47-758: The Adelaide Botanic Garden is a 51-hectare (130-acre) public garden at the north-east corner of the Adelaide city centre , in the Adelaide Park Lands . It encompasses a fenced garden on North Terrace (between Lot Fourteen , the site of the old Royal Adelaide Hospital , and the National Wine Centre ) and behind it the Botanic Park (adjacent to the Adelaide Zoo ). Work was begun on the site in 1855, with its official opening to
94-487: A toolshed , but was brought into service for the 2020 Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art to house an art installation by Yhonnie Scarce called In the Dead House . The work references the practices of "body-shoppers", who traded in whole or parts of dead bodies. Among other scientific and educational displays of native and international horticulture , the gardens hold one of the earliest propagated specimens of
141-427: A commitment to ongoing support of the museum's exhibition program. Much of the collection originally on display in 1881 was reinstated, including a collection of papier mache and stucco replicas of various fruits and fungi. A space for temporary exhibitions within the museum was created by Khai Liew Design. Displays of Aboriginal artefacts, a subject neglected by the original museum, were prepared in collaboration with
188-612: A diverse range of native wildlife. The entity known as "Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of South Australia" includes three public gardens: Adelaide Botanic Garden; Wittunga Botanic Garden; and Mount Lofty Botanic Garden, as well as the State Herbarium and South Australian Seed Conservation Centre. and administered by the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, a State Government statutory authority , based on
235-428: A large number of medium to low density apartments , townhouses and detached houses which make up the residential portion of the city centre. The layout of Adelaide, sometimes referred to as "Light's Vision", features a cardinal direction grid pattern of wide streets and terraces and five large public squares: Victoria Square in the centre of the city, and Hindmarsh , Light , Hurtle and Whitmore Squares in
282-577: A number of prominent settlers after themselves, after early directors of the South Australian Company , after Colonisation Commissioners of South Australia (appointed by the British government to oversee implementation of the acts that established the colony), and after various notables involved in the establishment of the colony. The Street Naming Committee comprised: All members of the committee (except Stephens) had one or more of
329-651: A rustic temple modelled on the Museum of Economic Botany at Kew Gardens in England, with the design imitating the Parthenon in Athens. Francis gave lectures in the lecture room there each Tuesday. Hakea francisiana , an Australian shrub that grows to 4 metres (13 ft), is named after him. After his retirement shortly before his death in 1865, Francis was succeeded by botanist Moritz Richard Schomburgk , brother to
376-661: Is a stop on the Glenelg tram line on North Terrace outside the Botanic Garden. This is the last stop on the BTANIC line, which runs to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre , and trips are free on this line. The Adelaide Botanic Garden features in the 2023 film Emotion Is Dead , written and directed by Pete Williams . Adelaide city centre Adelaide city centre ( Kaurna : Tarndanya )
423-869: Is known as "Mad March", due to the large number of other cultural festivities at the same time, including the Adelaide 500 and WOMADelaide . North Terrace is considered Adelaide's "cultural boulevard" because it is home to the State Library of South Australia , the South Australian Museum , the Migration Museum , the Art Gallery of South Australia , the University of Adelaide , the city campus of University of South Australia , and several smaller galleries. Lonely Planet labelled Adelaide "Australia's live music city", and
470-619: Is the inner city locality of Greater Adelaide , the capital city of South Australia . It is known by locals simply as "the City" or "Town" to distinguish it from Greater Adelaide and from the City of Adelaide local government area (which also includes North Adelaide and from the Park Lands around the whole city centre). The residential population was 18,202 in the 2021 census , with a local worker population of 130,404 . Adelaide city centre
517-898: The Art Gallery of South Australia , the State Library of South Australia , the South Australian Museum , the Migration Museum , the Adelaide Botanic Garden , the University of Adelaide and the "CityEast" campus of the UniSA The population was 18,202 in the 2021 census , 41 percent born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China 15.7%, India 3.7%, England 3.6%, Malaysia 3.6%, and Hong Kong 2.7%. 49.1% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 17.8%, Cantonese 4.2%, Vietnamese 2%, Hindi 1.5%, and Korean 1.5%. The most common response for religion in Adelaide
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#1732780837715564-691: The Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Act 1978 and Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Regulations 2007 . Lucy Sutherland was appointed as the Director in 2016. In July 2021, Michael Harvey commenced as Director. The gardens receive funding from the Government of South Australia , supplemented by sponsorship and community donations administered by the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation. Funds are raised for
611-573: The British colonisation of South Australia , the Adelaide Plains , on which Adelaide was built, were home to the Kaurna group of Aboriginal Australians . The colony of South Australia was established in 1836 at Glenelg , and the city itself established in 1837. The location and characteristic grid layout of the city and North Adelaide, as well as the surrounding parklands, were the result of
658-445: The Kaurna language to each place, was mostly completed in 2003, and the renaming of 39 sites finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. The City of Adelaide Council has defined a number of neighbourhood precincts in the city centre, each with a character of their own: In addition to these, the north-eastern side of North Terrace is often referred to as the "North Terrace cultural precinct" or "cultural boulevard", and includes
705-577: The Kaurna people as the red kangaroo dreaming ( Tarndanyangga ), but at that time it was being used as paddocks for police horses. Francis was responsible for establishing the perimeter, solving the flooding problems and landscaping North Terrace to blend well with the entrance to the garden. In October 1855 he presented his first progress report, including a plan of Regent's Park in London as an example of circular garden design that he thought could be adapted for Adelaide. Francis and his family moved into
752-591: The River Murray , a new wetlands system was constructed south of the Bicentennial Conservatory to hold stormwater diverted from First Creek . The wetlands form part of an aquifer storage and recovery system which is expected to have a usable capacity of 100 megalitres (22,000,000 imp gal) per year, enough to water the entire Botanic Garden. The project was launched in March 2011 and
799-542: The South Australian Museum . The museum is notable for the completeness of its preservation. The building, its interior decoration, showcases, collections and even many labels have survived from as early as 1865. The museum is on the Register of State Heritage Items, the Register of the City of Adelaide Heritage Items, and has been classified by the National Trust of Australia . The administrative headquarters of
846-564: The Wollemi Pine tree, which was discovered as recently as 1994. As part of Adelaide's celebration of the Australian Bicentenary , the conservatory was constructed in 1987 and opened in late 1989. The building was designed by local architect Guy Maron and has won awards for its design, engineering and landscaping. It is 100 metres (328 ft) long, 47 metres (154 ft) wide and 27 metres (89 ft) high making it
893-628: The Adelaide Lunatic Asylum, and later used by the Parkside Lunatic Asylum , still stands. The Adelaide Lunatic Asylum opened in 1852 in the grounds of the Royal Adelaide Hospital, just east of the buildings, was closed in 1873 and demolished in 1938 after the land was handed over to the Botanic Garden. The old morgue building, labelled on a nearby plaque as "Mortuary", has recently been in use as
940-488: The Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Swainsona (2017-, Volume 30-). This was previously published as Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens (1976-2016, Volumes 1-29). The journal has a focus on Australasian taxa. The demolition of a couple of non-heritage buildings in the old Royal Adelaide Hospital site has meant that parts of the garden need to be blocked for safety reasons. There
987-602: The Botanic Garden are located in the historic Goodman building, at the Hackney Road entrance on the eastern side of the gardens. This was built in 1909 as the headquarters of the Municipal Tramways Trust , and named for its longtime Chief Engineer and General Manager W. G. T. Goodman . The adjacent Tram Barn A has been converted to hold the State Herbarium . The old morgue built in 1882 for
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#17327808377151034-668: The British Empire. In 1854 the present site was recommended to the government by the Society and George William Francis (who had begun appealing to the Governor Sir Henry Young soon after his arrival in 1849 to establish the garden), and Francis was appointed superintendent of the garden in 1855. In January 1855 the Legislative Council finally approved the site. The land was held sacred by
1081-609: The German naturalist Robert Hermann Schomburgk . He was a major advocate for the establishment of forest reserves in the increasingly denuded South Australian countryside. Schomburgk's successor, M. W. Holtze I.S.O., did much to make the gardens more attractive to the general public. Holtze retired in 1917 and was succeeded by John Frederick Bailey , grandson of John Bailey (mentioned above) and son of Frederick Manson Bailey . He proved so successful that public service regulations were waived to extend his directorship (and occupancy of
1128-506: The Lodge) past mandatory retirement age. The Palm, or Tropical, House is a Victorian-era glasshouse located to the west of the main lake. It was designed by the German architect Gustav Runge [ de ] (1822-1900) and imported from Bremen, Germany in 1875. It was opened in 1877 and was restored in 1995 and 2018. It is the second-oldest glasshouse in Australia, and the only known one of German manufacture from that period left in
1175-459: The centres of each of the four quadrants of the Adelaide city centre. These squares occupy 32 of the 700 numbered town acre allotments on Light's plan. All east–west roads change their names as they cross King William Street, except for North and South terraces. They also alternate between being wide and narrow, 99 and 66 feet (30 and 20 m), except for the central Grote and Wakefield which are extra-wide, 132 feet (40 m), along with
1222-432: The city retains a notable portion of Victorian architecture. Adelaide is separated from its greater metropolitan area by a ring of public parklands on all sides. The so-called "square mile" within the park lands is defined by a small area of high rise office and apartment buildings in the centre north, around King William Street , which runs north-to-south through the centre. Surrounding this central business district are
1269-745: The city was recognised as a " City of Music " by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in 2015. Although there were many pubs hosting live music in the CBD in past, the number has slowly diminished. Two remain very popular with musicians and patrons alike: Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth Hobart Darwin Canberra 34°55′43″S 138°36′00″E / 34.92861°S 138.60000°E / -34.92861; 138.60000 John Frederick Bailey John Frederick Bailey (5 August 1866 – 19 May 1938)
1316-571: The conservatory was abolished, despite rising energy costs and budget cuts resulting in the building no longer being heated. Begun in 1996, the National Rose Trial Garden is the first garden of its kind in Australia where roses are tested for their suitability for Australian climates. The garden is a joint venture between the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide, the National Rose Trial Society of Australia and
1363-408: The largest single span conservatory in the southern hemisphere . The conservatory originally housed at-risk or endangered tropical rainforest plants from northern Australia, Papua New Guinea , Indonesia and south Pacific Islands . However, in early 2012, a controversial decision was announced to remove tropical plants from the conservatory due to rising power costs. In April 2012, the entry fee to
1410-599: The map of Adelaide, Colonel William Light intended for the planned city to have a "botanical garden". To this end, he designated a naturally occurring ait that had formed in the course of the River Torrens , in what is now the West Parklands. However attempts to establish a garden were abandoned owing to frequent flooding of the area. After second attempt had failed, the northern bank of the Torrens, opposite
1457-433: The present location of the Adelaide Zoo , was considered, and it was here in 1839 that John Bailey , an experienced gardener, made a third attempt, but no funding was offered. The South Australian Agricultural and Horticultural Society (formed 1842) and other groups continued to press for the creation of a public garden. The public were aware of the economic and scientific benefits of such a garden, already seen elsewhere in
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1504-493: The public on 4 October 1857. The Adelaide Botanic Garden and adjacent State Herbarium of South Australia , together with the Wittunga Botanic Garden and Mount Lofty Botanic Garden , comprise the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of South Australia , administered by the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, a state government statutory authority. From the first official survey carried out for
1551-591: The purposes of "scientific research, education, acquisition and maintenance of living collections and for the long-term financial security of the Gardens." The foundation is the trustee of the not-for-profit Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation Fund. As of 2019, the garden received support from "program partners" Santos and Electranet , an NFP and a private sponsor. There were also a number of supporting partners". The State Herbarium of South Australia publishes an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal on behalf of
1598-433: The rose industry. It has been built on part of the former Municipal Tramways Trust Hackney Depot. Roses are planted in groups such as, noisette roses, bourbon roses, tea roses, ramblers, and perpetual roses. A trial is conducted over two growing seasons and all plants are treated equally with regard to horticultural practices. The roses are judged by a panel of 10 experienced rosarians who examine them and allocate points over
1645-732: The seat has been held by Lucy Hood of the Labor party. Adelaide's cultural and entertainment precincts/venues are generally concentrated in the city centre, including the Convention Centre ; the Adelaide Oval is just north of the Torrens within the parklands and easily accessible from the city. Most of the events relating to the Adelaide Festival and Adelaide Fringe are held within Adelaide's city centre and surrounding parklands during February and March. This time
1692-490: The streets and squares in the Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide named after themselves. Brown Street, named for John Brown, was subsequently subsumed as a continuation of Morphett Street in 1967. In the same year, Hanson Street, named for Richard Hanson , was subsumed as a continuation of Pulteney Street . The squares were named after: The east–west streets named on 22 December 1836 were: Most of these people did not reside in or visit South Australia. The naming of
1739-415: The streets was completed on 23 May 1837 and gazetted on 3 June. East–west streets: North–south streets: The Adelaide City Council began the process of dual naming all of the city squares, each of the parks making up the parklands which surround the city centre and North Adelaide , and other sites of significance to the Kaurna people in 1997. The naming process, which assigned an extra name in
1786-542: The superintendent's cottage in 1856, and the Garden was opened to the public on 4 October 1857. In 1860 the Botanic Garden Act was enacted, which established the Board of Governors, with Francis as Director. The site at that time included the present Botanic Garden, Botanic Park and Adelaide Zoo. A pagoda was built in 1863, and Francis established the first herbarium and botanical library in Adelaide in 1864,
1833-532: The surrounding four terraces. In the south half of the city, in several places the Adelaide City Council has constructed wide footpaths and road markings to restrict traffic to a lesser number of lanes than the full width of the road could support. The street pairs, design widths, and town acres in Light's Vision are illustrated in this diagram: The streets and squares were named by a committee of
1880-552: The two growing seasons. The results are announced publicly at the end of the trial and the best performing roses receive an award. While in Adelaide in 2004, Sir Cliff Richard planted a rose named 'Sir Cliff Richard' in the Rose Garden surrounded by a small group of fans and rose enthusiasts. Sales of the rose support the Bone Growth Foundation. In order to reduce the garden's reliance on potable water from
1927-401: The work of Colonel William Light (1786–1839), who was the first Surveyor General of South Australia . The area where the Adelaide city centre now exists was once known as "Tarndanya", the Kaurna word for as "male red kangaroo rock", which was the name used for an area along the south bank of what is now known as the River Torrens ( Karrawiri Pari ), which flows through Adelaide. Adelaide
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1974-630: The world", it is located within the gardens a short distance to the west of the Goodman Building. Built in Greek Revival style and opened in May 1881, the building and its interior was extensively restored during 2008–09. The restoration works were assisted by a grant from the Government of Australia for $ 1.125 million and sponsorship by South Australian oil and gas company, Santos . The sponsorship arrangement also included naming rights and
2021-401: The world, all others having been destroyed during World War II. Originally housing tropical flora, due to corrosion problems, since the early 1990s it has held a collection of Malagasy arid flora. The Museum of Economic Botany is dedicated to the collection and interpretation of "useful" plants. It was established by Schomburgk in 1879. Described as "the last purpose-built colonial museum in
2068-660: Was " No Religion " at 52.9% of the population. At federal level, Adelaide is within the Division of Adelaide , a marginal seat which historically has alternated between the Liberal and Labor parties. It has been held since 2019 by Steve Georganas of the Labor party. In the South Australian House of Assembly , Adelaide is within the Electoral district of Adelaide . Since the March 2022 state election,
2115-403: Was not as badly affected by the 1860s economic depression in Australia as other gold rush cities like Sydney and Melbourne , allowing it to prosper. Historian F.W. Crowley noted that the city was full of elite upper-class citizens which provided a stark contrast to the grinding poverty of the labour areas and slums outside the inner city ring. Due to its historic wealth during the 20th century,
2162-519: Was opened in November 2013. One significant purpose of the wetlands is to educate the public on the importance of wetlands, and to showcase plants which may never otherwise have been encountered by visitors. The area accommodates about 20,000 plants, including many Australian natives. The 2.6-hectare (6.4-acre) site also features a trail of interpretive signage, tiered garden beds showcasing aquatic plants and three large ponds with reed-beds which support
2209-435: Was planned in 1837 on a greenfield site following a grid layout , with streets running at right angles to each other. It covers an area of 4.33 square kilometres (1.67 square miles) and is surrounded by 6.68 square kilometres (2.58 square miles) of park lands. Within the city are five parks: Victoria Square in the exact centre and four other, smaller parks. Names for elements of the city centre are as follows: Before
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