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46-547: Abbeville ( French: [abvil] ; West Flemish : Abbekerke ; Picard : Advile ) is a commune in the Somme department and in Hauts-de-France region in northern France . It is the chef-lieu of one of the arrondissements of Somme. Located on the river Somme , it was the capital of Ponthieu . Abbeville is located on the river Somme , 20 km (12 mi) from its modern mouth in

92-584: A Spanish army led by Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano , crossed the Somme defeating a French army during the Thirty Years War threatening Paris. Most famously, the Battle of the Somme , during World War I , lasted from July to November 1916 and resulted in more than a million casualties. Private A. S. Bullock in his wartime memoir recalled his first sight of it in early April 1918: "... we reached

138-593: A bordure gules, a chief azure semé of fleurs-de-lis or . Decree of 2 June 1948: "Beautiful city, victim of the two World Wars, holder of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918, was the scene of violent fighting in 1940, during the Battle of the Somme. Suffered many bombardments from May 1940 to Liberation , which have caused the destruction of more than one-third of its houses and very painful human losses. Its severely affected population in its flesh and in possessions, did no less face

184-588: A further 50,000 in the neighbouring Dutch coastal district of Zeelandic Flanders (200,000 if including the closely related dialects of Zeelandic ) and 10-20,000 in the northern part of the French department of Nord . Some of the main cities where West Flemish is widely spoken are Bruges , Dunkirk , Kortrijk , Ostend , Roeselare and Ypres . West Flemish is listed as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO 's online Red Book of Endangered Languages . West Flemish has

230-647: A long ie ( [i] ). Like for the ui , the long o ( [o] ) can be replaced by an [ø] ( eu ) for some words but a [uo] for others. That often causes similarities to ranchers English. Here are some examples showing the sound shifts that are part of the vocabulary: Plural forms in Standard Dutch most often add -en , but West Flemish usually uses -s , like the Low Saxon dialects and even more prominently in English in which -en has become very rare. Under

276-539: A maximum in the months of July and August, the rains are frequent and distributed regularly in the year with precipitation totalling 781.3 millimetres (30.76 in) and 128 days with precipitation. The sunshine is average (1678 hours of sunshine) because of its position in the north and the oceanic influence also helps to prevent temperatures from being too high with only three days of intense heat (temperature > = 30 °C) and from being too cold with 6 days of heavy frost (temperature = -5 °C). The highest temperature

322-891: A phonology that differs significantly from that of Standard Dutch, being similar to Afrikaans in the case of long E, O and A. Also where Standard Dutch has sch , in some parts of West Flanders, West-Flemish, like Afrikaans, has sk . However, the best known traits are the replacement of Standard Dutch (pre-)velar fricatives g and ch in Dutch ( /x, ɣ/ ) with glottal h [h, ɦ] ,. The following differences are listed by their Dutch spelling, as some different letters have merged their sounds in Standard Dutch but remained separate sounds in West Flemish. Pronunciations can also differ slightly from region to region. The absence of /x/ and /ɣ/ in West Flemish makes pronouncing them very difficult for native speakers. That often causes hypercorrection of

368-461: A short u ( [ɐ] ), a phenomenon also occurring in Russian and some other Slavic languages , called akanye . That happens spontaneously to some words, but other words keep their original short o sounds. Similarly, the short a ( [ɑ] ) can turn into a short o ( [ɔ] ) in some words spontaneously. The diphthong ui ( /œy/ ) does not exist in West Flemish and is replaced by a long u ( [y] ) or

414-536: A small place called Hengest sur Somme . The train stopped and we descended. There in front of us was a muddy, sluggish and somewhat narrow stream, which has given its name to one of the most awful battles in history – the Somme." The great battles that finally stopped the German advance in the Spring Offensive of 1918 were fought around the valley of the Somme in places like Villers Bretonneux , which marked

460-478: Is often made. Even Robert Louis erred in "The Armorial of the Somme", which earned an added erratum. Since then, the error is taken from copy to copy. Jacques Dulphy. Official The blason populaire of the people of Abbeville is "chés bourgeois d'Adville" . Abbeville was the capital of the former province of Ponthieu . Today, it is one of the three sub-prefectures of the Somme department . Presidential Elections Second Round: The commune

506-575: Is part of the Communauté d'agglomération de la Baie de Somme of which it has the headquarters. The subsoil contains many vestiges of the Pleistocene . This discovery was a founding element of prehistory as a science. The name Abbeville has been adopted to name a category of paleolithic stone tools . These stone tools are also known as handaxes . Various handaxes were found near Abbeville by Jacques Boucher de Perthes starting in 1838 and he

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552-404: Is pronounced only if the next word begins with a vowel sound. Another feature of West Flemish is the conjugation of ja and nee ("yes" and "no") to the subject of the sentence. That is somewhat related to the double subject, but even when the rest of the sentence is not pronounced, ja and nee are generally used with the first part of the double subject. This conjugation can be negated with

598-543: The Canal de la Somme began in 1770 and reached completion in 1843. It is 156 km (97 mi) long, beginning at St.Simon and opening into the Bay of the Somme. From St.Simon to Froissy (near Bray sur Somme, south of Albert), the canal is alongside the river. Thence to the sea, the river is partly river and partly navigation. From Abbeville , it is diverted through the silted , former estuary , to Saint-Valery-sur-Somme , where

644-535: The /h/ sounds to a /x/ or /ɣ/ . Standard Dutch also has many words with an -en ( /ən/ ) suffix (mostly plural forms of verbs and nouns). While Standard Dutch and most dialects do not pronounce the final n , West Flemish typically drops the e and pronounces the n inside the base word. For base words already ending with n , the final n sound is often lengthened to clarify the suffix. That makes many words become similar to those of English: beaten , listen etc. The short o ( [ɔ] ) can also be pronounced as

690-629: The Abbey of Saint-Riquier  [ fr ] : it is the Act of birth of the abbatial field of Abbeville. The name, Abbeville, comes from the Latin and means " town (or more exactly) field of Abbots " (of Saint-Riquier). The first historical mention of Abbeville, in the chronicle of Hariulf , dates to 831 AD. It was a small island in the Somme , inhabited by fishermen who took refuge there with their boats and had fortified it against barbarian invasions from

736-595: The Bay of the Somme , in the English Channel . It lies in the geological syncline which also forms the Solent . This gives it a fairly constant and gentle gradient where several fluvial terraces have been identified. The Somme river was known in ancient times as Samara . It presumably means 'the summery river', that is to say the 'quiet river', stemming from an adjective * sam-aro - ('summery') itself derived from

782-677: The Bronze Age . Although the research of Jacques Boucher de Perthes has highlighted an occupation of the site of Abbeville ( Menchecourt-les-Abbeville quarter) from the Acheulean era, in Roman times it was a succession of marshes, similar to marsh of Saint-Gilles which remains today. Further to the north, the entire plateau between the Authie and the Somme was covered in primary forest . The Romans had to break through this forest massif for

828-581: The Celtic root * samo - ('summer'). The city of Amiens was also known as Samarobriva (Gaulish: 'bridge on the Samara'). It is attested by the early 1st century BC as the chief town of the Ambiani , an ancient Gallic tribe of the region. The modern department of Somme was named after this river. The Somme has featured prominently in several military campaigns. In 1066, the invasion fleet of William

874-479: The English Channel . The majority of the town is located on the east bank of the Somme, as well as on an island. It is located at the head of the Abbeville Canal, and is 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Amiens and approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) from Paris . It is also 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) as the crow flies from the Bay of Somme  [ fr ] and the English Channel . In

920-560: The Günz to the Würm (Beestonian or Nebraskan to Devensian or Wisconsinian) the river has cut down into the Cretaceous geology to a level below the modern water table . The valley bottom has now therefore, filled with water which, in turn, has filled with fen . This picture , of the source of the Somme in 1986, shows it when the water table had fallen below the surface of the chalk in which

966-869: The Hortillonages are on this sort of land but drained. Once exploited for peat cutting , the fen is now used for fishing and shooting In 2001, the Somme valley was affected by particularly high floods, which were in large part due to a rise in the water table of the surrounding land. Catchment area 5,560 km (2,150 sq mi). Daily flow rates compared with mean rates for the time of year at Hangest-sur-Somme (m³/s). Catchment area 4,835 km (1,867 sq mi). 1993 . 1995 . 1997 . 1998 . 1999 . 2001 . 2003 . 2005 . Mean flow rates monthly and daily at Péronne (m³/s). Catchment area 1,294 km (500 sq mi). 1987 . 1989 . 1991 . 1992 . 1993 . 1995 . 1996 . 1997 . 1999 . 2000 . 2001 . 2002 . 2003 . 2004 . 2005 . The construction of

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1012-517: The aerodrome and industrial areas of the arrondissement of Abbeville. Abbeville manufactured textiles, and in particular, linens and tablecloths when the Van Robais family created la Manufacture Royale des Rames in 1665; however after the Edict of Nantes was revoked and the subsequent migration of Protestants away from the area, the cloth business succumbed. Also affecting the economy of the town

1058-451: The aquifer lies. Here, the flow of water had been sufficient to keep fen from forming. This satellite photograph shows the fenny valley crossing the chalk to the sea on the left. The sinuous length at the centre of the picture lies downstream from Péronne . One of the fens, the Marais de l'Île is a nature reserve in the town of St.Quentin. The traditional market gardens of Amiens ,

1104-482: The maladrerie des Frères du Val , moved to Grand-Laviers in the following century, before urban sprawl. Then accessible to boats, Abbeville became a port of the English Channel under the dependence of the Abbots of Saint-Riquier . Subsequently, the silting up of the Bay of Somme  [ fr ] forced the sea to recede by 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), but the city continued to be a trading port. Abbeville became

1150-480: The medieval period , it was the lowest crossing point on the Somme and it was nearby that Edward III's army crossed shortly before the Battle of Crécy in 1346. Just halfway between Rouen and Lille , it is the historical capital of the County of Ponthieu and maritime Picardy . Abbeville station is served by trains on the line between Boulogne-sur-Mer and Amiens and between Calais and Paris . Abbeville

1196-653: The "Villa of the Abbé" because it once depended on the Abbey of Saint-Riquier  [ fr ] . There are also Hableville in 1607 and Ableville in 1643, with transitional addition of an L. Abbekerke and Abbegem in Flemish . Abbeville boasted of having never been taken and was called Abbeville la pucelle ("the virgin"). It was also granted many privileges from the Capetian kings, to reward its loyalty. The Abbeville arms are blazoned Azure three bendlets or,

1242-456: The Conqueror assembled in the Bay of the Somme, at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme . The river also featured in the 1346 withdrawal of Edward III of England 's army, which forded the river at the Battle of Blanchetaque during the campaign, which culminated in the Battle of Crécy . Crossing the river also featured prominently in the campaign which led to the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. In 1636,

1288-537: The Vieux-Rouen-sur-Bresle, which has been identified with the character Himbaldus (Château-Hubault). In the 7th century, the Benedictine monks of Saint-Valéry , Saint-Josse , Saint-Saulve de Montreuil , Forest-Montiers , Balance and Valloires cleared the woods that were close to their monasteries. The Frankish king Dagobert I then gave part of the forest of Crécy , the hermitage became

1334-464: The beginning of the end of the war. The tributaries listed comprise: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: The river is characterized by a very gentle gradient and a steady flow. The valley is more or less steep-sided but its bottom is flat with fens and pools. These characteristics of steady flow and flooded valley bottom arise from the river's being fed by the ground water in the chalk basin in which it lies. At earlier, colder times, from

1380-718: The capital of the Ponthieu and rapidly spread on both banks of the River Somme , right on the slope of the hillsides and left into the marshes. In 1095, Guy I Count of Ponthieu founded the Abbey Saint-Pierre of Abbeville and on 24 May 1098, he was dubbed as a Knight by Louis the Fat . West Flemish language West Flemish is spoken by about a million people in the Belgian province of West Flanders , and

1426-657: The city is attested in various forms over the centuries: Brittania (in the 3rd century), Abacivo villa (6th century), Bacivum palatium , Cloie and Cloye (in the 7th century), Abacivum villa , Basiu , Haymonis villa , Abbatis villa , Abbevilla (in the 11th century), Abbavilla , Abedvilla , Abatis villa , Abbasvilla , Abbisvilla , Abbevile in 1209, Abbevilla in ponticio in 1213, Abisvil , Abeville in 1255, Abbeville in 1266, Abbisville , Abbeville en Pontiu (13th century), Albeville , Aubeville in 1358, Albeville in 1347, Aubbeville , Aubeville , Abevile (1383), Abbativilla and, finally, Abbeville , meaning

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1472-501: The departure point for Stage 4 of the 2012 Tour de France and the departure point for Stage 1 of the 2011 Tour de Picardie . The commune has also been on the route of the Grand Prix de la Somme one-day cycle race. Abbeville will feature as the departure point for Stage 6 of the 2015 Tour de France , on 9 July. Voltaire , in his Dictionnaire philosophique (1769), wrote an article Torture , in which he set out an account of

1518-680: The earlier form of stone tool, not found in Europe, is known as the Oldowan chopper. Some of these artifacts are displayed at the Musee Boucher-de-Perthes . A more refined and later version of handaxe production was found in the Abbeville/Somme River district. The more refined handaxe became known as the Acheulean industry, named after Saint-Acheul , today a suburb of Amiens . It retained some importance into

1564-531: The extra word, toet ( [tut] ), or strenght strengthened by adding mo- or ba- (or both). Somme River The Somme ( UK : / s ɒ m / SOM , US : / s ʌ m / SUM , French: [sɔm] ) is a river in Picardy , northern France . The river is 245 km (152 mi) in length, from its source in the high ground of the former Arrouaise Forest  [ fr ] at Fonsomme near Saint-Quentin , to

1610-417: The influence of Standard Dutch, -s is being used by fewer people, and younger speakers tend to use -en . The verbs zijn ("to be") and hebben ("to have") are also conjugated differently. West Flemish often has a double subject. Standard Dutch has an indefinite article that does not depend on gender, unlike in West Flemish. However, a gender-independent article is increasingly used. Like in English, n

1656-493: The intact commercial spirit of the inhabitants of Abbeville in the last months of the war. Maurois' Ni ange ni bete (Neither Angel, Nor Beast) is also set in Abbeville. Christian Morel de Sarcus  [ fr ] , in his novel Déluges , Éditions Henry, November 2004 (2005 Prix Renaissance), evokes the bombing of 1940 and the floods of the Somme of 2001. The Romans occupied it and named it Abbatis Villa . The name of

1702-556: The martyrdom of the Chevalier de La Barre : When the Knight of La Barre, grandson of a lieutenant general of the armies, young man of great wit and great hope, but with the giddiness of unbridled youth, was convicted of having sung ungodly songs, and even to have passed before a procession of Capuchin without removing his hat, the judges of Abbeville, comparable to the Roman senators, ordered, not only that his tongue be torn out, his hand

1748-516: The north. The Abbot Angilbert built a castle to defend this island, which depended on the Abbey of Saint-Riquier . It was an important fort city responsible for the defense of the Somme. In 992, Hugh Capet fortified the city and gave it to his daughter, Gisèle, on her marriage to Hugh I , Count of Ponthieu who resided in Montreuil. From the 12th century, the Abbot opened a leprosy hospice,

1794-429: The object of repeated attacks by enemy aviation; despite its suffering and its mourning it has kept its patriotic faith intact." (14 August 1920 Olympics) Details: Charles V granted to Abbeville, by letters patent of 19 June 1369, Vincennes, to focus on its coat of arms the chief of France and the motto: "Fidelis". The Mayor's office of Abbeville uses this form, which voluntarily reverse the arms of Ponthieu. The mistake

1840-423: The occupant businesses with a wonderful patriotism. Liberated on 2 September 1944, after severe fighting in streets, which was valiantly attended by its volunteer combatants inflicting severe losses on the enemy. In all circumstances proved worthy of a beautiful past of glory and loyalty to the motherland". (3 June 1948 Olympics) Citation to the order of the army of 12 August 1920: "By its military situation has been

1886-568: The passage of the road from Amiens to the village of Ponches on the one hand, and on the other to the west by the road linking the Beauvaisis in Boulogne-sur-Mer . The couple Abbeville / Saint-Valery-sur-Somme is the key to the historical enigma of the landing of Magnus Maximus and his Britto-Roman troops in the spring of 383 AD (St-Valery = Leuconos > Pors Liogan; Abbeville = Talence > Tolente). The road to Paris passes near

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1932-499: Was 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) on 1 July 1952 and the record low is −17.4 °C (0.7 °F), which occurred during a particularly cold spell on 17 January 1985. Its inhabitants are called Abbevillois in French. The population of the commune is relatively old. Total: 22946 Total: 572445 Abbeville is the seat of the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie d'Abbeville – Picardie maritime  [ fr ] . It manages ports,

1978-484: Was cut off, and his body be burned slowly; but they still applied torture to find out how many songs he had sung, and how many processions he had seen pass the hat on the head. It wasn't in the 13th or 14th century that this adventure came, it was in the 18th. Victor Hugo evoked the trips he made to Abbeville in his accounts of travel. André Maurois , in Les Silences du Colonel Bramble (1918) amusingly described

2024-657: Was the closure of the river port on the Somme River due to excessive silt. It also has cordage factories, carpet factories, and spinning mills. Finally, it also fabricates locks, has breweries, and produces food and, until 2007, sugar, Abbeville was awarded three flowers in 2007 by the Conseil des Villes et Villages Fleuris de France [Council of Floral Cities and Villages of France] in the Contest of floral cities and villages  [ fr ] . Abbeville has featured as

2070-419: Was the first to describe the stones in detail, pointing out in the first publication of its kind, in 1846, that the stones were chipped deliberately by early man , so as to form a tool. These stone tools which are some of the earliest found in Europe, were chipped on both sides so as to form a sharp edge, were known as Abbevillian handaxes or bifaces , but recently the term 'Abbevillian' is becoming obsolete as

2116-580: Was the southern terminus of the Réseau des Bains de Mer , the line to Dompierre-sur-Authie opened on 19 June 1892 and closed on 10 March 1947. Abbeville is located just near the A16 autoroute , and is about 1 hour 50 minutes by car from Paris. Abbeville has an oceanic climate due to its proximity to the ocean. The summers and winters are temperate and rainy, days of snow are fairly common (18 days of snow per year on average). There are 26 days of storm per year with

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