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66-518: The Akron Zoo is home to over 1,000 animals representing over 100 different species and it has around 400,000 visitors annually. The zoo is the most visited attraction in Summit County . The Akron Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1989. As an AZA member, Akron Zoo participates in breeding programs to save endangered species. The zoo is also a member of

132-481: A Franco-American ornithologist and naturalist who painted, cataloged, and described the birds of North America in his famous Birds of America book (1827–1838). Despite these accolades, John James Audubon's legacy has been tarnished by numerous accusations of plagiarism and scientific fraud , which his biographers (and Audubon's leadership) have routinely dismissed or minimized, even while admitting to his history of racism and slavery. John James Audubon

198-578: A century, the National Wildlife Refuge Campaign also remains a key component of overall NAS policy. Audubon has begun to certify bird-friendly ranching facilities, such as the Blue Nest Beef enterprise in order to provide consumers with a method of determining the environmental credentials of the businesses advertising that they are providing "bird-friendly", "grass-fed", and similar products, as options for beef that

264-509: A commitment to build on the organization's strong conservation legacy and expand its commitment to improving the quality of life for both birds and people by aligning Audubon's conservation work along the migratory flyways that millions of birds travel each spring and fall. Following layoffs and complaints about diversity and inclusion programs, an Audubon union organizing drive went public in March 2021 with about 400 workers. Yarnold stepped down

330-594: A decision to retain the Audubon name for the national organization, with the subsequent resignation of three of its 26 board members. In February 2023, the union representing Audubon employees renamed itself The Bird Union. Seven months earlier, in July 2022, the Seattle chapter of Audubon announced they would change the name, and later announced the new name would be Birds Connect Seattle, effective June 2023. Shortly after

396-545: A low of 3,500, and with the nation in the Great Depression , John H. Baker became the NAS president. He was a World War I aviator and ardent bird lover, and also a businessman, and he set about to invigorate the society and bolster its budget prosperity through publication. Baker began publishing book-length field guides on major forms of bird and mammal life. Soon, in association with New York publisher Alfred A. Knopf ,

462-512: A pledge to "not molest birds". Prominent members included jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. , abolitionist minister Henry Ward Beecher , and poet John Greenleaf Whittier . In under a decade this society was discontinued, but the name and plan survived. Organizations for the protection of birds were not a wholly new idea. Even before Grinnell's Audubon Society was organized, the American Ornithologists' Union , founded in 1883,

528-414: A total area of 419.38 square miles (1,086 km ), of which 412.08 square miles (1,067 km ) is land and 7.3 square miles (19 km ) (1.7%) is water. The largest portion of Cuyahoga Valley National Park is in the northern part of the county. The southern border of the former Connecticut Western Reserve passes through the southern part of the county, leading to jogs in the east and west borders of

594-474: A variety of themed areas around the park that are molded after specific regions on the globe. Enrichment activities are commonly used in zoos today. They are characterized as changes in the ordinary that are meant to encourage animals' natural behaviors. Some of the natural behaviors encouraged from enrichment are foraging for food and hiding in nature's provisions. Zookeepers occasionally introduce various scents around an animal's exhibit that are unfamiliar to

660-598: A worldwide moratorium on whaling was declared. So successful has this moratorium been in restoring populations of many whales, that "non-consumptive uses of whales" may once again be permitted in some areas. During the 1980s and 1990s, the National Audubon Society produced a notable series of nature documentary television specials, many of which were entitled The World of Audubon . These included specials on many animals other than birds (the traditional focus of this organization) and on natural areas such as

726-533: Is active internationally and it was formed as a result of the staff's efforts in working with conservationists in Venezuela and other accredited institutions within the zoo community. The Foundation focuses on the conservation of the Andean river systems and is researching the illusive torrent duck. The Butterfly Conservation Initiative is a partnership of Akron Zoo partnered and the other Ohio zoos, The Wilds, and

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792-789: Is an American non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation of birds and their habitats. Located in the United States and incorporated in 1905, Audubon is one of the oldest of such organizations in the world. There are completely independent Audubon Societies in the United States, which were founded several years earlier such as the Massachusetts Audubon Society, Indiana Audubon Society, and Connecticut Audubon Society. The societies are named for 19th century naturalist John James Audubon . The society has nearly 500 local chapters, each of which

858-749: Is an independent 501(c)(3) non-profit organization voluntarily affiliated with the National Audubon Society. They often organize birdwatching field trips and conservation-related activities. It also coordinates the Christmas Bird Count held each December in the U.S., a model of citizen science , in partnership with Cornell Lab of Ornithology , and the Great Backyard Bird Count each February. Together with Cornell University , Audubon created eBird , an online database for bird observation. The National Audubon Society also has many global partners to help birds that migrate beyond

924-488: Is given in recognition of outstanding achievement in the field of conservation and environmental protection. 52 people have received the honor in Audubon's 108-year history. In 2011, Audubon created a new model for positioning energy transmission lines along the East Coast to help preserve bird and wildlife habitat . Audubon President David Yarnold has made environmentally friendly siting for renewable energy one of

990-587: Is raised sustainably and benefits wildlife habitat. An online database is provided by Audubon that displays which native plants are important for birds in different areas that is searchable by USA zip code. Audubon has recently expanded its outreach about the detrimental impact of invasive species like Norway maples, Tatarian honeysuckle and other ecological threats to human health and wildlife. The Audubon society opposes drilling for gas on national reserves . Natural gas has been drilled for and produced at its Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary . The society said it

1056-559: The Audubon Field Guide s became a staple of every artist's and environmentalist's library. Today, many Audubon field guides have been adapted for mobile phone apps . This field guide series covers a wide range of nature-related topics, including the night sky , rocks and minerals , wildflowers , and many animals. This series has sold 18 million copies and uses photographs instead of the commissioned paintings or other drawings that many other field guides possess, such as

1122-570: The Great Lakes . This series included a special documenting the rescue efforts to save the black-footed ferret from extinction. Arthur Unger of the Christian Science Monitor reviewed this special very favorably and wrote that this special was "further proof that the Audubon series deserves a place in television's splendid wildlife triumvirate alongside Nature and National Geographic Specials ". The Audubon Medal

1188-508: The Peterson Field Guides . During the post-World War II period, the NAS was consumed by the battle over the pesticide DDT . As early as 1960, the society circulated draft legislation to establish pesticide control agencies at the state level. In 1962 the publication of Silent Spring by long-time Audubon member Rachel Carson gave the campaign against "persistent pesticides" a huge national forum. Following her death in 1964,

1254-636: The World Association of Zoos and Aquariums and of the American Public Gardens Association . In 1900, the 79 acres (32 ha) that is now Perkins Woods Park was donated to Akron by George and Ann Perkins, for "the sole purpose of devoting the same to the uses of a public park, especially as a place for recreation for children." To this end, the Akron Museum of Natural History was incorporated in 1950, and

1320-507: The census of 2010, there were 541,781 people, 222,781 households, and 141,110 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,312.6 inhabitants per square mile (506.8/km ). There were 245,109 housing units at an average density of 593.8 per square mile (229.3/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 80.6% white, 14.4% black or African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.6% of

1386-592: The 1960s and 1970s, the society began to use its influence to focus attention on a wider range of environmental issues and became involved in developing major new environmental protection policies and laws. Audubon staff and members helped legislators pass the Clean Air , Clean Water , Wild and Scenic Rivers , and Endangered Species acts. In 1969, the society opened an office in Washington, D.C., in an effort to keep legislators informed of Audubon's priorities. By

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1452-601: The 1970s, NAS had also extended to global interests. One area that NAS became actively involved with was whaling. Between 1973 and 1974 alone, the poorly regulated whaling industry had succeeded in harvesting 30,000 whales. But by 1985, following the 37th annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission in Bournemouth, England, which was attended by officials from the National Audubon Society and other U.S.-based environmental organizations,

1518-656: The Akron Children's Zoo was opened in 1953 in association with the Museum. The children's zoo illustrated Mother Goose rhymes with live animal exhibits. Ten new exhibits were opened in 1954, and one more, the Merry Miller, in 1955. With the sponsorship of the Yusef-Khan Grotto, admission was free to all mentally challenged, handicapped, and underprivileged children. In 1979, the zoo changed its name to

1584-658: The Akron Zoological Park, and the City of Akron turned over governance of the zoo to the Board of Trustees. The City of Akron retained ownership of the land, and non-profit Akron Zoo now owned all of the zoo's contents. The zoo adopted a new theme of "North and South American Animals" to provide a stable base for education and conservation goals. The Akron Zoo made nearly $ 500,000 in capital improvements between 1985 and 1988. Special events such as Holiday Lights and Boo at

1650-642: The Association of Zoos and Aquariums to help create a butterfly habitat at The Wilds. 10 acres (4.0 ha) of open grassland and meadow habitat were planted, creating a suitable site to support a variety of resident and migrant butterfly species. The Akron Zoo has participated in the Audubon Christmas Bird Census , which is coordinated by the National Audubon Society to document wintering bird populations across

1716-488: The Audubon Society released its Audubon Birds and Climate Change report which found that expected changes to North American climate will have a major, detrimental impact on birds in the United States. The scope of the report includes 588 species of birds and found that 314 of those species could lose up to half of their climatic range during the 21st-century. The society was named in honor of John James Audubon ,

1782-553: The Central New Mexico Audubon Society, Champaign County Audubon Society, Delaware Audubon Society, Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society, Huachuca Audubon Society, Kalmiopsis Audubon Society, San Bernardino Valley Audubon Society, Sequoia Audubon Society, and Audubon South Carolina. The Dan W. Lufkin Prize for Environmental Leadership is a new award that recognizes Dan W. Lufkin's lifetime commitment to

1848-636: The NAS established a fund devoted strictly to the various legal fights in the war against DDT. Today, Audubon selects outstanding women in conservation to receive its prestigious Rachel Carson Award . Honorees include Bette Midler , singer, actress, and founder of the New York Restoration Project; Dr. Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and founder of Deep Search International; Majora Carter, Founder and Executive Director of Sustainable South Bronx ; actress and conservation activist Sigourney Weaver, and NRDC President Frances Beinecke. Through

1914-929: The Seattle chapter's announcement in February, the Chicago chapter also announced they will change their name. In March 2023, the New York City chapter announced that after studying the issue for eight months, it will change its name; Jessica Wilson, executive director of the NYC chapter, stated that the current name "served as a barrier to getting all New Yorkers involved". Chapters in other cities such as Washington, D.C. , Portland, Oregon , and Buffalo, New York , have made similar announcements. David Yarnold became Audubon's 10th president in September 2010, expressing

1980-535: The U.S. government to protect vital wildlife areas by including them in a National Wildlife Refuge system. The association also acquired land through purchases and donation. The Theodore Roosevelt Sanctuary and Audubon Center in Oyster Bay, New York was donated to New York Audubon in 1923 by Emlen Roosevelt and Christine Roosevelt in memory of their cousin, who is buried in the adjacent Youngs Memorial Cemetery . The Audubon Center of Greenwich, Connecticut

2046-693: The U.S.'s borders, including BirdLife International based in Great Britain, Bird Studies Canada , American Bird Conservancy , and many partners in Latin America and in the Caribbean. Audubon's International Alliances Program (IAP) brings together people throughout the Western Hemisphere to work together to implement conservation solutions at Important Birds Areas (IBAs). In 1886, Forest and Stream editor George Bird Grinnell

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2112-746: The United States and is a key part of Audubon's work with BirdLife International and other conservationists around the globe. Audubon is leading the campaign for U.S. Congressional Reauthorization of the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act which would generate as much as $ 100 million each year to advance hemispheric bird conservation. In Wyoming and across the Intermountain west, Audubon's Sagebrush Initiative works with industry, government, ranchers and conservationists to protect 15 million acres of greater sage grouse Core habitat. It also helps promote

2178-670: The United States. In 2003, participants from the Akron Zoo donated 18.5 hours for the census. The volunteers observed a total of 28 species and counted 2,568 individual birds. The zoo works with various partners locally, regionally, and globally. These partners include Conservación Internacional Perú, Fauna & Flora International , the Red Panda Network, the Red Wolf Coalition, and Save and Protect Ohio Turtle Diversity (SPOTD). The zoo participates in research in

2244-569: The Wild. This area features 16 animal exhibits, over 20 animal species, and over 400 total animals, including snow leopards, jaguars, lemurs, bats, and many more. On October 1, 2005, the Akron Zoo unveiled Komodo Kingdom Education Center, featuring Komodo dragons, Galapagos tortoises, and Chinese alligators. Certification by Leaders in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) was achieved. The zoo utilized current green technology for heating and cooling and

2310-562: The Zoo bolstered the zoo's annual attendance with 1988 drawing 133,000 guests breaking the 1957 attendance record of 128,344 visitors. As the decade closed, the Akron Zoological Park was accredited by the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, recognizing the Akron Zoo's professional stature among accredited zoos and aquariums nationwide. In May 2005, the zoo opened their largest expansion in their history, Legends of

2376-412: The animal. Plants and trees are sometimes added or removed to allow for animal to create new hiding places or have more open space. Animals often receive new toys and puzzle feeders in their areas. The Akron Zoo has had a tremendous amount of funding and help through their adult volunteer program. These volunteers, known as Edzoocators, frequently help out with special events, and their biggest event for

2442-735: The bird population was the desire for their plumage. In the late 1890s, the American Ornithologists' Union estimated that five million birds were killed annually for the fashion market. In the final quarter of the 19th century, plumes, and even whole birds, decorated the hair, hats, and dresses of women. Poachers killed game warden Guy Bradley on July 8, 1905; poachers killed Game Warden Columbus G. McLeod in November 1908 in Florida and Audubon Society employee Pressly Reeves of South Carolina also in 1908. Public opinion soon turned on

2508-496: The building was built using many earth-friendly materials. In 2010 the zoo opened a carousel named "Conservation Carousel" featuring rare and endangered animals. The zoo had record attendance in 2017 with 416,942 visitors. The zoo announced in July of 2024 that they plan to build a new $ 11.95 million veterinary hospital behind Landon and Cynthia Knight Pride of Africa. Construction on the 11,949 square-foot building will begin in 2025. The new facility will open in 2026. The zoo has

2574-529: The country, many others were doing the same. These boycotts were largely successful, and the efforts of the early society members helped bring about the end of the plume trade and assisted in the introduction of early conservation legislation such as the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. In 1896, Pennsylvania created their Audubon Society, and during the next few years, bird lovers in many other states followed suit. St. Louis Audubon Society (SLAS)

2640-629: The county. Summit County, along with Cuyahoga County , is one of two of Ohio's 88 counties that have a charter government, as authorized by Article X of the Ohio Constitution . Under its charter, rather than three elected commissioners, Summit County has an elected county executive and an eleven-member county council. Eight members of the council are elected from individual districts; the other three are elected at large. Summit County also has an appointed medical examiner rather than an elected coroner, and an elected fiscal officer, who exercises

2706-560: The destruction left by plume hunters, organized a series of afternoon teas with other wealthy local women, encouraging them to avoid feathered garments. They also sent literature asking these women to, in Hall's words, "join a society for the protection of birds, especially the egret". Later that same year, they founded the Massachusetts Audubon Society . Over 900 women came together with Hemenway and Hall, and across

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2772-577: The development of renewable energy projects in the area. Audubon also helped to secure the preservation of 240,000 acres of wild lands at the Tejon Ranch , the largest land conservation area created in California history. In March 2020, the Arkansas chapter of the Audubon Society announced its plan to spend $ 80,000 to install solar panels on its grounds, which will make their Little Rock office

2838-520: The environment and honors individuals who have dedicated their lives to on-the-ground conservation. As part of this award, the recipient receives a $ 100,000 cash prize, made through an endowment established by Dan's family and friends, to help further his or her conservation efforts. This award will become a signature prize in the field of conservation innovation. George Archibald was the inaugural Dan W. Lufkin Prize recipient for his tireless efforts to protect all species of cranes and their habitats throughout

2904-613: The environment." Audubon New York created the Rachel Carson Field Internship in 2012, which is given to young women seeking experience in the fields of "habitat-stewardship and wildlife-management". There is also the Women in Conservation Fellowship. These internships are given to women who wish to learn about areas such as public relations, management, and event planning. In September 2014,

2970-523: The fashion industry. Bolstered by the support of Boston socialite Harriet Hemenway , President of the United States and avowed Audubon Society sympathizer Theodore Roosevelt , and a widespread letter-writing campaign driven by church associations, many of whom distributed the Audubon message in their various newsletters, the plume trade was halted by such laws as the New York State Audubon Plumage Law (May 1910), which banned

3036-515: The health of the white-winged wood duck . The zoo also works to help reintroduce the Patula snail back to their native French Polynesia . Summit County, Ohio Summit County is an urban county in the U.S. state of Ohio . As of the 2020 census , the population was 540,428, making it the fourth-most populous county in Ohio. Its county seat and largest city is Akron . The county

3102-491: The namesake of the society he founded, and after its failure, that of local, state, and a national organization bearing that name. In 1890, a Chicago -based Audubon Society was started under the presidency of E. Irene Rood . About 70 persons joined and the Society was incorporated in 1893. Within a year of Grinnell founding it his early Audubon Society claimed 39,000 members, eventually growing to 48,862. Each member signed

3168-553: The organization's highest priorities. Audubon played an important part in bird rescue and Gulf Coast wetlands recovery efforts in the aftermath of the April 20, 2010, BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico , the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry . Audubon recruited over 34,000 volunteers to assist in rescuing, cleaning and releasing injured brown pelicans and other water birds. In addition, Audubon

3234-465: The population. In terms of ancestry, 24.9% were German , 15.3% were Irish , 10.6% were English , 10.1% were Italian , 5.1% were Polish , and 4.5% were American . Of the 222,781 households, 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.7% were non-families, and 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size

3300-402: The powers and performs the duties of a county auditor, treasurer and recorder. The remaining officials are similar to the officials in other counties. They include the following: Summit County currently has 14 Common Pleas judges. They are: Summit County has an 11-member council. Three members are elected at-large in midterm cycles, while eight members are elected from districts coinciding with

3366-405: The presidential election. The current members of Summit County Council are: * Indicates Council President Like much of Northeast Ohio, Summit is heavily Democratic. It has voted Republican only three times since 1932, all in national Republican landslides– Dwight D. Eisenhower 's 1956 victory, and the 49-state sweeps by Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan in 1972 and 1984, respectively. As of

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3432-509: The sales of plumes of all native birds in the state. By 1920, similar laws were enacted in about 12 other states. Audubon Society activities are responsible for many laws for the establishment of game commissions and game warden forces or prohibiting the sale of game. In 1918, the NAS actively lobbied for the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act . In the 1920s, the organization also played a vital role in convincing

3498-616: The state's first nonprofit to utilize 100% solar energy. Nature centers and wildlife sanctuaries continue to be an important part of Audubon's work to educate and inspire the public about the environment and how to conserve it. Some of the Audubon's earliest nature centers are still teaching young and old alike about the natural world. In 2016, Audubon's Hog Island Camp in Maine marked its 80th anniversary. Audubon's national network currently includes nearly 500 local chapters, 23 state programs, 41 nature centers. After nearly three-quarters of

3564-643: The world. The Wall Street Journal featured Dan W. Lufkin as the Donor of the Day, for the creation of this new Audubon prize. The Rachel Carson Award is part of a broader Audubon initiative called Women in Conservation Project. Their mission statement is "To recognize outstanding women leaders in today's conservation movement; to support environmental opportunities for girls and young women; and to educate women on important issues related to conservation and

3630-507: The zoo is Boo at the Akron Zoo, which had its 20-year anniversary in 2009. A new addition to the zoo is that of the Jr. Interpreter Teen Program. Started in 2008, the Jr. Interpreters are teen volunteers who spend up to 40 hours each week during the summer to help out around the zoo. The Akron Zoo is involved in various conservation projects that focus in the areas of restoration, preservation, and reintroduction. The Venezuelan Waterfowl Foundation

3696-534: Was also a body snatcher who collected human skulls to assist the scientific racism work of Samuel G. Morton . In the wake of the protests following the murder of George Floyd , there have been public appeals to strip the name Audubon from the society and change the names of species that honor him. The Audubon Society has publicly supported the removal of Confederate monuments , including acknowledging that "it's not just an issue of physical monuments". An internal Board of Directors vote in 2023 resulted in

3762-671: Was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 40.0 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 47,926 and the median income for a family was $ 62,271. Males had a median income of $ 47,892 versus $ 35,140 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 26,676. About 10.0% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over. 41°08′N 81°32′W  /  41.13°N 81.53°W  / 41.13; -81.53 National Audubon Society The National Audubon Society ( Audubon ; / ˈ ɔː d ə b ɒ n / )

3828-598: Was a leader in pushing for legislation to use BP oil spill penalties to rebuild the Gulf Coast. Audubon's Mississippi River and Louisiana Coastal Initiatives have been helping to restore coastal wetlands and to rebuild Mississippi River delta marshlands. The Mississippi Delta loses an area the size of Manhattan to the sea every year, stripping away coastal protections for both human communities and wildlife habitat. Audubon's Important Bird Area program has been protecting 370 million acres along migratory bird flyways in

3894-400: Was appalled by the negligent mass slaughter of birds that he saw taking place. As a boy, Grinnell had avidly read Ornithological Biography , a work by the bird painter John James Audubon ; he also lived in his early years in a development of the former Audubon estate, Audubon Park in upper Manhattan, and attended a school for boys conducted by Lucy Audubon . The Audubon name would become

3960-639: Was aware of the dangers facing many birds in the United States. There were, however, influential ornithologists who defended the collection of birds. In 1902, Charles B. Cory , the president-elect of the AOU refused to attend a meeting of the District of Columbia Audubon Society stating that "I do not protect birds. I kill them." In 1895, a second iteration of the Audubon Society was created, with an unbroken history that traces to today. Cousins and Boston socialites, Harriet Hemenway and Minna B. Hall , disturbed by

4026-674: Was established in 1916 as the St Louis Bird Club. In 1944, the Bird Club became the first local Audubon chapter in the United States. The national committee of Audubon societies was organized at a meeting held in Washington, D.C. in 1902. 1905 saw the organization of the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals; William Dutcher was president, and T. Gilbert Pearson

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4092-668: Was formed on March 3, 1840, from portions of Medina, Portage and Stark counties. It was named Summit County because the highest elevation on the Ohio and Erie Canal is in the county. Summit County is part of the Akron, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area . According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has

4158-413: Was founded in 1943. The Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary in Louisiana was acquired in 1924, and at 26,000 acres (110 km ) it is still the largest. In the late 20th century, the organization began to place a new emphasis on the development of Centers in urban locations, including Brooklyn, New York; East Los Angeles, California; Phoenix, Arizona; and Seattle, Washington. In 1934, with membership at

4224-452: Was intense. For example, great auks , whose habit of crowding together on rocks and beaches made them especially easy to hunt, had been driven to extinction early in the century. During one week in the spring of 1897, nature author Florence Merriam claimed to have seen 2,600 robins for sale in one market stall in Washington alone. By the start of the 20th century, the sale of bird flesh had never been greater. The second equally great threat to

4290-570: Was legally compelled to allow gas and oil drilling at the sanctuary under the terms of the land's donation by its original owners. This explanation, however, has been challenged. The presence of oil and gas drilling on Audubon's sanctuaries has been used to illustrate the difference between private and public decision-making. An August 26, 2009, an open letter was sent to the U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Committee calling for stronger climate protections, including an end to subsidies for drilling companies. This signatories of this letter included

4356-423: Was secretary and financial agent. During this time, Albert Willcox provided financial support, more than $ 331,072 in 1905 and 1906. At the end of 1906, the Association had an interest-bearing endowment fund of more than $ 336,000 and an income from other sources of approximately $ 9,000. Birds in the United States were threatened by market hunting as well as for the fashion industry. Pressure from shooting enthusiasts

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