An Abendgymnasium or "evening gymnasium " is a German class of secondary school for adults over the age of 18 which allows them to gain the Abitur . They were started in the 1920s as an opportunity for working class adults to improve their career options.
92-484: To gain access to these schools, the pupils need to be at least 18 years old, needs to have finished at least nine years of school before, and need to have completed vocational training or two years of being a stay-at-home parent. Anyone not fulfilling these requirements would usually attend a standard, day-time gymnasium to gain the Abitur . Evening schools are focused on providing further education for adults who do not have
184-609: A " Begabtenprüfung " ("test of aptitude") are also eligible. Students from other countries who hold a high school leaving certificate that is not counted as being equivalent to the Abitur (such as the American high school diploma) and who do well enough on the ACT or SAT test, may also enter German universities. A person who does not hold the Abitur and did not take an aptitude test may still be admitted to university by completing at least
276-591: A 'colonial power,' maligns not Hamas but the Israeli army as 'terrorists,' and although he avoids the term 'Jewish world conspiracy,' he denounces 'American hegemony,' it is not surprising that, following Hamas terrorism, there was not dismay but joy in the school auditorium. Or, as one student put it: 'Actually, the Jews are to blame themselves for what happened to them.' The school's stance remains indefinable to outsiders and to me, as there have been no public statements from
368-544: A German Fachoberschule , a vocational high school, also introduced in the 1970s. The term Notabitur ('emergency Abitur ' ) describes a qualification used only during World War I and World War II . It was granted to male German Gymnasium students who voluntarily enlisted for military service before graduation as well as young women who were evacuated from the major cities before they could complete their Gymnasium education as planned (approximately three to five million children and teenagers had to be evacuated during
460-686: A German educational official. The final GPA includes grades from both junior and senior years, as well as for the five Abitur exams. The final diploma that students receive after successful completion of these exams allows them to qualify for admission to universities in Germany. Secondary education Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education )
552-481: A Gymnasium, while 40,000 received it at a different kind of school, most notably at Gesamtschulen . If those who obtain the Fachhochschulreife (144,399 in 2012) are also added, then the total of those who obtained the right to study at a university or a Fachhochschule is 395,000 (2021). Until the eighteenth century, every German university had its own entrance examination. In 1788 Prussia introduced
644-465: A basic education. In France, Louis XIV , wrestled the control of education from the Jesuits, Condorcet set up Collèges for universal lower secondary education throughout the country, then Napoleon set up a regulated system of Lycee . In England, Robert Peel 's Factory Act of 1802 required an employer to provide instruction in reading, writing and arithmetic during at least the first four years of
736-483: A cohort of pupils, to one where content is delivered by a series of subject specialists. Its educational aim is to complete provision of basic education (thereby completing the delivery of basic skills) and to lay the foundations for lifelong learning. Lower secondary education is likely to show these criteria: The end of lower secondary education often coincides with the end of compulsory education in countries where that exists. (Upper) secondary education starts on
828-583: A core aspect of their worldview. Is it surprising that they view this ideology as acceptable? That they fail to understand that fantasies of extermination towards Israel and the entire Jewish community in the Middle East represent 'endorsement of terrorist crimes,' as § 282a of the Criminal Code stipulates? When a teacher at the school has published a book with Wilhelm Langthaler, the mastermind behind Palestine Solidarity Austria, who describes Israel as
920-486: A country these can be implemented in different ways, with different age levels and local denominations. The seven levels are: Within this system, Levels 1 and 2 – that is, primary education and lower secondary – together form basic education . Beyond that, national governments may attach the label of secondary education to Levels 2 through 4 together, Levels 2 and 3 together, or Level 2 alone. These level definitions were put together for statistical purposes, and to allow
1012-553: A focus on ensuring girls' full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality. In 1996, the Council of Europe adopted the Revised European Social Charter , which guarantees secondary education. Malala Yousafzai , Nobel Peace Prize winner in a said in a 2017 interview that: "My goal is to make sure every child, girl and boy, they get the opportunity to go to school." "It
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#17327754718461104-577: A given country. Secondary-level education policy should be under continuous review to keep in step with scientific and technological, economic and societal change. Adolescence is associated with a time of significant growth where identity, belongingness, and socialization, especially among peer groups is particularly important. Secondary schools play an important role in youth's socialization, development and forming their ideas and approach to justice , democracy and human rights . Education systems that promote education for justice , that is, respect for
1196-593: A leaving age of 16 for boys preparing for the army or the newer professions, and third-grade targeted at a leaving age of 14 for boys of small tenant farmers, small tradesmen, and superior artisans. This resulted in the Endowed Schools Act 1869 which advocated that girls should enjoy the same education as boys. The Newcastle Commission inquired "into the state of public education in England and to consider and report what measures, if any, are required for
1288-447: A patchy geographical coverage, with two thirds of all towns not having any secondary school. There was no clear conception of the purpose of secondary education. There were only thirteen girls' schools and their tuition was superficial, unorganised and unscientific. They recommended a system of first-grade schools targeted at a leaving age of 18 as preparation for upper and upper-middle-class boys entering university, second-grade targeted at
1380-570: A private or church initiative. With the Great Exhibition of 1851 , it became clear just how far behind the English education system had fallen. Three reports were commissioned to examine the education of upper, middle and labouring class children. The Clarendon Commission sought to improve the nine Great Public Schools. The Taunton Commission looked at the 782 endowed grammar schools (private and public). They found varying quality and
1472-434: A specified range of majors, depending on the specific subjects covered in his Fachabitur examinations. But the graduate is allowed to study for all majors at a Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences, in some ways comparable to polytechnics ). Today, the school leaving certificate is called fachgebundenes Abitur ('restricted subject Abitur ' ). Now the term Fachabitur is used in most parts of Germany for
1564-720: Is compulsory , at least until the age of 16. Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 12. Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 20 and further. Since 1989, education has been seen as a basic human right for a child; Article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child. The terminology has proved difficult, and there
1656-581: Is a public evening school that leads to the Matura examination. It was founded in 1925, making it one of the oldest Abendgymnasiums in Europe. After World War I, preparatory courses for obtaining the secondary school leaving certificate (Mittelschulmatura) were initiated by Wanda Lanzer and apprentices of the Mollardgasse vocational school. In 1925, the "Secondary School Course" received official approval from
1748-894: Is also an all India level examination conducted by Central Board of Secondary education CBSE the certification is known as Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC). During the final examinations ( Abiturprüfungen ), students are tested in four or five subjects (at least one of which is oral). Procedures vary by state . Although some tested subjects are chosen by the student, three areas must be covered: Occasionally, schools (especially berufsorientierte Gymnasien ) offer vocational subjects such as pedagogy , business informatics , biotechnology and mechanical engineering . Final exams are usually taken from March to May or June. Each written basic-level examination takes about three hours; advanced-level examinations take four-and-a-half hours, and written exams are in essay format. Oral examinations last about 20 min. Papers are graded by at least two teachers at
1840-628: Is called the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE); in New South Wales it is called the Higher Schools Certificate (HSC). In India various states name it differently. Each Indian state has its own examination board, some individual states having their own entrance test system. Passing the specified examination qualifies the student to enter into undergraduate program in a university. For example, in
1932-475: Is considered the second and final phase of basic education , and level 3 upper secondary education or senior secondary education is the stage before tertiary education . Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them. Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education , vocational education or employment. In most countries secondary education
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#17327754718462024-550: Is important in Hong Kong and career education in senior secondary schooling in this country is hence provided. Job shadowing is not yet done in their secondary schools however. Each country has developed the form of education most appropriate for them. There is an attempt to compare the effectiveness by using the results from the PISA that, each third year, assesses the scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading of
2116-734: Is in the classrooms of the Christian Doppler Gymnasium in the Lehen district of the city. Abendgymnasium Salzburg was founded in autumn 1957. It is the oldest of the eight Austrian evening high schools with public rights (AHS for working individuals, a special form of high school according to § 37 para. 3 of the School Organisation Act). Classes take place in the evenings and are free of charge. A comprehensive general education, handling of new media, learning foreign languages, and mastering key qualifications are at
2208-405: Is it that we are the ones tolerating such statements on our walls? Why is it that those who should know exactly what it feels like to be confronted with unwarranted hatred are the ones allowing it?" Despite the severity of the situation, neither the headteacher Anneliese Albrecht nor any other school officials commented on or addressed the issue in public. The inaction raised serious concerns about
2300-700: Is neither qualitative (stating what education means) or quantitative saying when it starts and when it is completed. The term secondary is not defined or mentioned. Together this has enabled countries to terminate free, compulsory, basic education at 11 or only continue education past eleven to boys. Article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) stated that primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child. Free education should be provided and financial assistance offered in case of need. In 1990, at Jomtien again tried to define
2392-664: Is offered at schools outside Germany that are accredited by the German government. The five Abitur exams (three written exams and two oral exams) are in the following subjects: German literature, European history or economics or mathematics or a natural science or a language. In February of senior year (grade 12), all students take the written examinations for the German International Abitur in three subjects including German. In late spring, students have mandatory oral examinations in two subjects, which are overseen by
2484-736: Is the " apolytirion " (a kind of high school diploma); in Malta it is the Matriculation Certificate (MATSEC), in Hungary it is called "Érettségi Bizonyítvány" which translates to Matriculation Certificate. In Australia, the graduation certificate awarded to high school students is the Senior Secondary Certificate of Education (SSCE). However, the name of the SSCE varies from state to state. In Victoria, it
2576-414: Is their basic human right, so I will be working on that and I will never stop until I see the last child going to school." In 2017, Human Rights Watch adopted a policy calling on states to take immediate measures to ensure that secondary education is accessible to all free of charge, and compulsory through the end of lower-secondary school. This was a call for secondary education to be included as part of
2668-528: The Abiturreglement , a law, for the first time within Germany, establishing the Abitur as an official qualification. It was later also established in the other German states. In 1834, it became the only university entrance exam in Prussia, and it remained so in all states of Germany until 1998. Since then, the German state of Hesse allows students with Fachhochschulreife (see below) to study at
2760-664: The Hauptschulabschluss and the Realschulabschluss , do not allow their holders to matriculate at a university. Those granted certificates of Hauptschulabschluss or Realschulabschluss can gain a specialized Fachhochschulreife or an Abitur if they graduate from a Berufsschule and then attend Berufsoberschule or graduate from a Fachoberschule . However, the Abitur is not the only path to university studies, as some universities set up their own entrance examinations. Students who successfully passed
2852-503: The Abitur has steadily increased since the 1970s, and younger jobholders are more likely to hold the Abitur than older ones. The percentage of students qualified for tertiary education is still lower than the OECD average. Percentage of students graduating with Abitur or FHR ( Studienberechtigtenquote ): Percentage of 'jobholders' holding Hauptschulabschluss , Realschulabschluss or Abitur in Germany : The International Abitur
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2944-466: The Abitur to consist of written exams including at least two foreign languages (almost always Latin and French, the latter sometimes replaced by English). Students, who received the Notabitur during World War II were offered to re-enter school to prepare for and take the exam after the war had ended. Those special Abitur preparation classes were made up of young adults of different age and sex, which
3036-484: The Abitur usually requires a composite score of at least 50%. Students with a score below that minimum fail and do not receive an Abitur . There are some other conditions that the student also has to meet in order to receive the Abitur : taking mandatory courses in selected subject areas, and limits to the number of failing grades in core subjects. Finally, students often have the option of omitting some courses from their composite score if they have taken more courses than
3128-638: The Fachhochschulreife (FHR) . It was introduced in West Germany in the 1970s together with the Fachhochschulen . It enables the graduate to start studying at a Fachhochschule and, in Hesse, also at a university within that state. In the Gymnasiums of some states it is awarded in the year before the Abitur is reached. However, the normal way to obtain Fachhochschulreife is graduation from
3220-426: The computus as well as the works of the saints' Even at this stage, there was tension, as the church was worried that knowledge of Latin would give the student access to non-Christian texts that it would not wish them to read. Over the centuries leading to the renaissance and reformation the church was the main provider of secondary education. Various invasions and schisms within the controlling church challenged
3312-639: The rule of law (RoL) together with international human rights and fundamental freedoms strengthen the relationship between learners and public institutions with the objective of empowering young people to become champions of peace and justice. Teachers are on the front line of this work and, along with families, play a formative role in shaping the future of youth's attitudes and behaviours. Career and Life Planning Education (CLPE) activities as well as (Career) Development Education take place at secondary schools in Hong Kong . Students' transition from study to work
3404-551: The section below by country . A form of education for adolescents became necessary in all societies that had an alphabet and engaged in commerce. In Western Europe, formal secondary education can be traced back to the Athenian educational reforms of 320BC. Though their civilisation was eclipsed and they were enslaved, Hellenistic Athenian teachers were valued in the Roman system . The Roman and Hellenistic schools of rhetoric taught
3496-799: The 10th grade and doing well on an IQ test (see: Hochbegabtenstudium ). In German, the European Baccalaureate is called europäisches Abitur , and the International Baccalaureate is called internationales Abitur , neither to be confused with the German Abitur . The French-German Baccalaureate is called deutsch-französisches Abitur , and is equivalent both to the German Abitur and to the French Baccalauréat . The term Fachabitur
3588-410: The 1990s, under the directorship of Oskar Achs, the duration of studies was reduced to eight semesters, and a distance learning program was introduced in the winter semester of 2010/11 under Klaus Brandl. With the winter semester of 2014/15, the school moved to Brünner Straße 72, after being located at Henriettenplatz for decades and additionally at Singrienergasse 21 for several years. The current head of
3680-562: The 2013 academic year, initially required participation in some form of education or training until the school year in which the child turned 17, followed by the age being raised to the young person's 18th birthday in 2015. This was referred to as raising the "participation age" to distinguish it from the school leaving age which remains at 16. Thus the UK is following the ISCED Level 3 (Upper) secondary education guideline. The United Nations
3772-538: The Adolescent" (1926) proposed that there should be a break point at eleven, establishing primary schools and secondary schools. The United Nations , founded in 1947, was committed to education for all but the definition was difficult to formulate. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) declared that elementary and fundamental education, which it did not define, was a right to be enjoyed by all. The Education Act 1944 (Butler Act) made sweeping changes to
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3864-588: The Bible into English (1525), Latin became a skill reserved for the catholic church and sons of conservative nobility. Schools started to be set up for the sons of merchants in Europe and the colonies too- for example Boston Latin Grammar School (1635). Comenius (1592–1670), a Moravian protestant proposed a new model of education- where ideas were developed from the familiar to the theoretical rather than through repetition, where languages were taught in
3956-599: The Reformation to come first. The Reformation was about, among other things, allowing the laïty to interpret the Bible in their own way without the intervention of priests, and preferably in the vernacular. This stimulated the foundation of free Grammar schools- who searched for a less constrained curriculum. Colonialisation required navigation, mensuration, languages and administrative skills. The laïty wanted these taught to their sons. After Gutenberg 1455 had mastered moveable metal type printing and Tyndale had translated
4048-507: The Vienna School Board. Arthur Pollak was the pedagogical director of the new institution. In 1939, the evening school was finally dissolved. In 1945, it was re-established as a "Workers' Secondary School" by the social partners. The private school was granted public rights and, in 1960, was declared a federal school by parliamentary resolution. Directors during the reconstruction period were Alfred Bohmann and Ferdinand Hübner. In
4140-482: The ability to learn independently, to work in teams, entrepreneurship and civic responsibility. They may be best instilled through a shared foundational learning period and by deferring the directing of students into academic and vocational streams for as long as possible, and then there should be flexibility to ensure the free movement of students between the streams depending on their aptitudes and inclinations. Accreditation in one stream should have equal recognition in
4232-554: The ages of 12 and 18, although the specific age range may vary depending on the educational system and country. The purpose of secondary education is to provide students with a well-rounded education that prepares them for higher education or the workforce. It aims to develop their intellectual, social, and emotional skills, while also fostering critical thinking, creativity, and independence. The 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) describes seven levels that can be used to compare education internationally. Within
4324-408: The beginning of the 21st century, many states adopted centralized exams. In 2013, all other states except Rheinland-Pfalz also introduced centralized written exams at least in the core subjects (German, mathematics and the first foreign language, usually English). The exams are structured as follows: The Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK) of several states expanded the exams to scientific subjects and
4416-542: The choir. He had to create both the grammar schools that taught Latin, to enable the English to study for the priesthood, and song schools (choir schools) that trained the 'sons of gentlefolk' to sing in cathedral choirs. In the case of Canterbury (597) and Rochester (604), both still exist. Bede in his Ecclesiastical history (732) tells that the Canterbury school taught more than the 'intended reading and understanding of Latin', but 'the rules of metric, astronomy and
4508-417: The completion of basic education, which also is defined as completion of lower secondary education. The educational focus is varied according to the student's interests and future direction. Education at this level is usually voluntary. (Upper) secondary education is likely to show these criteria: More subjects may be dropped, and increased specialism occurs. Completion of (upper) secondary education provides
4600-687: The content basic education and how it should be delivered. 'Basic education' is defined as 'action designed to meet 'basic learning needs'. 'primary schooling' is considered as 'the main delivery system of basic education'. Which is explained in Principals for Action that: addressing the basic learning needs of all means: early childhood care and development opportunities; relevant, quality primary schooling or equivalent out-of-school education for children; and literacy, basic knowledge and life skills training for youth and adults.' The assumption being made that basic knowledge and life skills training for youth
4692-417: The core of the education. The modular course system can be tailored individually to the needs of the students, which may potentially shorten the duration of studies. It is also possible to take the leaving examination in parts, as the curriculum is divided into modules that can be completed consecutively through semester or final examinations. The teaching concept comprises, depending on individual choice, either
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#17327754718464784-522: The coursework for the Abitur at home and only need attend the school two nights a week. Tuition is typically free of charge for Germans at these schools. If the attendee has indirect costs, like having to reduce their work hours to attend school, they can get financial aid through BaföG . These financial aids are not repaid after graduation. In some federal states of Germany, private schools offer Abendgymnasium courses, too. They usually charge between €50 per month and €800 per year. Abendgymnasium Wien
4876-462: The curriculum and widened the intake. With the Reformation the state began taking control of learning from the church, and with Comenius and John Locke education changed from being repetition of Latin text to building up knowledge in the child. Education was for the few. Up to the middle of the 19th century, secondary schools were organised to satisfy the needs of different social classes with
4968-413: The elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. It was assumed that elementary education was basic education —the entitlement for children—and fundamental education was a right for working people, but for a lawyer the definition
5060-468: The entry requirements to Level 5 tertiary education, the entry requirements to technical or vocational education (Level 4, non tertiary course), or direct entry into the workplace. In 2012 the ISCED published further work on education levels where it codified particular paths and redefined the tertiary levels. Lower secondary education and (upper) secondary education could last between two and five years, and
5152-627: The extension of sound and cheap elementary instruction to all classes of the people". It produced 1861 Newcastle Report and this led to the Elementary Education Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) (Forster Act). The school boards set up by the Elementary Education Act 1870 were stopped from providing secondary education by the Cockerton Judgement of 1899. The school leaving age at this time
5244-493: The focus of the schools, and the curriculum and language of instruction waxed and waned. From 1100, With the growth of the towns, grammar schools 'free' of the church were founded, and some church grammar schools were handed over to the laïty. Universities were founded that did not just train students for the priesthood. Whereas in mainland Europe the Renaissance preceded the Reformation , local conditions in England caused
5336-502: The funding of state education using the tripartite system, but was not allowed to tackle private schools. It introduced the GCE 'O'level at 16, and the 'A' at 18, but only raised the school leaving age until 15, making the exam inaccessible to the majority. But one year of ISCED Level 3 (Upper) secondary education was mandatory and free. In 1972 the school leaving was raised to 16. The Education and Skills Act 2008 , when it came into force in
5428-634: The future secondary modern schools . In the " 1904 Regulations for Secondary Schools ", the Board of Education determined that secondary schools should offer : a four year subject-based course leading to a certificate in English language and literature, geography, history, a foreign language, mathematics, science, drawing, manual work, physical training, and, for girls, housewifery. The Education Act 1918 (Fisher Act) extended compulsory full-time education to 14 , and recommended compulsory part-time education from 14 to 18. The Hadlow report, "Education
5520-544: The gathering of comparative data nationally and internationally. They were approved by the UNESCO General Conference at its 29th session in November 1997. Though they may be dated, they do provide a universal set of definitions and remain unchanged in the 2011 update. The start of lower secondary education is characterised by the transition from the single-class-teacher, who delivers all content to
5612-545: The institution's commitment to addressing hate speech and discrimination. Abendgymnasium Salzburg is a state-run general higher education institution for vocational education and second-chance education in the Austrian city of Salzburg. It provides individuals aged 17 and older the opportunity to obtain the school leaving certificate (Evening High School Diploma) and thereby gain full access to universities and universities of applied sciences. The location for face-to-face classes
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#17327754718465704-433: The labouring classes getting four years, the merchant class five years, and the elite getting seven years. The rights to a secondary education were codified after 1945, and some countries are moving to mandatory and free secondary education for all youth under 19. Secondary education refers to the stage of formal education that follows primary education and precedes higher education. It is typically offered to students between
5796-421: The larger cities, serving the families of merchants and tradesmen who embraced change. During the 18th century their social base widened and their curriculum developed, particularly in mathematics and the natural sciences. But this was not universal education and was self-selecting by wealth The industrial revolution changed that. Industry required an educated workforce where all workers needed to have completed
5888-590: The last and second last school year, is the document which contains their grades and formally enables them to attend university . Thus, it encompasses the functions of both a school graduation certificate and a college entrance exam. Abitur confers Allgemeine Hochschulreife (allows students to enter university or Fachhochschule ), while there are other ways of obtaining it. In 2005, some 231,000 students obtained Allgemeine Hochschulreife in Germany. This number rose over time to around 263,000 in 2021. Of those, most obtained their Allgemeine Hochschulreife at
5980-439: The minimum core of the right to education, and seen as an immediate obligation. UNESCO believes that in order to prepare young people for life and work in a rapidly changing world, secondary-level education systems need to be re-oriented to impart a broad repertoire of life-skills. These skills should include the key generic competencies, non occupation-specific practical capabilities, information and communications technology ,
6072-487: The minimum required. The best possible grade of 1.0 can be achieved if the score ranges between 823 and 900 points; the fraction of students achieving this score is normally only around 0.2%–3% even among the already selective population of Abitur candidates. Around 12%–30% of Abitur candidates achieve grades between 1.0 and 1.9. Historically, very few people received their Abitur in Germany because many attractive jobs did not require one. The number of persons holding
6164-418: The other as well as for access to higher education. This will equip young people with multiple skills so that they are prepared to enter and re-enter the workforce several times in their working lives, as wage employees or self-employed entrepreneurs, and to re-train themselves when their skills become obsolete. It recognizes that there is no single model that will suit all countries, or even all communities in
6256-546: The peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations ." The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) declared that elementary and fundamental education was a right to be enjoyed by all, but again could not define either elementary and fundamental education. Article 26 :(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in
6348-402: The period can be categorised in three groups: the nine leading schools, seven of them boarding institutions which maintained the traditional curriculum of the classics, and mostly served 'the aristocracy and the squirearchy' ; most of the old endowed grammar schools serving a broad social base in their immediate localities which also stuck to the old curriculum; the grammar schools situated in
6440-573: The same final exams as pupils of all other public schools. The leaving certificate Abitur then allows them to attend universities. Abitur Abitur ( German: [abiˈtuːɐ̯] ), often shortened colloquially to Abi , is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany . It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3 , usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling (see also, for Germany, Abitur after twelve years ). In German,
6532-502: The school building were revealed to the public. The offensive material was found in various locations, causing significant concern among students. An article written by a teacher of the school in the newspaper "Presse" described the situation, noting that pro-Palestinian activists at the school publicly expressed "aggressive antisemitism:" "On tables, walls, in the hallway, on the toilets, and during lessons, an increasing number of pro-Palestinian activists expressed aggressive antisemitism as
6624-516: The school is Anneliese Albrecht. Prerequisites for attending the school include successfully completing the eighth grade and turning 17 years old by the calendar year of admission. Previous education is individually recognized. Attendance at the Abendgymnasium Wien is free of charge. Class periods last 45 minutes. Most modules are held from 17:55 to 21:20. Since the winter semester of 2010/11, there has been an afternoon schedule, and since
6716-474: The school leadership regarding these inhumane attitudes." A student of the school turned to the school community and reported that "there are still recurring antisemitic incidents at our school that must no longer be tolerated. Statements like “Free Palestine + Fuck Israel” are things that we should never accept. In this evening school, there are probably more students who have already faced racism, prejudice, hostility, and xenophobia than in other schools. So how
6808-460: The school. In some parts of Germany students may prepare a presentation, research paper or participate in a competition, and may take additional oral exams to pass the Abitur if the written exam is poor. Before reunification , Abitur exams were given locally in West Germany , but Bavaria has conducted centralized exams ( Zentralabitur ) since 1854. After reunification, most states of the former East Germany continued centralized exams, and at
6900-539: The seven liberal arts and sciences – grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy – which were regarded as a preparation for the study at a tertiary level of theology, law and medicine. Boys would have been prepared to enter these schools by private tutors at home. Girls would have only received tuition at home. England provides a good case study. When Augustine of Canterbury brought Christianity there in 597, no schools existed. He needed trained priests to conduct church services and boys to sing in
6992-634: The seven years of apprenticeship. The state had accepted responsibility for the basic education of the poor. The provision of school places remained inadequate, so an Order in Council dated 10 April 1839 created the Committee of the Privy Council on Education . There was considerable opposition to the idea that children of all classes should receive basic education, all the initiatives such as industrial schools and Sunday schools were initially
7084-468: The social sciences. The physics and chemistry exams include an experiment that must be performed and analyzed. Each semester of a subject studied in the final two years yields up to 15 points for a student, where advanced courses may count double, depending on the state. The final examinations each count quadruple. The exact scoring system depends on the Bundesland in which one takes Abitur. Passing
7176-497: The states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana this is known as Board of Intermediate Examination (BIE). For professional, specialist programs and well reputed institutions there are entrance tests. For engineering there is a Joint Engineering Entrance Joint Entrance Examination conducted at all India level. For medical undergraduate MBBS programs there is a national eligibility and entrance test known as NEET-UG National Eligibility and Entrance Test conducted at all of India. There
7268-973: The term Abitur has roots in the archaic word Abiturium , which in turn was derived from the Latin abiturus (future active participle of abire , thus "someone who is going to leave"). As a matriculation examination , Abitur can be compared to A levels , the Matura or the International Baccalaureate Diploma , which are all ranked as level 4 in the European Qualifications Framework . The Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife ("certificate of general qualification for university entrance"), often referred to as Abiturzeugnis (" Abitur certificate"), issued after candidates have passed their final exams and have had appropriate grades in both
7360-406: The time to attend during the day. Classes are usually held after 17:30, although some classes may be held in the mornings for parents with school-age children. Lessons are taught in a similar fashion to those at a typical German gymnasium and students will often remain at the school for four years before taking their final exams. Some institutions allow for online learning whereby students can complete
7452-477: The traditional form of evening high school with on-site classes from Monday to Friday, or distance learning, where joint classes (presence evenings) take place two evenings a week. The core teaching hours usually run from 6:45 pm to 9:55 pm; in some cases, classes may start a bit earlier. The school also offers scholarships and financial support. The courses consist of three main fields: Additional sports courses are voluntary. The attendees of evening schools write
7544-488: The transition between two often would be when students were allowed some subject choice. Terminology for secondary schools varies by country, and the exact meaning of any of these varies. Secondary schools may also be called academies , colleges , gymnasiums , high schools , lyceums , middle schools , preparatory schools , sixth-form colleges , upper schools , or vocational schools , among other names. For further information about nomenclature, see
7636-694: The universities within that state. The academic level of the Abitur is comparable to the International Baccalaureate , the GCE Advanced Level and the Advanced Placement tests . The study requirements for the International Baccalaureate differ little from the German exam requirements. It is the only school-leaving certificate in all states of Germany that allows the graduate (or Abiturient ) to move directly to university . The other school leaving certificates,
7728-453: The vernacular and supported universal education. In his Didactica Magna (Great Didactic), he outlined a system of schools that is the exact counterpart of many western school systems: kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school, six-form college, university. Locke 's Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) stressed the importance of a broader intellectual training, moral development and physical hardening. The grammar schools of
7820-490: The war ). The Notabitur during World War I included an examination, roughly equivalent to the Abitur exam. The World War II Notabitur , in contrast, was granted without an examination. After the war this was a major disadvantage for the students concerned since, unlike its World War I counterpart, the certificate was generally not recognised in West Germany and never recognised in East Germany . Universities requested
7912-422: The winter semester of 2014/15, there has been a morning schedule (starting at 10:05). In addition to English, foreign languages offered include Latin, French, Spanish, and Turkish. Since January 2022, the proposal to introduce Hebrew and Arabic as additional foreign languages has been under discussion. In 2024 Abendgymnasium Wien faced allegations of tolerating antisemitism when antisemitic drawings and slurs within
8004-473: Was 10. The Judgement prompted the Education Act 1902 (Balfour Act). Compulsory education was extended to 12. The new local education authorities (LEA)s that were formed from the school boards; started to open higher grade elementary schools (ISCED Level2) or county schools to supplement the endowed grammar schools. These LEAs were allowed to build second-grade secondary schools that in the main became
8096-403: Was no universal definition before ISCED divided the period between primary education and university into junior secondary education and upper secondary education. In classical and medieval times, secondary education was provided by the church for the sons of nobility and to boys preparing for universities and the priesthood. As trade required navigational and scientific skills, the church expanded
8188-506: Was strong in its commitment to education for all but fell into linguistic difficulty defining that right. "Article I: Purposes and functions 1. The purpose of the Organization is to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among the nations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for
8280-560: Was the function of secondary education. This was codified by the ISCED documents. The Dakar Framework for Action 2010 goal 2 states: Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory (primary in the sense basic) education of good quality. The Dakar Framework for Action 2010 goal 5 states: Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with
8372-400: Was used in all of Western Germany for a variation of the Abitur until the 1990s; the official term for the German qualification is fachgebundene Hochschulreife . This qualification includes only one foreign language (usually, English). The Abitur , in contrast, usually requires two foreign languages. The Fachabitur also allows the graduate to start studying at a university but is limited to
8464-767: Was very unusual at the time. The equivalent graduation certificate in the Czech Republic , Austria , Poland , Italy and other countries of continental Europe is the Matura ; while in England, Wales , Northern Ireland , Singapore , and the West Indies , it is A-levels ; in Scotland it is Higher Grade ; in the Republic of Ireland it is the Leaving Certificate ; in Greece and Cyprus it
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