Quarter of Holland. However, on 26 July 1586, the Earl of Leicester (then serving as the Governor-General of the United Provinces of the Netherlands ) reorganised maritime affairs and placed Amsterdam, the Northern Quarter of Holland, and the provinces of Utrecht and Gelderland under a single admiralty based in Hoorn . The region's West Frisian towns played

162-465: The Dutch Revolt . Vingboons had nine brothers and sisters. His brother Johannes Vingboons was a painter and his brother Justus Vingboons also was an architect. Vingboons started his career as a painter in the family business with his father and siblings, where he was educated with cartography , mathematics , architecture , and classics . He later became an architect, and he was possibly

189-647: The Graafschap (county) of Zutphen . Amsterdam had developed into the most important of all the admiralties and often compensated for the other admiralties' deficiencies. When the "Committee for Naval Affairs" ( Comité tot de Zaken der Marine ) replaced the Admiralty Colleges on 27 February 1795 during the reforms by the Batavian Republic , the lower civil servants were kept on, but the officers were dismissed. Initially, Amsterdam fell under

216-657: The States-General of the Netherlands sanctioned the situation as it then was, so that Amsterdam too kept its own admiralty. These measures were intended to have a temporary character, but they remained in force until the end of the Republic in 1795. Under the decisions of 1597, the Admiralty of Amsterdam provided seven commissioned officers, along with four appointed by the States of Holland and three by other provinces. Numbers and proportions later changed, and in 1739

243-506: The "Licenten", which were licenses on the trade with the enemy, which at that time meant Spain. The proceeds were meant to be spent on building and equipping men-of-war. In 1638 it was decided to lease out the proceeds of these Convooien and Licenten. The region of Holland, however, opposed the decision as it meant that authority for the leases came in the hands of private persons and bring them personal gain. Each province exerted itself to trade internally as much as possible, and thus to evade

270-487: The Amsterdam city hall, and the buitenplaats Vredenburch in Beemster . Vingboons died in 1678 and was buried on 10 February 1678 in Amsterdam. In contrast with Jacob van Campen, Vingboons knew how to fit classicism creatively with the typically narrow city houses of Amsterdam. Philips Vingboons is well named as the inventor of the Amsterdam " Halsgevel " (literally neck front) type of facade , since in 1638 he designed

297-520: The Dutch, and this added to the city administration's readiness to have the arsenal built. On 12 August 1655, the admiralty was given the entire western strip of Kattenburg island for the construction of a warehouse and timber-wharf, in exchange for so far enclosed grounds it had occupied in the area. On the night of 5/6 July 1791, the Zeemagazijn went up in flames. It was a spectacular fire, and only

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324-503: The Eastern Islands ( Oostelijke Eilanden ), Kattenburg and Oostenburg. In time of war, over 1000 shipworkers and sailors worked at the admiralty yard. The admiralty rope-works was established at Oostenburg and was approximately 300 meters in length. Because of the ropes laid alongside each other, sometimes at lengths of up to 220 meters, it was called a kuil or net. Old rope was also hung up, to provide oakum for closing up

351-543: The Prince of Orange visited Amsterdam, in his capacity of Admiral-General he resided in the Admiralty building. By law, the grounds were under his jurisdiction, obviating the need for him to be a guest of the city. It was for this reason that the building acquired, and retained, the name of Prinsenhof . In 1656, the Admiralty took over the entire building and renovated it. On its façade is the Hollandic Lion, holding

378-418: The admiralty. Sailors who enlisted were housed and fed by it and had to pay deductions for uniform clothing and equipment. Earnings through plundering or looting dried up in the eighteenth century. Like petty officers and sailors in general, commissioned sea officers were also dependent on their posting, since they received no payment from the admiralty whilst in port. Indeed, even though for officers "meals at

405-562: The arsenal of the Amsterdam Admiralty, built in nine months and containing enormous supplies for the building and equipping of warships. Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse saw, when he was travelling in Holland: "wood, coils of rope of 150 fathoms in length and as thick as a woman's leg, all sorts of sails, bullets, anchors, cannon, muskets and guns, lamps, compasses and hourglasses" . The First Anglo-Dutch War ended infelicitously for

432-406: The authority of the Admiralty of Rotterdam. Like all Dutch admiralties, the Admiralty of Amsterdam were forbidden from using impressment to recruit sailors for their fleets, as this was deemed incompatible with the freedom that was the proclaimed basis of the Republic. A sailor in the fleet received ten or eleven guilders per calendar month. None of the petty officers or men was in bound service to

459-471: The captain's table were ... always free", pay was only thirty guilders for a lieutenant and sixty guilders for a commandeur (i.e. acting captain) commissioned on a ship. It has been rightly observed that their main income was from captured ships . In 1652, after the outbreak of the First Anglo-Dutch War , the Admiralty of Rotterdam hired ships in Amsterdam. The ' s Lands Zeemagazijn was

486-527: The coat of arms of the High College and guarding the Hollandic Yard, the symbol of territorial integrity and security. On the site of the new 1924 development stood a number of fine houses built by Philips Vingboons , previously used by high officials of the Admiralty. The vroedschap commissioned the great poet Vondel to write verses to be recited at the inauguration of the building. To adorn

513-472: The college provided twelve members, six from Holland and one from each of the six other provinces. Seats in the Admiralties in Amsterdam and Rotterdam were held to be especially lucrative. The Committee of the Admiralty of Amsterdam was nearly always filled by former mayors . Pay amounted to 1,000 guilders per annum, and often much more than that. In practice, remunerations could be greatly increased by

540-531: The idea that commissioned officers should be appointed by the States of Holland instead of the cities themselves. As a result, the commissioned officers resolved to remain in Amsterdam. On 28 August 1586, that decision formed the foundation of the Amsterdam Admiralty. The conflict was ended by compromise. In the end, the West Frisian cities gave up their resistance to external appointments, and in 1589 Hoorn instituted its own admiralty college. On 14 June 1597,

567-546: The interior, Ferdinand Bol was commissioned to paint four huge allegorical paintings, for which he was paid 2,000 guilders. In 1632 and in 1636–37, stadholder Frederik Hendrik tried to create more unity in the fight against the Spanish Netherlands . Supervision of the fleet blockading the Dunkirkers was no longer placed in the hands of the five admiralty colleges but given to a central organization, which

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594-736: The main supporting walls remained standing, for after a sack in 1740 extra load-bearing supports had been put in from the outside. The building now houses the Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum . At the Oosterdok wharf is moored a replica of a ship of the Amsterdam Admiralty, the Amsterdam . The admiralty yacht lay in the yacht harbour in the River Amstel . The admiralty's yards were initially at Uilenburg (Amsterdam) , but moved around 1620 to Marken and around 1657 to

621-417: The oldest surviving "Halsgevel" in Amsterdam, at Herengracht 168. Indeed, it is even sometimes called the "Vingboonsgevel" after him. It was widely imitated in the period of Dutch Classicism (1640–1665) on a grand scale. On simpler houses, it appeared as a simple brick pilaster-halsgevel, with a few restrained ornaments - this type is named a "Vingboons-imitatie" (Vingboons-imitation). Another of his designs

648-593: The rules. Earnings could only be maintained through smuggling and the confiscation of smuggled goods, a lesson especially learned by the Admiralty in Amsterdam. On the River Oude Rijn there was an outpost of the Arnhem office of the Amsterdam Admiralty. The Rhine customs officer, however, whose jurisdiction extended as far as Lobith on the border with the Holy Roman Empire (since 1648), was under

675-709: The seams between ships' boards. Dutch admiralties The Dutch Republic had five admiralties: All five admiralties ended in 1795 with the end of the Dutch Republic due to the Batavian Revolution . Philips Vingboons Philips Vingboons was born in circa 1607 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic . His father David Vinckboons was a painter from the Southern Netherlands who had fled from Antwerp to Amsterdam during

702-402: Was Kloveniersburgwal 95, in 1642, one of the most finely proportioned classical-school city-palaces in Amsterdam. Philips Vingboons lived during the high point of Amsterdam's power and wealth, halfway through the 17th century, and became the city's most important architect and designer. He especially designed houses since, as a Catholic, he was passed over for state commissions. In 1648 and 1674

729-526: Was to operate from a single base at Hellevoetsluis by directors specially appointed for the purpose. The object was to increase efficiency, but the system did not work well and Holland, notably Amsterdam unser burgomaster Andries Bicker , put up effective resistance, causing it to be abandoned. The admiralty colleges had first and foremost been entrusted with equipping the Republic's naval fleets. In addition, they had to manage import and export taxes – collecting "Convooien" and "Licenten". Most important were

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