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55-514: The name Gooi is related to gouw , the Dutch word for " gau ", being an old name for a 'region'. The Gooi is conventionally referred to in Dutch as het Gooi or 't Gooi , literally meaning 'the Gooi'. It is also sometimes referred to as " Gooiland ". In English, the area is generally referred to as "Het Gooi" (capital "H") or "the Gooi area". The Gooi is the area around Hilversum in

110-462: A few famous people live in Blaricum. Bussum was founded in about 1000 AD. It remained a farming village until the 19th century. When the railway was laid, a station was built for both Bussum and Naarden, making the area more accessible. Artists settled in the town, including Frederik van Eeden , who started his own " Walden colony" here, and Herman Gorter . In the 20th century it grew rapidly as

165-829: A former or current province . It was used in the Middle Ages , when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire . The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau or Allgäu . The Germanic word is reflected in Gothic gawi (neuter; genitive gaujis ) and early Old High German gewi, gowi (neuter) and in some compound names -gawi as in Gothic (e.g. Durgawi " Canton of Thurgau ", Alpagawi " Allgäu "), later gâi, gôi , and after loss of

220-648: A hundred homesteads each, further divided into vici (villages or farmsteads). Charlemagne , by his capitulary legislation, adopted the comitatus subdivision and appointed local rulers as deputies of the central Imperial authority. In the German-speaking lands of East Francia , the Gau formed the unit of administration of the realm during the 9th and 10th centuries and ruled by a gaugrave ( Gaugraf i.e. "gau count"). Similar to many shires in England, during

275-418: A peak in the 17th century, sand was quarried in the area for the expansion of Amsterdam. As a result a number of waterways were dug in 's-Graveland, Naarden and Bussum. The canal system and the arrival of a canal boat system connecting the area to Amsterdam helped the area to grow further economically. Hilversum developed into a centre for the production of wool and textiles. With the laying of canals, and later

330-534: A residential commuter town. In the 1950s the first public television broadcast was made from Studio Irene (now gone). In the 1980s growth slowed and it became somewhat of a retirement community. Its inhabitants are now amongst the oldest of any municipality in the Netherlands. Today, thanks to its location on the Hilversum-Amsterdam railway line, the conurbation of Bussum-Naarden-Hilversumse Meent

385-579: A word like "vier" is not rolled as it is in Standard Dutch . It is pronounced almost like the American "r" and so that "daardoor" sounds like "daawrwdoowrw". That is not the original local dialect but a modern speech pattern of people who have moved to the Gooi from Amsterdam and elsewhere in the Randstad . Because so many people from the area of the Gooi appear on television, this manner of speech

440-590: Is fenland . Since then this area has also been considered to be part of the Gooi, although historically not all of it was. Pasture land called the Utrechtse weilanden lies to the south. To the southeast lies a wooded area in the province of Utrecht called the Laagte van Pijnenburg , or Pijnenburg Depression, marking the transition to the central part of the Utrecht Hill Ridge . Two motorways run through

495-540: Is a municipality and village in the province of North Holland , the Netherlands . It is part of the region of Gooiland and part of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (Metropoolregio Amsterdam) . It is known for its many monumental farm buildings, local cafes and restaurants, nature, several annual community events, and extensive up-market residential areas. According to statistics published by

550-424: Is a reference to the perceived loose morals of the broadcasting industry. The English equivalent is probably the " casting couch ". The reputation of Het Gooi has (perhaps forever) been marked by the popular television show "Gooi Women" ( Gooische Vrouwen ), which follows the lives of four decadent women living in the area. People from the Gooi are known for how they pronounce "r" at the end of syllables. The "r" in

605-462: Is centred on the northernmost point of a geological formation called the Utrecht Hill Ridge (Utrechtse Heuvelrug). The "hilliness" of this area is relative. It is considered hilly because the rest of the countryside is flat and below sea level. The highest point in the Gooi is the Tafelberg (36.4 m above sea level), which is located halfway between Blaricum and Huizen . Originally the Gooi area

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660-399: Is influential throughout the country. 52°14′N 5°13′E  /  52.233°N 5.217°E  / 52.233; 5.217 Gau (country subdivision) Gau ( German : [ɡaʊ] ; Dutch : gouw [ɣʌu] ; West Frisian : gea [ɡɪə] or goa [ɡoə] ) is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often

715-455: Is now the most important and the largest town in the Gooi, a role it took over from Naarden in the 18th century. The town is the principal centre for radio and television broadcasting in the Netherlands. A traditionally Catholic town, the most important church is the St. Vitus Church ( Sint-Vituskerk ). Hilversum became the centre of the Gooi as a result of the rapid development of wool production and

770-483: Is situated on high sandy ground. In the constantly changing watery landscape of prehistoric Holland, this area was suitable for settlement and is thought to be one of the oldest inhabited parts of the Netherlands. Prehistoric mounds and the remains of the "Hilversum culture" are found in the area. The pottery remains found in Hilversum and area, particularly in burial mounds, indicate that the Hilversum culture dates from

825-582: Is the second largest built-up area in Het Gooi, behind Hilversum, but ahead of Huizen. For centuries Huizen was a traditionally Protestant farming village oriented around the production of cheese, but by the 19th century it had extended to the shore to the north and had become a fishing village as well. After the Zuiderzee was blocked off by the Afsluitdijk and Flevoland was drained and created,

880-763: The Reichsgau of Sudetenland , with territory to the south annexed to the Reichsgaue of Lower and Upper Danube. Following the Axis invasion of Poland in 1939, territories of the Pomeranian and Poznań voivodeships as well as the western half of Łódź voivodeship were reannexed to Germany as the Reichsgaue of Danzig-Westpreussen (which also incorporated the former Free City of Danzig ) and Wartheland . Other parts of Nazi-occupied Poland were incorporated to pre-existing bordering gaus of East Prussia (as in

935-788: The Reichstag election districts of the Weimar Republic , based on the constituent states ( Länder ) and the provinces of Prussia . Following the suppression of the political institutions of the Länder in the course of the Nazi Gleichschaltung process and the appointment of Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governors) in 1933, the Gaue became the de facto administrative regions of the government and each individual Gauleiter had considerable power within his territory. With

990-767: The IJsselmeer . An area called the Vechtstreek lies to the west of the Gooi. Eemland in the province of Utrecht lies to the east. The towns of Weesp and Eemnes are also sometimes thought to be in the Gooi. Their inclusion would mean that the region extends in the west to the Amsterdam–Rhine Canal (not just to the Vecht) and in the east to the river Eem (not just to the Gooyergracht). However, historically and geographically these towns are not really part of

1045-552: The heerlijkheid rights from the convent. (Afterwards there were disputes between the County of Holland and the Bishopric of Utrecht over the governance of the area.) The churches founded in the other towns in the area all bore the name of St. Vitus , the patron saint of the Gooi. Naarden and Hilversum each had two churches so named; Bussum and Blaricum one each. Around 1300 a sort of farmer's co-operative ( boerenzelforganisatie )

1100-457: The 18th and 19th centuries, and was considered an ancient administration structure of Germanic peoples . It was adopted in the 1920s as the name given to the regional associations of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Each Gau denoted an administrative region, created by a party statute dated 22 May 1926. Each Gau was headed by a Gauleiter . The original 33 Gaue were generally coterminous with

1155-526: The 18th century and today is much smaller than its neighbour Bussum. It is now a part of the municipality of Gooise Meren, albeit one with an interesting history and townscape. Until the 19th century Laren and Blaricum were poor, small farming villages. Laren is former place of pilgrimage and a procession takes place there on 24 June. There are also "death paths" ( doodwegen ) leading to the cemetery of St. John's Church ( Sint-Janskerkhof ) in Laren. From around

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1210-690: The 1950s the construction of motorways (the A1 and the A27) continued this process. The broadcast industry in the Gooi developed after the NSF factory (Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek, Dutch Broadcasting-equipment Factory) was built in Hilversum in 1918. It expanded from Hilversum to the other towns nearby. The first television broadcast in the Netherlands was from Bussum. Today the Netherlands Public Broadcasting has offices and studios all over

1265-543: The Dutch land registry office in February 2011, Blaricum is the most expensive location to purchase a house in the Netherlands. The average home in Blaricum costs €800,000 and had risen an average of 12% from the previous year. Blaricum is a popular residence of many Dutch celebrities, including Rene Froger , Anita Meijer, Paul de Leeuw , Dennis Bergkamp , Gordon , Jerney Kaagman , John de Mol , Anita Witzier and Marco Borsato . The municipality of Blaricum consists of

1320-654: The Gooi. Weesp is part of the Vechtstreek and Eemnes part of Eemland. To the west and southwest there are two lake systems called the Loosdrecht Lakes (Loosdrechtseplassen) and the Ankeveen Lakes (Ankeveenscheplassen). On 1 January 2002 the towns in the area of these lake systems was organised into a municipality called Wijdemeren . This municipality includes Ankeveen , Breukeleveen , 's-Graveland , Kortenhoef , Muyeveld , Nederhorst den Berg , Nieuw-Loosdrecht and Oud-Loosdrecht . Some of this area

1375-726: The Gooi: the A1 runs east and west; the A27 runs north and south. The railways running from Amsterdam to Hilversum and Amersfoort ( Gooilijn , part of the Amsterdam–Zutphen railway ) and from Hilversum to Utrecht ( Hilversum–Lunetten railway ) run through the area. A line called the " Gooiboog " links the Gooilijn with the Weesp–Lelystad railway ( Flevolijn ) to Almere and Lelystad . The Gooi

1430-589: The Middle Ages, many such Gaue came to be known as counties or Grafschaften , the territory of a Graf ( count ) within the Holy Roman Empire . Such a count or Graf would originally have been an appointed governor , but the position generally became an hereditary vassal princedom, or fief in most of continental Europe. The term Gau was revived in German historical research in

1485-399: The Netherlands without its own railway connection. There are a number of cultural and historical items of interest in the area: For Dutch people, the Gooi area is synonymous with the broadcasting industry, the affluence of the area's inhabitants and high property values. "Gooi parking" is the casual parking of a high-priced automobile outside permitted places. The phrase "the Gooi mattress"

1540-744: The Old High German gaumann . However, the Oxford English Dictionary connects the etymology of yeoman to young instead. In the Carolingian Empire , a Gau was a subdivision of the realm, further divided into Hundreds . The Frankish gowe thus appear to correspond roughly to the civitas in other barbarian kingdoms ( Visigoths , Burgundians , or the Italian Kingdom of the Lombards ). After

1595-468: The annexation of Austria in 1938, the country, briefly renamed " Ostmark " between 1938 and 1942, was sub-divided into seven Reichsgaue . These had boundaries broadly the same as the former Austrian Länder (states), with the Tyrol and Vorarlberg being merged as "Tyrol-Vorarlberg", Burgenland being divided between Styria and "Lower Danube" ( Niederdonau , the renamed Lower Austria ). Upper Austria

1650-660: The area includes deciduous and coniferous woods, heath, grassland with sand pits, land developed as estates and the unique leftovers of open high ground and commons ( engen en meenten ). Some areas have been set aside for protection, including the Naardermeer (the oldest nature reserve in the Netherlands and the home of a unique colony of black cormorants ( phalacrocorax nigra )) and the Gooi Nature Reserve ( Goois Natuurreservaat ). These areas are valuable buffers against encroaching urban development. A feature of

1705-420: The area. The Gooi has become heavily populated. Because of the nature in the area and its historic charm, the villages have become attractive to the affluent, including retirees. The population is relatively older and there are many old-age homes. The original inhabitants of the area have been submerged by the flood of newcomers. The local dialect that used to be spoken here has virtually disappeared. Hilversum

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1760-414: The beginning of the annexation of neighbouring territories by Nazi Germany in the late 1930s, a new unit of civil administration, the Reichsgau , was established. German-speaking territories annexed to Germany from 1938 were generally organised into Reichsgaue . Unlike the pre-existing Gaue , the new Reichsgaue formally combined the spheres of both party and state administration. Following

1815-598: The case of Zichenau ) and Upper Silesia (as in the case of the Silesian voivodeship with the counties of Oświęcim and Biała ). After the successful invasion of France in 1940, Germany re-annexed Alsace-Lorraine . The former département of Moselle was incorporated into the Gau of Saar-Palatinate, while Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin became part of the Gau Baden . Similarly, the formerly independent state of Luxembourg

1870-433: The centres of the settlements in the area. Because of the low fertility of the sandy soil, the grazing of sheep was the main agricultural activity. This led to the development of wool production. Until around 1300 the Gooi was mostly undeveloped. There were only a few farming settlements that used the land, woods and open fields in common. The name of the area was "Nardincklant" (literally, "Naarden Land"). From 968 to 1806,

1925-437: The early and mid- Bronze Age period (1800-1200 BCE). This culture is known for its cask-shaped and thick-sided urns, decorated on the edges with finger and nail imprints. The Hofland Geological Museum beside the St. John's Cemetery (St.-Janskerkhof) has a few objects from this culture on display. In this area water gathered in lower locations on the edges. These drinking spots provided a source of water for livestock and became

1980-551: The end of the Migration Period , the Hundred ( centena or hunaria , Old High German huntari ) had become a term for an administrative unit or jurisdiction, independent of the figure hundred. The Frankish usage contrasts with Tacitus' Germania , where a pagus was a subdivision of a tribal territory or civitas , corresponding to the Hundred, i.e. areas liable to provide a hundred men under arms, or containing roughly

2035-516: The fishing industry died out, but the town is still located on the Gooimeer, a southern extension of the IJsselmeer. After the war, the town grew rapidly because of the construction of a Philips factory there (since closed). Unlike Bussum and Hilversum, the population of the town is still growing and has a residential character. With its population of 42,000, Huizen is one of the larger towns in

2090-401: The internet boom in the 1990s. According to Statistics Netherlands ( CBS ), the residents of Blaricum are the richest of any municipality in the Netherlands. The residents of Laren are the oldest. An interesting feature of Blaricum and Laren is that each still has a recognisable village green in their centre, called a " brink " in Dutch. In Laren it has a pond and fountain in its centre. Quite

2145-427: The landscape in the Gooi is the consistent encirclement of many heath areas with wooded margins, creating the illusion of an uninterrupted landscape and keeping the built-up areas out of sight. In the Netherlands this is rare. There is some concern about the motorways running through the area (the A1 and A27 ) because they cut through important nature areas. Near Hilversum the longest wildlife crossing overpass in

2200-460: The lordship over Nardincklant was technically held by a noblewomen's convent in Hoog-Elten (nowadays Germany, then part of Guelders ) called the "Godgewijde Maagden van Elten" (literally, the "Virgins of Elten Consecrated to God"). It was Count Wichmann of Ghent who founded the convent and gave lordship over the Gooi to the convent. The first village in the Gooi was Naarden (Oud-Naarden) and

2255-420: The province of North Holland. Often the term is used to refer just to the higher, sandy, forested part of this area. The towns in the area include (in descending order of size): Hilversum (the centre of the area and the largest municipality), Bussum and Naarden , Huizen , Laren and Blaricum . To the north of the Gooi there is a body of water called Lake Gooi (in Dutch, Gooimeer ), a southern extension of

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2310-459: The railways, wealthy people from Amsterdam and Utrecht began to build grand country homes in the area. Affluent neighbourhoods (e.g. the Bussum neighbourhood of 't Spiegel) developed. As a result of the railway between Amsterdam and Amersfoort in 1874, Hilversum and Bussum were the first to grow. In 1892, after the tram line connecting Laren, Blaricum and Huizen was laid, these towns also developed. In

2365-488: The southeastern corner of the province of North Holland . It is located east of Amsterdam and north of Utrecht , between Amersfoort and Amsterdam . The boundaries are not clearly demarcated. It is generally the area between a dry ditch called the Gooyergracht, dug in 1356 to demarcate the border with the province of Utrecht , and the river Vecht . The Gooi refers traditionally to the part of this area that lies in

2420-576: The stem suffix gaw, gao , and with motion to the feminine as gawa besides gowo (from gowio ). Old Saxon shows further truncation to gâ, gô . As an equivalent of Latin pagus , a gau is analogous with a pays of the Kingdom of France , or of Lotharingia . Old English , by contrast, has only traces of the word, which was replaced by scire (modern English shire ) from an early time, in names such as Noxga gā, Ohtga gā and perhaps in gōman, ġēman " yeoman ", which would then correspond to

2475-453: The textile and carpet-making industry. A Philips radio and transmitter factory, called "NSF" or Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek, was built in Hilversum in 1918. This led to the founding of the Netherlands Public Broadcasting system and the various networks, including AVRO , VARA , KRO , NCRV , NTS and the NOS and others. Broadcasting became the major economic activity in the town. In 1965

2530-541: The time of the introduction of the steam train in 1882 until around 1950, there was an artists' colony in the area. The inhabitants included Anton Mauve (teacher of Vincent van Gogh ), Jan Sluijters , Ferdinand Hart Nibbrig , Saar de Swart and American art collector William Singer , whose collection became the basis for the Singer Laren museum. Today Laren and Blaricum are residential towns for television personalities, retirees and people who struck it rich during

2585-407: The town's population was 103,000, but in recent decades it had lost some of its industries and the population has declined. In 2016 the population was 88,000. The city is encircled by nature reserves and unable to expand. Naarden was granted its city rights in 1300 (the only town in the Gooi to have been done so) and later developed into a fortressed garrison town with a textile industry. Unusually,

2640-506: The transition from wet to dry, are important for many animals and plants. The bodies of water at the margins of the area are fed by water seeping through the sandy ridge. Some of the woods and heath have survived into the present today, notably Spanderswoud, Hilversumse Heide, Hoorneboegse Heide and Bussumer Heide. These areas are now all nature areas managed by the Gooi Nature Reserve Foundation. The vegetation in

2695-562: The walls of the town are still intact and have been restored. Naarden is the home of the Netherlands Fortress Museum (Nederlands Vestingmuseum). Every year Naarden hosts the national photograph festival and, on Good Friday , a performance of Bach 's St. Matthew Passion in the local church, which is called the Great Church or St. Vitus Church. Despite its earlier importance, Naarden was surpassed by Hilversum in

2750-687: The world has been constructed over the N524 and the Amsterdam-Hilversum railway line. Called the Natuurbrug Zanderij Crailo (literally, the "Crailo Sand Quarry Nature Bridge"), the massive structure is over 800 meters long and spans not just the motorway and railway line, but also a business park, river and sports complex. Monitoring is currently under way to examine the effectiveness of this innovative project combining wildlife protection with urban development. The Gooi area

2805-467: Was also renamed "Upper Danube" ( Oberdonau ), thus eliminating the name of "Austria" ( Österreich in German) from the official map. A small number of boundary changes also took place, the most significant of which was the massive expansion of Vienna 's official territory, at the expense of "Lower Danube". Northern and eastern territory annexed from the dismembered Czechoslovakia were mainly organised as

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2860-682: Was annexed to Koblenz-Trier, and the Belgian territories of Eupen and Malmedy were incorporated into Cologne-Aachen. The medieval term Gau (sometimes Gäu ; gouw in Dutch ) has survived as (second, more generic) component of the names of certain regions – some named after a river – in Germany, Austria, Alsace , Switzerland , Belgium, South Tyrol , and the Netherlands . Notes Bibliography Blaricum Blaricum ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈblaːrikʏm] )

2915-499: Was covered with woods and heath. It was at one time encircled by treacherous high and low fen areas (with peat bogs) that created a natural barrier and isolated it from the Utrecht area to the south. Today there is still a good amount of variation in the landscape in the Gooi area. The landscape is dominated by a dry, sandy ridge. To the east and west of the ridge there is flat wet low-lying pasture land. The changes in land elevation, and

2970-447: Was formed in the area. Unique in the Netherlands, its members asserted their rights to use and regulate the land as a commons. Called "the erfgooiers ", this medieval organisation remarkably lasted until 1972. The people in the area (especially Bussum, Laren and Blaricum) spoke a Dutch Low Saxon dialect called "Goois". Emigration from Frisia to Huizen meant that a Frisian dialect was spoken there. Starting around 1500, and reaching

3025-523: Was referenced on a list that dates from 887 as "Naruthi". In 1085 a chapel was founded at the current location of the St. John's Cemetery (St.-Janskerkhof) in Laren. It became the religious centre for the area. It developed into a church and a place of pilgrimage , which would later acquire the status of basilica and make Laren the site of an annual St. John's Procession held on the Feast of St. John on 24 June. In 1285 Floris V, Count of Holland , purchased

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