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49-609: Abuko is in the West Coast Division, in the western part of the country, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of the capital city Banjul . It had 6,572 inhabitants as of 2012. The area around Abuko is well-populated, with 1,056 people per square kilometer. The nearest larger city is Serekunda , 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) north-west of Abuko. The town is home to the Abuko United FC . The 259 acres (105 ha) Abuko Nature Reserve , created in 1968, lies to

98-783: A solar energy training program. The primary method of reaching the city by land is by road. A highway connects Banjul to Serrekunda which crosses the Denton Bridge , however ferries provide another mode of transportation. As of May 2014, ferries sail regularly from Banjul across the Gambia River to Barra . The city is served by the Banjul International Airport . Banjul is on the Trans–West African Coastal Highway connecting it to Dakar and Bissau , which will eventually provide

147-563: A commission of inquiry to Australia to investigate the colony's use of transportation and treatment of convicts. John T Bigge sent back three Reports recommending that more settlers should be sent to the colony, and therefore transportation should continue. Bathurst ordered changes to the administration of justice and land distribution in the colony. He was made Knight of the Garter in 1817, and he held several lucrative sinecures . The collapse of wages and economic depression since 1800 exercised

196-495: A court-martial on Bathurst's orders, but died in 1815. When King George IV turned to George Canning to form a government following Liverpool's resignation, Bathurst, along with Wellington and Lord Eldon on the far right of the Tory party, who called themselves the 'Ultra Tories', refused to serve under him due to the new prime minister's humble origins, liberal policies and support for Catholic emancipation . When Wellington in turn

245-602: A former employee to aid Pitt's party cheering on his friends to help. The department included five lords, of whom all the others were MPs with 20 clerks and a secretary, Paul Stephens. He was assisted at the Navy Board by a "hard-working" Captain Charles Middleton. Apsley contested the General Election in 1790 in his father's interest at Cirencester. Granted the reversion in 1786 from Lord Hardwicke to

294-668: A free press in Britain's possessions. While himself an efficient and conscientious bureaucrat, he ran the Colonial Office on traditional, paternalistic lines and overseas posting owed much to status, nepotism and family contacts. He appointed his brother-in-law the Duke of Richmond , who was in financial straits, Governor-General of Canada and sent out his son-in-law, Major General Sir Frederic Ponsonby, to be Governor of Malta. He appointed as Governor of Cape Colony Lord Charles Somerset,

343-540: A military garrison, had been ordered by Charles MacCarthy . Grant founded Banjul as a trading post and base, constructing houses and barracks for controlling entrance to the Gambia estuary and suppressing the slave trade . The British renamed Banjul Island as St. Mary's Island and named the new town Bathurst, after the 3rd Earl Bathurst , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies at the time. Streets were laid out in

392-528: A modified grid pattern, and named after Allied generals at the Battle of Waterloo . The town became the centre of British activity in the Gambia Colony and Protectorate . Within a few years of its establishment, the town started attracting migrants. Its population consisted of Africans of various origins, Levantines (Syrians, Lebanese) as well as Europeans (English, French, Portuguese). A majority of

441-865: A paved highway link to 11 other nations of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Attractions in the city include the Gambian National Museum , the Albert Market , Banjul State House , Banjul Court House , African Heritage Museum. Banjul is the destination of the Plymouth-Banjul Challenge , a charity road rally. The University of the Gambia was founded in 1999. The places of worship are predominantly Muslim mosques. There are also Christian churches and congregations: Roman Catholic Diocese of Banjul ( Catholic Church ), Church of

490-475: A salary by Pitt he rejected it for the sinecures that already obtained. He was again at the centre of cabinet government, but had failed to make his mark attending only a quarter of the meetings held every ten days. In the Commons, he was a diffident speaker, and not a great orator, which hampered advancement to the great offices of state. He relinquished office on his father's death in 1794. Lord Mornington offered

539-424: A son of his friend the Duke of Beaufort. On the other hand, while not an abolitionist, he was a friend of William Wilberforce and he pressed his colonial governors hard to improve the living conditions of Caribbean slaves. Bathurst reorganized the department with his capable Under-secretary Henry Goulburn . Blue books were introduced for the first time with new office routines. Goulburn's successor, Wilmot Horton

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588-415: Is almost all fields. Peninsulas and islands are common in the region. Abuko has a savanna climate. The average temperature is 24 °C (75 °F). The hottest month is April, with 27 °C (81 °F) and the coldest month is July, with 22 °C (72 °F). Average annual rainfall is 1,148 millimetres (45.2 in). The wettest month is August, with 449 millimetres (17.7 in) of rain, and

637-612: Is divided into two districts: Banjul is the country's economic and administrative centre and includes the Central Bank of the Gambia . Peanut processing is the country's principal industry, but beeswax , palm wood , palm oil , and skins and hides are also shipped from the port of Banjul. Banjul is also the home of the Gambia Technical Training Institute . GTTI is engaged in a partnership with non-profit organization Power Up Gambia to develop

686-700: Is located on St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), where the Gambia River enters the Atlantic Ocean . The population of the city proper is 31,301, with the Greater Banjul Area , which includes the City of Banjul and the Kanifing Municipal Council, at a population of 413,397 (2013 census). The island is connected to the mainland to the west and the rest of Greater Banjul Area via bridges. There are also ferries linking Banjul to

735-547: The Köppen climate classification , Banjul features a tropical wet and dry climate ( Aw ). The city features a lengthy dry season , spanning from November to May and a relatively short wet season covering the remaining five months. However, during those five months, Banjul tends to see heavy rainfall. August is usually the rainiest month, with on average 350 millimetres or 14 inches of rainfall. Maximum temperatures are somewhat constant, though morning minima tend to be hotter during

784-786: The Mandinka word for rope fibre that the Mandinka people gathered on the island. In 1651, Banjul was leased by the Duke of Courland and Semigallia ( German : Herzog von Kurland und Semgallen ) from the King of Kombo , as part of the Couronian colonization . On 23 April 1816, Tumani Bojang , the King of Kombo , ceded Banjul Island to Alexander Grant , the British commandant, in exchange for an annual fee of 103 iron bars. Grant's expedition, consisting of 75 men and tasked with establishing

833-699: The Napoleonic era . After the Napoleonic Wars , Bathurst was on the conservative wing of the Tory party. Lord Bathurst was the elder son of Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst , by his wife Tryphena Scawen, daughter of Thomas Scawen . He was educated at Eton College from 1773 to 1778 and then up to Christ Church, Oxford . This college was considered the most academic at Oxford, and he went up with his closest companions at Eton William Wyndham Greville , Richard, Lord Wellesley and Canon Bathurst, his cousin. He matriculated at Christ Church on 22 April 1779, at

882-490: The 19th century. This fact is often overlooked since Bathurst was far from being a radical. The social diarist Maria Edgeworth, often alluded to by Jane Austen, wrote that he was an "old school dog". A "formalist", she thought who was "very much from that class". Lord Apsley was member of the British Parliament for Cirencester from July 1783, when he was elected the moment he turned 21 but refused to serve with

931-737: The Army during a national crisis, on the Whig's summons to the palace. His friend's death on 23 Jan 1806 prompted Bathurst to quit politics, but the Ministry of all the Talents was very brief. Appointed as President of the Board of Trade in March 1807, Bathurst's first concern was Napoleon's Continental System against free trade . Yet he was defeated by cabinet 'hawks', who closed all British ports, invoking

980-577: The Exchequer and Clerk of the Crown and, as such, was a beneficiary of the 'old corruption' system loathed by radicals. He was a High Churchman and a High Tory, a significant Gloucestershire landowner, a lifelong supporter of agricultural interests and a supporter of the Corn Laws . As Colonial Secretary, he would be hostile both to the introduction of representative institutions, and to the development of

1029-625: The Governorship of Madras, but even on appointment, he withdrew from travelling to India, to which his wife objected strongly. In 1801 he was a Joint clerk of the crown in Chancery worth £1,100 pa; a position that monitored claims and civil suits, giving him an eye for better administrative competence. At the height of Bonaparte's invasion scares he returned home to command the Cirencester Volunteer Cavalry. When Pitt

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1078-623: The Navigation Acts at home and abroad. Bathurst's response was the Orders-in-council of 11 and 25 November 1807. He was behind Admiral Berkeley's posting to Lisbon, and subsequent championing of John VI of Portugal as Emperor of Brazil . Obliged to concede Napoleon's Convention of Cintra , Canning criticised the policy as "the most disastrous." In defending royalty when the Duke of York resigned as Commander-in-chief he refuted

1127-540: The Province of West Africa ( Anglican Communion ), Assemblies of God . Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst , KG , PC (22 May 1762 – 27 July 1834) was a High Tory , High Church Pittite . He was an MP for thirty years before ennoblement. A personal friend of William Pitt the Younger , he became a broker of deals across cabinet factions during

1176-676: The Whigs owing to a friendship with Tory William Pitt . A maiden speech bravely opposing the East India Bill was sufficiently impressive to bring down the government. On New Year's Eve 1783 the "mince pie" administration was without the young lord who was called away to Cirencester. He was a junior civil lord of the Admiralty from 1783 to 1789 adhering firmly to the Pittites. At Carshalton a by-election missing voter agents Bathurst sent

1225-502: The age of sixteen. In 1781, he decided to embark on a Grand Tour of Europe. Without taking a degree, Bathurst left Oxford for Germany, where he travelled with Greville. From Switzerland, he went to Italy, before moving north to Paris. On hearing that William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne 's government was challenged by a Fox–North coalition , Bathurst headed back to London in February 1783. Immediately upon entering politics, he admired

1274-433: The agitation for the abolition of slavery , and with regard to this traffic, he seems to have been animated by a humane spirit. This is recognised in the naming of the town of Bathurst, Eastern Cape, which was renamed in memorial for a humanitarian gesture towards the settlers of Albany, and parliamentary censure of Lord Charles Somerset, its excessively punitive governor-general. The current capital of The Gambia , Banjul ,

1323-569: The allegation of corruption, being bribery for the sale of commissions. "There is no calculation to advantages...to the capture of the Island of Flushing" he told the vice-president at the Board. Bathurst also advised the King on Portland's resignation from ill health. For the two months from 11 October 1809 he was briefly in charge of the Foreign Office he imposed a travel ban to Portugal, withdrawing diplomat Henry Williams-Wynne . Thinking of

1372-495: The availability of jobs fuelled by British colonial activities as well as social activities such as cinemas. Young men from rural farming villages would move to Bathurst to work at the Public Works Department (established in 1922) or docks. The town was an important Allied naval and air hub during World War II , resulting in an increase in population from 14,370 in 1931 to 21,154 in 1944. After independence,

1421-588: The climate of Banjul in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Bamako in Mali . The annual temperature would increase by 2 °C (3.6 °F), and the temperature of the warmest month by 3.3 °C (5.9 °F), while the temperature of the coldest month would actually decrease by 1.2 °C (2.2 °F). According to Climate Action Tracker , the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5. Banjul Division (Greater Banjul Area)

1470-749: The conduct of the Peninsular War , while it was his duty to defend the government concerning its treatment of Napoleon Bonaparte . Bathurst endorsed Sir George Prévost 's policy in British North America when war broke out in 1812. He ordered the Provincial Marines to be replaced with Royal Navy personnel authorising the occupation of the Great Lakes; yet organized with the defence of Canada in mind. The strategy remained essentially defensive and underfunded until Napoleon I

1519-574: The country's demographics. Islamic schools called dara were founded in Bathurst from its early years, resulting in the foundation of the first Muslim court in 1905, in addition to the increasingly more sophisticated British legal framework. Bathurst was officially declared the capital of the Protectorate of the Gambia in 1889, leading to an increase in population. Through the 20th century, it became an even greater attraction for Gambians due to

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1568-517: The driest month is February, with 1 millimetre (0.039 in) of rain. Banjul Banjul ( UK : / b æ n ˈ dʒ uː l / , US : / ˈ b ɑː n dʒ uː l / ), officially the City of Banjul , is the capital of The Gambia . It is the centre of the eponymous administrative division which is home to an estimated 400,000 residents, making it The Gambia's largest and most densely populated metropolitan area . The city Banjul

1617-575: The lines at Torres Vedras he sent the King a board of backgammon, a strategic victory. He remained Master of the Mint during the ministries of the Duke of Portland and Spencer Perceval , only vacating these posts in June 1812 to become Secretary of State for War and the Colonies under Lord Liverpool ; a position he retained until Liverpool resigned in April 1827. Bathurst deserves some credit for improving

1666-527: The mainland at the other side of the river. From the 19th century until 24 April 1973, the city was known as Bathurst . There are several etymologies for 'Banjul.' One traditional history recounts that Bandjougou, son of Barafin, came to the island after fleeing the attacks of Soumaoro Kante on the Manding region . His name became attached to the island, and over time changed to 'Bandjoulou'. Another theory claims that Banjul takes its name from Bang julo ,

1715-544: The mind of the Board President "When I paused over this scene of misery, unequalled in the history of civilised times, I felt naturally to demand, how it was possible to sustain existence in such circumstances, and whether it were not practicable to administer charitable aid?" Rising unemployment brought a real sense of crisis to Bathurst's statement to the Lords. Much of the blame for importuned labourers begging in

1764-510: The patriotism and oratory of William Pitt. It was through the ultra Tories Pitt and Wellington that he helped to gain recognition for the independence of Spain and Portugal; a policy decision that was influential on the Peninsular War. Later on, he would support Canada and Australia to establish 'white' dominion status, a legacy of what one historian has noted was the significant tenure of Secretary of War and Colonies before Palmerston in

1813-639: The population was Muslim but there was a significant Christian minority, including the Aku inhabitants . The majority of the Africans consisted of Wolof people , whose population rose from 829 in 1881 to 3,666 in 1901 and then 10,130 in 1944. They had mainly hailed from Gorée and Saint-Louis . The Mandinka were the second largest African group, followed by the Jola as well as the Fula . The Serer people make up 3.5% of

1862-598: The south of the town. It is the most visited tourist attraction in Gambia, with over 30,000 visitors annually. It contains tropical canopy forest near the Lamin Stream, giving way to Guinean savanna further from the water. The reserve is home to many species of bird, four primates and a variety of reptiles. Abuko is 15 metres (49 ft) above sea level. The surrounding land is mainly flat. The highest point nearby has an elevation of 26 metres (85 ft), 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of Abuko. The vegetation around Abuko

1911-425: The streets was protectionism, Lord Brougham demanding on 13 March 1817, "a full and unsparing review of the whole commercial policy of this country". Also in 1817 he made a signal speech to the Lords governing the conditions under which Napoleon had been sent to St Helena in which he made it clear the hardship the former emperor was facing. Bathurst's official position caused his name to be mentioned frequently during

1960-524: The tellership sinecure worth £2,700 per annum in the Commons as a lord of the treasury to 1791. A cousin Richard Hopkins vacated a junior post at the Treasury on 10 August 1789. He was therefore responsible for counting the government's votes on divisions in the chamber as well as recording expenditure. On 19 April 1791, he voted for repealing the slave trade in the first such vote on abolition. He

2009-444: The town's name was changed to Banjul in 1973. On 22 July 1994, Banjul was the scene of a bloodless military coup d'état in which President Sir Dawda Jawara was overthrown and replaced by Yahya Jammeh . To commemorate this event, Arch 22 was built as an entrance portal to the capital. The gate is 35 metres tall and stands at the centre of an open square. It houses a textile museum . Banjul features hot weather year round. Under

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2058-478: The wet season than the dry season. According to a Gambian government minister, Banjul is at risk of submerging under water by a metre rise in sea levels as a result of climate change and global warming. A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimated that under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 , a "moderate" scenario of climate change where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100,

2107-673: Was an admirer of practical good sense and discretion. Bathurst appears to have been personable, amused and capable of delegating tasks. To prevent a Tory split he supported Pitt's decision to return the Cape of Good Hope colony in Feb 1801, voted to keep the Aliens Act 1793 and wanted foreigners to carry passports. He accepted the Peace Treaty of Amiens in 1802 following Pitt's lead, whom Malmesbury said: "he looked up to". In 1817 he dispatched

2156-553: Was asked to resume as Prime Minister he chose his old friend again in May 1804, to be Master of the Mint in new offices built by Robert Smirke in July, while he worked on the entrance hall at Cirencester. He professed to Pitt he was "well provided for" after he had tried to bring the Pitt and Grenville factions to unite. He advised Grenville that the king would not tolerate Catholic officers in

2205-552: Was buried in Cirencester Abbey's parish church. Charles Greville's much-quoted encomium is hardly flattering but remains largely because it was published in his Memoirs . Lord Bathurst married Lady Georgiana, daughter of Lord George Henry Lennox , in April 1789. He died in July 1834, aged 72, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Henry . Lady Bathurst died in January 1841, aged 75. Sir Thomas Lawrence

2254-464: Was called to form a government a few months later in the aftermath of Canning's death, he opted for a middle-of-the-road cabinet and Bathurst had to contend with the relatively minor position of Lord President of the council. A close friend of Castlereagh's and Wellington's, Bathurst shared their view that the first responsibility of government was to try to preserve the established order both at home and overseas. He enjoyed sinecure incomes as Teller of

2303-664: Was however not in favour of repealing the Test Act in Scotland. On 3 June 1791 he sat on the committee of Inquiry into the Prince of Wales' civil list and use of funds which were granted for the heir apparent's household at Carlton House . Yet by the 21st he had resigned to attend to his dying father at home. As an unpaid Commissioner of the Board of Control from 1793, he was sworn to the Privy Council on 21 June. When awarded

2352-611: Was originally named Bathurst after the earl. Bathurst was Lord President of the Council in the government of the Duke of Wellington from 1828 to 1830, and favoured the removal of the disabilities of Roman Catholics, although did not believe that it would improve the constitution and so voted against. He was however a sturdy opponent of the Reform Bill of 1832. The Earl, who had four sons and two daughters, died on 27 July 1834 at his London home, 16 Arlington Street, Piccadilly. He

2401-408: Was sent to Elba in 1814; by which time it was too late. Bathurst refused to send large-scale reinforcements. However, when operations switched to the north-western forests and inlets of Vancouver Sound in British Columbia 20,000 troops arrived to prevent incursion over the border. The failure of the Plattsburgh Expedition destroyed Prevost's reputation among Royal Navy officers. He was recalled to face

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