81-467: Air Serbia (stylised as AirSERBIA ; Serbian : Ер Србија / Er Srbija ) is the flag carrier of Serbia . The company's headquarters is located in Belgrade , Serbia, and its main hub is Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport . The airline was known as Jat Airways until it was renamed and rebranded in 2013. Air Serbia originated in 1927 when the first Serbian company for civil air transport Aeroput
162-464: A Boeing 747-400F and Boeing 747-8F , both leased from Atlas Air but operated in full Etihad Cargo colours. In January 2018, Etihad announced it would retire and either sell or lease out its five relatively new Airbus A330-200F freighters due to a change in strategy and reduction of freight capacity. In August 2018, it was announced that all five A330 freighters had been sold to DHL Aviation . Etihad Cargo delivered 368,000 tonnes of cargo in 2012,
243-495: A controlling interest of 51% and hold five of nine monitoring committee seats in the company. Jat Airways was then reorganized and renamed Air Serbia in October 2013. It launched its inaugural flight from Belgrade to Abu Dhabi on 26 October 2013. On 23 June 2016, Air Serbia's non-stop flights between Belgrade and New York commenced using an Airbus A330-200 leased from Etihad partner, Jet Airways . This transatlantic service became
324-673: A deal with Aleksandar Vučić , the First Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia, in Belgrade, granting Etihad a 49% stake in the Serbian national carrier Jat Airways . The Serbian government retained 51% of the shares, with the company was rebranded as Air Serbia . In September 2012, the Indian government announced that foreign airlines could hold up to 49% stake in Indian carriers. On 24 April 2013, Jet Airways announced it
405-455: A fleet of 85 Airbus and Boeing aircraft as of January 2024. Its main base is at Zayed International Airport . In addition to its main activity of passenger transportation, Etihad also operates Etihad Holidays and Etihad Cargo. The airline established its airline alliance, Etihad Airways Partners, in October 2015. It ceased operations in 2018 after several of its members fell into financial difficulties. Etihad held minority investments in
486-448: A fleet of three Boeing 737-300s under Air Serbia's IATA airline code (JU). The majority of Aviolet charter flights were operated during the peak holiday season, which runs from June to September. The first Aviolet-branded flight took off from Belgrade on 4 May 2014, flying to Antalya . As of 2021, Aviolet is defunct as the charter operations were taken over by Air Serbia itself. Formerly known as SU-Port, Air Serbia Ground Services (ASGS)
567-700: A permanent replacement. On 9 January 2018, Etihad Airways appointed Mark Powers as Group CFO, replacing interim Group CFO Ricky Thirion. On 2 July 2017, the United States Department of Homeland Security lifted the electronics ban on Etihad Airways after the airline enhanced its passenger screening processes. In June 2018 Etihad reported a net loss of US$ 1.52 billion for 2017. In February 2019, Etihad announced large order cancellations for both Airbus and Boeing aircraft. The airline terminated contracts for all 42 Airbus A350-900s, 2 A350-1000s and 19 of 24 ordered Boeing 777X . On 1 May 2021 it
648-506: A pilot-training academy in Belgrade and Vršac. The continual growth of the company was disrupted by the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. JAT became a public company on 29 February 1992 and continued its role as the flag carrier of the FR Yugoslavia . In 2003, the country was renamed Serbia and Montenegro, and that same year the company was renamed Jat Airways. In 2006, Montenegro declared independence and Jat Airways became
729-462: A record-breaking first-half profitability of $ 296 million. This was achieved due to the increased passenger travel demand. Etihad carried 3 million more passengers in the first half of 2022, compared to the first half of 2021. In October 2022 Etihad Airways was transferred ownership over to Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund ADQ . Etihad, Wizz Air Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi Airports , Etihad Holidays and more were all brought into common ownership. Although
810-547: A royal (Amiri) decree that established Etihad Airways as a national airline of the United Arab Emirates . Sheikh Ahmed bin Saif Al Nahyan founded the airline and utilised AED 500 million of start-up capital. Services were launched with a ceremonial flight to Al Ain on 5 November 2003. On 12 November 2003, Etihad commenced commercial operations by launching services to Beirut , Lebanon. In June 2004,
891-415: A seating capacity increase of 12%. On 24 January 2018, the carrier announced the introduction of a new pricing model that would create four fare types in an effort to unbundle its fares. Passengers can choose from four fare types, with each fare type determining luggage allowance, priority boarding, fast track through the airport, travel date changes, and other entitlements. On 1 March 2018, Air Serbia opened
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#1732780888132972-593: A tonnage growth of 19 percent on the back of a capacity increase of 14 percent in available tonnage kilometres. Etihad's new facility at Zayed International Airport is equipped to handle more than 500,000 tonnes annually. In September 2018, Etihad Cargo announced a revised and heavily downsized network of cargo destinations to reflect the reduced fleet and a focus on core freight operations. As of June 2023, Etihad serves 81 passenger and cargo destinations across Africa, Europe, North America, Asia and Australia from its hub at Zayed International Airport . Until terminating
1053-569: A two-state carrier until Oman's exit in 2007 in order to focus on Oman Air and today, Gulf Air is solely owned by Bahrain. Etihad means "union" or "unity" in Arabic , and represents the unity of the seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, and Fujairah). In July 2003, future UAE president Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan , who wanted an airline for Abu Dhabi, issued
1134-436: Is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian . Serbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic , using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić , who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian ( latinica )
1215-519: Is a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Serbia. Located near Nikola Tesla Airport, the company prepares and handles inflight meals for Air Serbia, as well as other carriers flying to and from Belgrade. Founded in 1967 as part of JAT, ASC has operated as an independent company since 2005 and became part of Air Serbia in 2014. As of October 2024, Air Serbia operates flights to 78 destinations in 35 countries from its hub at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport , seven destinations in six countries from Niš Constantine
1296-945: Is based on Serbian medieval art. The carrier's logo, featured on the tail, is a stylized double-headed eagle inspired by the Serbian coat-of-arms . The carrier's name and logo can be seen on both the fuselage and belly of each aircraft. In 2013, the airline launched the "Living Legends" initiative, which pays tribute to famous Serbian citizens who have made positive contributions to society, both in Serbia and abroad. In recognition of its success, Air Serbia names each aircraft after them. Such individuals include inventor and engineer Nikola Tesla , tennis player Novak Djokovic , former NBA player Vlade Divac , former footballer and manager Dejan Stanković , actor Miki Manojlović , and musician Goran Bregović . Serbian language Serbian ( српски / srpski , pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː] )
1377-527: Is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina ), which is also the basis of standard Croatian , Bosnian , and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs
1458-591: Is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian ). Speakers by country: Serbian was the official language of Montenegro until October 2007, when the new Constitution of Montenegro replaced the Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian parties, Montenegrin was made the sole official language of the country, and Serbian was given the status of a language in official use along with Bosnian , Albanian , and Croatian . In
1539-530: Is shows that it was in accord with its time; for example, the Serbian Alexandride , a book about Alexander the Great , and a translation of Tristan and Iseult into Serbian. Although not belonging to the literature proper, the corpus of Serbian literacy in the 14th and 15th centuries contains numerous legal, commercial and administrative texts with marked presence of Serbian vernacular juxtaposed on
1620-645: Is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs . It is the official and national language of Serbia , one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo . It is a recognized minority language in Croatia , North Macedonia , Romania , Hungary , Slovakia , and the Czech Republic . Standard Serbian
1701-435: Is the only general historical dictionary of Serbo-Croatian. Its first editor was Đuro Daničić , followed by Pero Budmani and the famous Vukovian Tomislav Maretić . The sources of this dictionary are, especially in the first volumes, mainly Štokavian . There are older, pre-standard dictionaries, such as the 1791 German–Serbian dictionary or 15th century Arabic-Persian-Greek-Serbian Conversation Textbook . The standard and
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#17327808881321782-794: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Cyrillic script : Сва људска бића рађају се слободна и једнака у достојанству и правима. Она су обдарена разумом и свешћу и треба једни према другима да поступају у духу братства. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Latin alphabet : Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i svešću i treba jedni prema drugima da postupaju u duhu bratstva. Article 1 of
1863-573: The Boeing 737-300 , and introduced the ATR 42 and ATR 72 in 1987 for its regional and domestic routes. According to IATA in 1988, JAT was the tenth largest airline in Europe by flying to 76 destinations in 39 countries, which included long-haul flights to Los Angeles, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, New York, Montreal, and Toronto in the west, and Beijing, Calcutta, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Melbourne and Sydney in
1944-650: The Israel-Hamas war , many airlines interrupted their flights to Tel Aviv airport ; but flydubai and Etihad airlines kept up multiple flights daily, helping Israel remain connected to the wider world. This was a symbol of "UAE’s commitment" to maintaining strong ties with Israel. Etihad has its head office in Khalifa City , Abu Dhabi, near Abu Dhabi International Airport . Etihad spent 183.6 million UAE dirhams (US$ 50 million) in 2007 to have its new head office and training centre built. The new head office
2025-631: The Proto-Slavic language . There are many loanwords from different languages, reflecting cultural interaction throughout history. Notable loanwords were borrowed from Greek, Latin, Italian, Turkish, Hungarian, English, Russian, German, Czech and French. Serbian literature emerged in the Middle Ages , and included such works as Miroslavljevo jevanđelje ( Miroslav's Gospel ) in 1186 and Dušanov zakonik ( Dušan's Code ) in 1349. Little secular medieval literature has been preserved, but what there
2106-589: The São Paulo service in late March 2017, Etihad Airways was one of the few carriers to have passenger services to all six inhabited continents. As 2021 began, the airline suspended its flights to South Africa as a part of its ongoing review of network performance. Etihad opened a twice-weekly route to Tel Aviv, Israel, in April 2021. Later in June 2023, the airline announced expansions of some routes such as expanding
2187-572: The United Arab Emirates . Its head office is in Khalifa City , Abu Dhabi , near Zayed International Airport . The airline commenced operations in November 2003, and is the second-largest airline in the UAE after Emirates . The airline operates more than 1,000 flights per week to over 120 passenger and cargo destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America, with
2268-468: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Etihad Airways Etihad Airways ( Arabic : شَرِكَة ٱلْاِتِّحَاد لِلطَّيْرَان , romanized : sharikat al-ittiḥād li-ṭ-ṭayarān ) is the national airline of
2349-457: The official script of Serbia's administration by the 2006 Constitution . The Latin script continues to be used in official contexts, although the government has indicated its desire to phase out this practice due to national sentiment. The Ministry of Culture believes that Cyrillic is the "identity script" of the Serbian nation. However, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language , or standard language itself by any means, leaving
2430-661: The 1930s, it expanded by opening new routes to other destinations in Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Albania, and Italy. These new routes helped it position itself as a major regional airliner. Its fleet consisted in one Aeroput MMS-3 , one Breguet 19/10 , two Caudron C.449 Goéland , one De Havilland DH.80A Puss Moth , one De Havilland DH.60M Moth , one De Havilland DH.83 Fox Moth , one De Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide , one Farman F.190 , one Farman F.306 , eight Lockheed Model 10 Electra , six Potez 29/2 and three Spartan Cruiser II , one of which
2511-488: The 2023 Montenegrin census, 43.18% declared Serbian to be their native language, while Montenegrin was declared by 34.52% of the population. Standard Serbian language uses both Cyrillic ( ћирилица , ćirilica ) and Latin script ( latinica , латиница ). Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia , a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them. Media and publishers typically select one alphabet or
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2592-639: The COVID-19 pandemic as Douglas referred to the Airbus A380 as a heavily inefficient handicapped behemoth by two engines too many. Douglas also said that smaller long-range twin-jet aircraft such as the Boeing 777X, 787, and Airbus A350 can do the job far more efficiently and sustainably than that of the A380. In February 2021, Etihad Airways vaccinated all its operating pilots and cabin crew against COVID-19,
2673-478: The Elevate Deli & Bar service on its short and medium-haul flights to give passengers the option to purchase food and drinks on the flight. This service replaced its previous inflight catering and offers one of two menus based on flight length and type of aircraft operating the route. Inflight catering on its long-haul, transatlantic service remains unchanged, with passengers receiving a free meal. In 2021,
2754-517: The Government of Serbia purchased additional 1.6%, and thus held 83.58% share interest, while Etihad Airways held the remaining. In November 2023, the Serbian government announced that as of 13 November, the government would take full control of Air Serbia. Air Serbia's key performance indicators are (years ending December 31): In May 2014, Air Serbia launched their now-defunct charter brand, Aviolet ( Serbian Cyrillic : Авиолет), using
2835-503: The Great Airport and three destinations in three countries from Morava Airport . Air Serbia has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: As of October 2024, Air Serbia operates the following aircraft: Introduced in October 2013, Air Serbia's livery was created by graphic designer Tamara Maksimović. Featuring Serbia's national colours – red, blue, and white – the design, with its graphical elements and details,
2916-828: The Latin alphabet whereas 36% favors the Cyrillic one. Latin script has become more and more popular in Serbia, as it is easier to input on phones and computers. The sort order of the ćirilica ( ћирилица ) alphabet: The sort order of the latinica ( латиница ) alphabet: Serbian is a highly inflected language , with grammatical morphology for nouns, pronouns and adjectives as well as verbs. Serbian nouns are classified into three declensional types, denoted largely by their nominative case endings as "-a" type, "-i" and "-e" type. Into each of these declensional types may fall nouns of any of three genders : masculine, feminine or neuter. Each noun may be inflected to represent
2997-410: The Latin script predominates, although both scripts are commonly seen. The Serbian government has encouraged increasing the use of Cyrillic in these contexts. Larger signs, especially those put up by the government, will often feature both alphabets; if the sign has English on it, then usually only Cyrillic is used for the Serbian text. A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of the Serbian population favors
3078-450: The Latin script tends to imply a cosmopolitan or neutral attitude, while Cyrillic appeals to a more traditional or vintage sensibility. In media, the public broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia , predominantly uses the Cyrillic script whereas the privately run broadcasters, like RTV Pink , predominantly use the Latin script. Newspapers can be found in both scripts. In the public sphere, with logos, outdoor signage and retail packaging,
3159-535: The acting CEO as it faced mounting losses from its investments in Air Berlin and Alitalia. On 2 May 2017 Alitalia filed for bankruptcy. Hogan and Rigney left Etihad later that month. On 27 July Etihad reported a loss of US$ 1.873 billion for 2016. On 15 August Air Berlin filed for bankruptcy after Etihad withdrew its financial support. As an interim measure, the board appointed Ray Gammell as CEO (previously Chief People and Performance Officer) while searching for
3240-542: The airline had grounded its fleet of 10 A380-800 aircraft with no initial plans to redeploy the aircraft, it was decided that they would return to service. In 2023 Etihad redeployed 4 of their 10 jumbo jets onto their London Heathrow service, with later decisions that an additional A380 would return to the fleet. The airline later announced the redeployment of their A380 to their New York JFK route in April 2024 as well as to Paris Charles de Gaulle from November 2024 as well as Singapore Changi from February 2025. During
3321-579: The airline placed a US$ 8 billion aircraft order for 6 Boeing 777-200 and 24 Airbus aircraft, including 10 Airbus A380s . Etihad's first A380 was delivered in December 2014. In June 2008 at the Farnborough Airshow , the airline announced an order for 35 Boeing 787s and 10 777s, options for 25 787s and 10 777s, and purchase rights on 10 787s and 5 777s. Etihad reported its first full-year net profit in 2011, of US$ 14 million, in line with
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3402-503: The airline will not cancel its remaining Airbus A350 orders and plans to proceed with them. The airline also confirmed that it had no plans to ditch its Airbus A380 fleet into early retirement, unlike Air France, despite the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as of October 2020, some sources stated that the Etihad Airbus A380 still had a potential possibility of early retirement due to the aircraft market changes and demand caused by
3483-489: The airline, reporting to Hogan. In December 2016 Handelsblatt Global reported that Hogan was expected to be dismissed after a "failed spree of acquisitions in Europe." On 24 January 2017, the Etihad Aviation Group Board of Directors announced that Hogan (along with Group CFO James Rigney) would be stepping down "in the second half of 2017". Peter Baumgartner, (former CEO of the airline), became
3564-483: The beginning of the 13th century, the entire official correspondence of Dubrovnik with states in the hinterland was conducted in Serbian. In the mid-15th century, Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and for the next 400 years there was no opportunity for the creation of secular written literature. However, some of the greatest literary works in Serbian come from this time, in the form of oral literature,
3645-411: The board include Ahmed Ali Al Sayegh, H.E. Mohamed Khalifa Al Mubarak, Mohamed Hareb Sultan Al Yousef, Hamad Abdulla Al Shamsi, Khalifa Sultan Al Suwaidi, and Ahmed Ali Matar Al Romaithi. The airline was led previously by James Hogan (formerly CEO of Gulf Air ) who was appointed as president and chief executive officer on 10 September 2006 until January 2018. He was succeeded by Tony Douglas, who held
3726-439: The choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.), except in government paperwork production and in official written communication with state officials, which have to be in Cyrillic. Traffic signs and directional signs, and place names, on main or international roads are to be written with both Cyrillic and Latin script To most Serbians,
3807-438: The company announced, however, that it became profitable as from 2011. Etihad Cargo, formerly Etihad Crystal Cargo , is the dedicated freight operations branch of Etihad. The carrier refreshed its brand image in June 2012 dropping the "Crystal" part, with full Etihad Cargo titles now applied billboard-style in line with the airline's current corporate design. Etihad Cargo operates six Boeing 777Fs . It has previously operated
3888-522: The company was awarded the Order of Karađorđe's Star . Since Serbia did not impose sanctions on Russia following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the airline continues to operate regular flights to the country, creating a loophole for Russian citizens to fly to Europe. As a result, the airline has faced dozens of bomb threats which airline officials have attributed to foreign intelligence agencies seeking to disrupt its flights to Russia. In April 2022, it
3969-487: The company's shareholding in the airline ended in its entirety. In late December 2020, the government of Serbia recapitalised Air Serbia , increasing its stake to 82%, thus decreasing Etihad's stake to 18%. The airline was also a part of the now-disbanded Etihad Airways Partners alliance between 2015 and 2018. Key trends for Etihad Airways are shown below (as at years ending 31 December): Profits*: Earlier profit/loss figures do not appear to have ever been published;
4050-580: The early 19th century, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić promoted the spoken language of the people as a literary norm. The dialects of Serbo-Croatian , regarded Serbian (traditionally spoken in Serbia), include: Vuk Karadžić 's Srpski rječnik , first published in 1818, is the earliest dictionary of modern literary Serbian. The Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (I–XXIII), published by the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1880 to 1976,
4131-595: The east. Its fleet modernization plan began in the 1980s with the introduction of the Boeing 737, while its long-range DC-10s were scheduled to be replaced by either the Boeing 767 -ER, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 or the Airbus A340 . However, its modernization plan was never realized due to the start of the Yugoslav wars. During the 1980s, JAT also established a maintenance hangar in Belgrade and
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#17327808881324212-605: The first airline to vaccinate all its operating pilots and cabin crew. Since most of Etihad's flights were grounded between March and June 2020, the airline's passenger traffic dropped by 76% to 4.2 million in 2020. Throughout 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Etihad Airways laid off over 1,000 cabin crew and pilots. Etihad had reported significant losses even before the pandemic; since 2016, it lost over $ 5.62 billion and in 2019 losses amounted to $ 870 million. The airline's full-year losses amounted to $ 1.7 billion in 2020, and $ 476 million in 2021. In July 2022, Etihad announced
4293-595: The first non-stop flight operated by a former Yugoslav carrier into the United States since 1992, when all of JAT's long-haul flights were suspended. Air Serbia implemented an extensive restructuring plan in mid-2017 to improve its performance. The goal was to focus on net profit, a new fare structure, new sales channels, and offer additional services that would increase efficiency. From May to June 2017, it retrofitted its Airbus A319 and A320 fleet with Recaro BL3520 seats to standardize its seating plan. This resulted in
4374-469: The flag carrier of Serbia. An aging fleet and lack of investment made the airline unprofitable, so the Serbian government sought a strategic partner for the company. On 1 August 2013, Jat Airways and Etihad Airways entered into a strategic partnership agreement under which Etihad would acquire a 49% interest in Jat Airways and its management rights for five years. The Republic of Serbia would retain
4455-541: The following airlines: Etihad Airways operates a fleet of both narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. Etihad's fleet consists of 90 aircraft from five aircraft families: the Airbus A320 family , Airbus A350-1000 , Airbus A380-800 , Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner . During the COVID-19 pandemic , Etihad Airways grounded all 10 Airbus A380-800 aircraft and initially had no plans to return them to service after
4536-429: The frequency of flights to Rome from Abu Dhabi from seven to eleven times per week. On 25 November 2024, Etihad made a public announcement on the 10 new destinations by the national airline of UAE as part of their rapid expansion program. The destinations are Algiers , Atlanta , Chiang Mai , Hanoi , Hong Kong , Krabi , Medan , Phnom Penh , Taipei and Tunis . Etihad Airways has codeshare agreements with
4617-627: The jet age in 1963 with the acquisition of the Sud Aviation Caravelle , followed by the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 in 1969, the Boeing 707 in 1970, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in 1971, and the Boeing 727 in 1974. By the 1980s, JAT operated regular flights to all the continents except South America, which was planned for commencement by the 1990s. In 1985 JAT became the first European operator of
4698-570: The major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system." It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian , than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it
4779-605: The matrix of Serbian Church Slavonic . By the beginning of the 14th century the Serbo-Croatian language, which was so rigorously proscribed by earlier local laws, becomes the dominant language of the Republic of Ragusa . However, despite her wealthy citizens speaking the Serbo-Croatian dialect of Dubrovnik in their family circles, they sent their children to Florentine schools to become perfectly fluent in Italian. Since
4860-407: The most notable form being epic poetry . The epic poems were mainly written down in the 19th century, and preserved in oral tradition up to the 1950s, a few centuries or even a millennium longer than by most other "epic folks". Goethe and Jacob Grimm learned Serbian in order to read Serbian epic poetry in the original. By the end of the 18th century, the written literature had become estranged from
4941-415: The noun they modify, but must agree in number, gender and case with the modified noun. Serbian verbs are conjugated in four past forms— perfect , aorist , imperfect , and pluperfect —of which the last two have a very limited use (imperfect is still used in some dialects, but the majority of native Serbian speakers consider it archaic), one future tense (also known as the first future tense, as opposed to
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#17327808881325022-517: The noun's grammatical case , of which Serbian has seven: Nouns are further inflected to represent the noun's number , singular or plural. Pronouns, when used, are inflected along the same case and number morphology as nouns. Serbian is a pro-drop language , meaning that pronouns may be omitted from a sentence when their meaning is easily inferred from the text. In cases where pronouns may be dropped, they may also be used to add emphasis. For example: Adjectives in Serbian may be placed before or after
5103-682: The only completed etymological dictionary of Serbian is the " Skok ", written by the Croatian linguist Petar Skok : Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika ("Etymological Dictionary of Croatian or Serbian"). I-IV. Zagreb 1971–1974. There is also a new monumental Etimološki rečnik srpskog jezika (Etymological Dictionary of Serbian). So far, two volumes have been published: I (with words on A-), and II (Ba-Bd). There are specialized etymological dictionaries for German, Italian, Croatian, Turkish, Greek, Hungarian, Russian, English and other loanwords (cf. chapter word origin ). Article 1 of
5184-400: The other. In general, the alphabets are used interchangeably; except in the legal sphere, where Cyrillic is required, there is no context where one alphabet or another predominates. Although Serbian language authorities have recognized the official status of both scripts in contemporary Standard Serbian for more than half of a century now, due to historical reasons, the Cyrillic script was made
5265-420: The pandemic. However, since 2023, four Airbus A380-800s returned to services, flying on the route to London–Heathrow ; in 2024, A380 service resumed to New York–JFK and Paris–Charles de Gaulle . Although Etihad placed an order for 25 Boeing 777X aircraft in 2013, by May 2024, CEO Antonoaldo Neves confirmed that the contracts with Boeing had been restructured. As a result, Etihad now holds an option to purchase
5346-535: The participating airlines, and previously had a stake in Virgin Australia until its insolvency in April 2020 with no return on investment. The Emirate of Abu Dhabi was a joint-owner of Gulf Air along with Bahrain, Qatar, and the Sultanate of Oman. Zayed International Airport was one of Gulf Air's bases and hubs from the 1970s until 2005, when the UAE withdrew from the airline. Gulf Air would remain as
5427-470: The post until October 2022. The current CEO of Etihad Group is Antonoaldo Neves. Etihad's equity alliance was composed of airlines in which Etihad had minority shareholdings. These consisted of stakes in Air Berlin, Air Serbia, Air Seychelles, Alitalia, and Virgin Australia. As of year-end 2023, Etihad has exited all of these holdings. With Virgin Australia 's bankruptcy and subsequent restructuring,
5508-413: The second conditional (without use in the spoken language—it should be used for impossible conditional clauses). Serbian has active and passive voice . As for the non-finite verb forms, Serbian has one infinitive , two adjectival participles (the active and the passive), and two adverbial participles (the present and the past). Most Serbian words are of native Slavic lexical stock, tracing back to
5589-433: The second future tense or the future exact, which is considered a tense of the conditional mood by some contemporary linguists), and one present tense . These are the tenses of the indicative mood. Apart from the indicative mood, there is also the imperative mood . The conditional mood has two more tenses: the first conditional (commonly used in conditional clauses, both for possible and impossible conditional clauses) and
5670-466: The spoken language. In the second half of the 18th century, the new language appeared, called Slavonic-Serbian . This artificial idiom superseded the works of poets and historians like Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović , who wrote in essentially modern Serbian in the 1720s. These vernacular compositions have remained cloistered from the general public and received due attention only with the advent of modern literary historians and writers like Milorad Pavić . In
5751-471: The strategic plan announced by CEO James Hogan in 2006. In December 2011, Etihad announced it had acquired a 29.21% stake in Air Berlin , Europe's sixth-largest airline, and Hogan was appointed Vice Chairman. It followed this up with minority stakes in other airlines— Air Seychelles (40%), Aer Lingus (2.987%), Virgin Australia (10%). On 1 August 2013, the president of the company, Hogan, signed
5832-609: Was announced Etihad Airways sold its 40% stake in Air Seychelles back to the Government of Seychelles. On 13 May 2023 the Serbian Government announced it had finished acquiring 100% equity in Air Serbia , after several years of buying back stakes from Etihad. In May 2020, shortly after Air France retired its entire Airbus A380 fleet due to the COVID-19 pandemic , there were rumours that Etihad Airways
5913-652: Was built under licence by the domestic Zmaj aircraft factory. After WWII, the company was nationalized and rebranded as JAT Jugoslovenski Aerotransport in 1948, thus becoming the flag carrier of the FPR Yugoslavia . Despite being a communist country, Yugoslavia broke relations with the Soviet Union and became a cofounder of the Non-Aligned Movement . As a result, its fleet consisted almost entirely of Western-built aircraft. The carrier entered
5994-458: Was completed in 2007. Etihad is governed by a board of directors chaired by Mohamed Mubarak Al Mazrouei, and operates in terms of its founding legislation and the Article of Association of the company. The board consists of seven independent non-executive members and has two sub-committees, being an executive committee and an Audit Committee, each with its charter and chairman. Other members of
6075-537: Was considering cancelling all its remaining Airbus A350 orders and retiring its entire Airbus A380 fleet due to more financial losses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Etihad's CEO Tony Douglas said that Etihad's A380 fleet was very likely not to fly again in passenger service, and therefore likely to be withdrawn after only 7 years in service. This move would make Etihad the third Airbus A380 operator to retire its Airbus A380 fleet, following Air France-KLM and Hi Fly Malta . However, by 26 May 2020, Etihad confirmed that
6156-571: Was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system. Serbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian , a Slavic language ( Indo-European ), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian , Croatian , and Montenegrin . "An examination of all
6237-488: Was finalised on 8 August 2014. On 1 January 2015, Alitalia-CAI formally transferred its operations to Alitalia-SAI, a new entity owned 49% by Etihad and 51% by the Alitalia-CAI shareholders. In May 2016, the management structure was reshuffled, as Hogan became CEO of the airline's parent company, Etihad Aviation Group. Peter Baumgartner, formerly the airline's Chief Commercial Officer, became chief executive officer of
6318-593: Was formed. 1927 was also the year the nation's capital Belgrade became the hub of its operations, with the inauguration of an international airport. Aeroput became the flag carrier of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and, by the opening of numerous airfields throughout the country, significantly improved connections between the various regions. Besides providing passenger, mail, and cargo service to its domestic destinations, Aeroput inaugurated its first regular scheduled international route, Belgrade–Zagreb–Graz–Vienna, in 1929. During
6399-665: Was ready to sell a 24% stake to Etihad for US$ 379 million. The deal was completed on 12 November 2013. At the 2013 Dubai Airshow, Etihad announced it was acquiring a 33.3% stake in the Swiss carrier Darwin Airline , which was rebranded as Etihad Regional in March 2014. Etihad sold its stake in Darwin in 2017. On 1 August 2014, Etihad agreed to acquire a 49% stake in the Italian flag carrier Alitalia for an estimated €560 million. The deal
6480-428: Was reported that a NATO military aircraft had trailed an Air Serbia flight as it left Russian airspace. Originally, Air Serbia was jointly owned by the Government of Serbia, which held a 51 percent share interest, and Etihad Airways, which owned a 49 percent share interest and management control. On 30 December 2020, the Government of Serbia purchased 31% from Etihad, and thus held 82% share interest. In September 2022,
6561-557: Was the official provider of aircraft ground handling services in the Republic of Serbia, being certified by Serbia's Civil Aviation Directorate. ASGS provided ground handling operations to passengers, baggage, aircraft, cargo, and mail. Since its founding in 2002, the company handled more than two million passengers and 8500 flights for Air Serbia and other airlines annually. It was discontinued in November 2017, and all employees were transferred to Belgrade Airport. Air Serbia Catering (ASC)
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