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27-437: Agattu has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International . It has seven large seabird colonies , and an estimated population of 66,000 birds. About 1% of the global population of red-faced cormorants and tufted puffins nest on the island. Other inhabitants include rock sandpiper , red-necked phalarope , grey-crowned rosy finch and snow bunting . Aleutian cackling geese were reintroduced to

54-500: A Red Data Book was suggested by Peter Scott in 1963. Initially the Red Data Lists were designed for specialists and were issued in a loose-leaf format that could be easily changed. The first two volumes of Red Lists were published in 1966 by conservationist Noel Simon, one for mammals and one for birds. The third volume that appeared covered reptiles and amphibians. It was created by René E. Honegger in 1968. In 1970,

81-481: A population of a species categorized by the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered , Endangered or Vulnerable . In general, the regular presence of a Critical or Endangered species, irrespective of population size, at a site may be sufficient for a site to qualify as an IBA. For Vulnerable species, the presence of more than threshold numbers at a site is necessary to trigger selection. The site forms one of

108-429: A set selected to ensure that all restricted-range species of an Endemic Bird Area (EBA) or a Secondary Area (SA) are present in significant numbers in at least one site and preferably more. The site forms one of a set selected to ensure adequate representation of all species restricted to a given biome, both across the biome as a whole and for all of its species in each range state. The assessment by expert individuals

135-743: A species, group of species or specific geographic area, or in the case of BirdLife International, an entire class ( Aves ). The red list unit works with staff from the IUCN Global Species Programme as well as current program partners to recommend new partners or networks to join as new Red List Authorities. The number of species which have been assessed for the Red List has been increasing over time. As of 2023, of 150,388 species surveyed, 42,108 are considered at risk of extinction because of human activity, in particular overfishing , hunting , and land development . The idea for

162-474: A volcanic terrain. Igneous rocks are sparsely represented by intrusions of porphyry, diabase, and trap. The entire island has been heavily glaciated. Archeological excavations have discovered evidence and remains of Aleuts living on Agattu Island as early as 760 BCE. Based on the number of simultaneously inhabited archeological sites on the island, experts have estimated that the pre-contact population may have reached 500-1000 individuals. After Russian contact with

189-618: Is completely lacking. In 1985, following a specific request from the European Economic Community , Birdlife International drew up a list of sites to be protected as a matter of priority. In 1989, a repertoire of IBAs of Europe was released. At first the official name of this type of site was Important Bird Area , hence the acronym IBA, then at the BirdLife World Congress held in Canada in 2014 it

216-481: Is however not entirely reliable and a study in South America found that the coverage needed for at-risk bird conservation as chosen by computational algorithms rarely overlapped with IBAs and suggested that such methods should be used to complement expert driven IBA site choices. IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species , also known as

243-680: Is used by Birdlife International , the Red List Authority for birds for the IUCN Red List. BirdLife International has recommended PE become an official tag for Critically Endangered species, and this has now been adopted, along with a "Possibly Extinct in the Wild" tag for species with populations surviving in captivity but likely to be extinct in the wild. There have been a number of versions, dating from 1991, including: All new IUCN assessments since 2001 have used version 3.1 of

270-402: The IUCN Red List or Red Data Book , founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species . A series of Regional Red Lists , which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations. The goals of the Red List are to provide scientifically based information on

297-702: The World Conservation Monitoring Centre , and many Specialist Groups within the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC). Collectively, assessments by these organizations and groups account for nearly half the species on the Red List. The IUCN aims to have the category of every species re-evaluated at least every ten years, and every five years if possible. This is done in a peer reviewed manner through IUCN Species Survival Commission Specialist Groups (SSC), which are Red List Authorities (RLA) responsible for

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324-524: The western lowland gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) and the Cross River gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla diehli ) from endangered to critically endangered , which is the last category before extinct in the wild , due to Ebola virus and poaching , along with other factors. Russ Mittermeier , chief of Swiss -based IUCN's Primate Specialist Group, stated that 16,306 species are endangered with extinction, 188 more than in 2006 (total of 41,415 species on

351-772: The 5,487 mammals on Earth are known to be threatened with extinction, and 836 are listed as Data Deficient . The Red List of 2012 was released 19 July 2012 at Rio+20 Earth Summit ; nearly 2,000 species were added, with 4 species to the extinct list, 2 to the rediscovered list. The IUCN assessed a total of 63,837 species which revealed 19,817 are threatened with extinction. 3,947 were described as "critically endangered" and 5,766 as "endangered", while more than 10,000 species are listed as "vulnerable". At threat are 41% of amphibian species, 33% of reef-building corals, 30% of conifers, 25% of mammals, and 13% of birds. The IUCN Red List has listed 132 species of plants and animals from India as "Critically Endangered". Species are classified by

378-668: The Aleutians in 1751, the population on Agattu declined precipitously. Russian traders would stay multiple years at a time in the Near islands hunting sea otter. Interactions with the Aleuts were sometimes violent. A veteran Russian navigator was killed by the locals on Agattu in 1761. By the 1760s, all Near Islanders had moved into a single village on Attu Island . During World War II, the villagers of Attu were interned in Japan and at war's end

405-404: The IUCN Red List into nine groups, specified through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. There is an emphasis on the acceptability of applying any criteria in the absence of high quality data including suspicion and potential future threats, "so long as these can reasonably be supported". In

432-431: The IUCN Red List, " threatened " embraces the categories of Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable. The older 1994 list has only a single "Lower Risk" category which contained three subcategories: In the 2001 framework, Near Threatened and Least Concern became their own categories, while Conservation Dependent was removed and its contents merged into Near Threatened . The tag of "possibly extinct" (PE)

459-593: The IUCN published its fifth volume in this series. This was the first Red Data List which focused on plants ( angiosperms only), compiled by Ronald Melville . The final volume of Red Data List created in the older, loose leaf style was volume 4 on freshwater fishes. This was published in 1979 by Robert Rush Miller . The first attempt to create a Red Data Book for a nonspecialist public came in 1969 with The Red Book: Wildlife in Danger . This book covered varies groups but

486-535: The November 2002 issue of Trends in Ecology & Evolution , an article suggested that the IUCN Red List and similar works are prone to misuse by governments and other groups that draw possibly inappropriate conclusions on the state of the environment or to affect exploitation of natural resources . In the November 2016 issue of Science Advances , a research article claims there are serious inconsistencies in

513-878: The Red List). The Red List includes the Sumatran orangutan ( Pongo abelii ) in the Critically Endangered category and the Bornean orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) in the Endangered category. The 2008 Red List was released on 6 October 2008 at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona and "confirmed an extinction crisis, with almost one in four [mammals] at risk of disappearing forever". The study shows at least 1,141 of

540-437: The categories and criteria. In 1997, the IUCN Red List received criticism on the grounds of secrecy (or at least poor documentation) surrounding the sources of its data. These allegations have led to efforts by the IUCN to improve its documentation and data quality, and to include peer reviews of taxa on the Red List. The list is also open to petitions against its classifications, on the basis of documentation or criteria. In

567-616: The island after foxes were eliminated from the island in the 1970s. The elimination of the foxes on the island also made it possible for conservationists to reintroduce the Evermann's rock ptarmigan ( Lagopus muta evermanni ). In 2006 there were reports of at least 25 breeding pairs of the ptarmigan on the island. Agattu is unique among the volcanic Aleutian Islands in being composed almost entirely of well-bedded sedimentary rocks. These rocks were clearly deposited in water and are composed chiefly of amorphous silica and fine detritus derived from

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594-554: The status of species and subspecies at a global level, to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Major species assessors include BirdLife International , the Institute of Zoology (the research division of the Zoological Society of London ),

621-578: The surrounding habitat. In the United States the program is administered by the National Audubon Society . Often IBAs form part of a country's existing protected area network, and so are protected under national legislation. Legal recognition and protection of IBAs that are not within existing protected areas varies within different countries. Some countries have a National IBA Conservation Strategy, whereas in others protection

648-626: The survivors were resettled on Atka Island . 52°26′07″N 173°34′32″E  /  52.43528°N 173.57556°E  / 52.43528; 173.57556 Important Bird Area An Important Bird and Biodiversity Area ( IBA ) is an area identified using an internationally agreed set of criteria as being globally important for the conservation of bird populations. IBA was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife International . There are over 13,000 IBAs worldwide. These sites are small enough to be entirely conserved and differ in their character, habitat or ornithological importance from

675-401: The way species are classified by the IUCN. The researchers contend that the IUCN's process of categorization is "out-dated, and leaves room for improvement", and further emphasize the importance of readily available and easy-to-include geospatial data, such as satellite and aerial imaging. Their conclusion questioned not only the IUCN's method but also the validity of where certain species fall on

702-408: Was decided to adopt the name Important Bird and Biodiversity Area , without changing the acronym. IBAs are determined by an internationally agreed set of criteria. Specific IBA thresholds are set by regional and national governing organizations. To be listed as an IBA, a site must satisfy at least one of the following rating criteria: The site qualifies if it is known, estimated or thought to hold

729-541: Was predominantly about mammals and birds, with smaller sections on reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and plants. The 2006 Red List, released on 4 May 2006 evaluated 40,168 species as a whole, plus an additional 2,160 subspecies , varieties , aquatic stocks , and subpopulations . On 12 September 2007, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) released the 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . In this release, they have raised their classification of both

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