Misplaced Pages

#812187

60-473: Altenburg was first mentioned in 976 and later became one of the first German cities within former Slavic area, east of the Saale river (as part of the medieval Ostsiedlung movement). The emperor Frederick Barbarossa visited Altenburg several times between 1165 and 1188, hence the town is named a Barbarossa town today. Since the 17th century, Altenburg was the residence of different Ernestine duchies, of whom

120-401: A better life in western Germany or other major east German cities like Leipzig , Dresden or Jena . The birth deficit, caused by the high average age of the population, is becoming a bigger problem because there is no immigration to compensate it. Despite urban planning activities to tear down unused flats, vacancy is still a problem with rates around 16% (according to 2011 EU census), which is

180-594: A construction boom and the town enlarged to all directions, particularly north and east towards the new railway station (opened in 1878). Its time as a state capital until 1918 led to many interesting public and private buildings in Gründerzeit style, same as in other historist styles. Later, the town lost some of its importance and became a simple district capital in Thuringia. World War II left Altenburg unscathed, so all historic buildings are preserved. Nevertheless,

240-515: A distance of 413 kilometres (257 mi) —shortened 14 kilometres (9 mi) by a bypass from its natural length of 427 kilometres (265 mi). The Saale is navigable from Naumburg and is also planned connected from Leuna with the White Elster near Leipzig by an unfinished canal. The soil of the lower part of its valley is exceptionally fertile, and produces, amongst other crops, large quantities of sugar beet . Among its tributaries are

300-704: A factory of Vion NV amongst others) and engineering with car component production in focus. The Gumpert Sportwagenmanufaktur produced the Gumpert Apollo supercar between 2005 and its bankruptcy in 2013. Altenburg is also noted for produced playing cards. The Altenburger Spielkartenfabrik (playing card factory) was founded in 1831; today it is a subsidiary company of Cartamundi and market leader in Germany. In 2012, there were 19 companies with more than 20 workers in industrial sector, employing 1,400 people and generating an overall turnover of €451 million. Altenburg

360-503: A former Soviet military airport, is situated 5 km (3 mi) east of the city and was used by Ryanair for flights to London Stansted , Barcelona- Girona and Edinburgh until 2011. Currently, there are no public flights at this airport. The next regional airport is located in Leipzig/Halle (60 km (37 mi) to the north). Biking is becoming more popular since the construction of long-distance cycle tracks began in

420-531: A government. In the UK, Canada and other electoral systems with single-member districts , this period is usually very brief, except in the rare occurrence of a hung parliament as occurred both in the UK in 2017 and in Australia in 2010. In parliamentary interregnums, the previous government usually stands as a caretaker government until the new government is established. Additionally, the term has been applied to

480-469: A majority of 54% in the district voted for Saxony in a plebiscite, the district council decided to join Thuringia together with the Schmölln district, partly because a vast majority of 80% in the neighboring Schmölln district had voted for Thuringia. These districts had formed the eastern part of Saxe-Altenburg until 1920 and were reunified as the modern-day Altenburger Land district in 1994. Altenburg

540-674: A market and a mint. Together with the Royal forests Leina, Pahna, Kammerforst and Luckauer Forst, lands of the Groitzsch family bought by Frederick Barbarossa , Altenburg, Colditz , Zwickau and Chemnitz were turned into the Terra Plisnensis . Altenburg and Chemnitz as Imperial towns were intended to reduce the importance of Leipzig held by the Margrave of Meissen. Under Frederick Barbarossa much building took place, especially in

600-619: A northern direction, and after passing the manufacturing town of Hof , enters Thuringia . It flows amid well-wooded low mountains of the Thuringian Forest until it reaches the valley of Saalfeld . After leaving Saalfeld the Saale reaches Rudolstadt . Here it receives the waters of the Schwarza , in whose valley lies the ruined castle of Schwarzburg , the ancestral seat of the formerly ruling House of Schwarzburg . From Saalfeld,

660-449: A short time in the mid-19th century. The population grew further to 40,000 in 1910, 44,000 in 1940 and peaked at about 56,000 around 1980 before starting to decline. In 1988, before reunification, Altenburg had 53,000 inhabitants, shrinking to 41,000 by 2000 and 33,000 in 2012. With a decline of nearly 40% since 1988, Altenburg is among the most rapidly declining urban areas in Germany. The average decrease of population between 2009 and 2012

SECTION 10

#1732765459813

720-605: A small tributary of Pleiße river. The Blaue Flut feeds the Großer Teich (big pond), an inner-city pond with an island in the middle, on which the Altenburg zoo is located. There is relatively little forest within the town's municipal territory: the small Stadtwald (town wood) and Herzog-Ernst-Wald (Duke Ernest wood) south of the center and the Fasanerieholz (Pheasantry wood) at Ehrenberg district. The elevation of

780-412: Is Mutzbraten , a flame-grilled pork speciality. Altenburg is also known for its mustard, which is produced by Altenburger Senf und Feinkost. Altenburger beer also enjoys some popularity. The industry of Altenburg was based on the production of textiles and hardware during the 19th and 20th century, but most of the companies did not survive the transition to capitalism after German reunification. Altenburg

840-530: Is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order . Archetypally, it was the period of time between the reign of one monarch and the next (coming from Latin inter- , "between" and rēgnum , "reign" [from rex, rēgis , "king"]), and the concepts of interregnum and regency therefore overlap. Historically, longer and heavier interregna have been typically accompanied by widespread unrest, civil and succession wars between warlords , and power vacuums filled by foreign invasions or

900-488: Is a regional service hub for retail, hospitals, government, culture etc. Tourism doesn't play a big role, although the city hosts many historic sights and is a local center of culture with theater and museums. In 2012, 37,000 hotel guests had 87,000 overnight stays in Altenburg. Altenburg was the first city in Thuringia with connection to the railway, established in 1842 with the Leipzig–Hof line . Initially, Altenburg station

960-925: Is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe . It is not to be confused with the smaller Franconian Saale , a right-bank tributary of the Main , or the Saale in Lower Saxony , a tributary of the Leine . The name Saale comes from the Proto-Indo-European root * séles 'marsh', akin to Welsh hêl, heledd 'river meadow', Cornish heyl 'estuary', Greek hélos 'marsh, meadow', Sanskrit sáras 'lake, pond', Sárasvati 'sacred river', Old Persian Harauvati ' Hārūt River ; Arachosia ', Avestan Haraxvatī , idem. It may also be related to

1020-542: Is called a sede vacante (literally "when the seat is vacant"). The interregnum ends immediately upon the election of a new Pope by the College of Cardinals . "Interregnum" is the term used in the Anglican Communion to describe the period before a new parish priest is appointed to fill a vacancy. During an interregnum, the administration of the parish is the responsibility of the churchwardens . In

1080-521: Is located on the southern edge of the Leipzig Bay , a flat and fertile area, with intensive agricultural use and lignite surface mining 10 km (6 mi) north of the town. The nearest mountains are the Ore Mountains approximately 50 km (31 mi) to the south-east. The Pleiße valley runs east of the city, whereas the center itself is located at Blaue Flut (blue flood) river,

1140-655: Is officially divided into 4 districts: For a detailed view of Altenburg's administrative division, see the list in German Misplaced Pages . Altenburg has been a relatively big town (compared to others in the wider region) down the centuries, because of its importance as a Kaiserpfalz and later as a ducal residence. During the Middle Ages, it had a population of 3,000 to 4,000 inhabitants, rising to 6,000 around 1700, 10,000 around 1800 and 20,000 around 1870, making it Thuringia's second-largest city after Erfurt for

1200-685: The A4 ( Erfurt – Dresden ) passes approximately 20 km (12 mi) south and the A72 ( Leipzig – Chemnitz ) passes approximately 20 km (12 mi) east of the city. Regional traffic is carried by the three national roadsn in Altenburg. The B7 is the connection to Gera (and A4 in Erfurt direction) in the south-west and to Rochlitz in the north-east, the B93 runs to Borna (and A72 in Leipzig direction) in

1260-671: The Evangelical Church in Central Germany and 2.5% are Catholics (according to 2011 EU census). Altenburg is nicknamed playing cards town . The game of skat is said to have originated here, based on the Bavarian tarock . Because of the influence Emperor Frederick Barbarossa had on the town, it is nicknamed a " Barbarossa town ". There are some museums in Altenburg: The town center of Altenburg within

SECTION 20

#1732765459813

1320-780: The Interregnum , the Terra Plisnensis was impounded, but bought back by Rudolph I of Germany , who desired the crown of Thuringia. Together with Zwickau and Chemnitz, Altenburg was part of the anti-Meissen Pleiße-city Union of 1290. After the Battle of Lucka in 1307 against Frederick the Brave of Meissen and his brother Diezmann, King Albert I lost Altenburg and the Pleiße-lands to the Wettin margraves of Meissen, who held

1380-547: The Kristallnacht in 1938, many Jews emigrated or were killed in the concentration camps. Furthermore, communists and invalids from Altenburg were murdered. During World War II , several subcamps of the Buchenwald concentration camp were located here. They provided 13,000 forced labourers for HASAG , the third largest German company to use concentration camp labour. The US Army reached Altenburg on 15 April 1945 and

1440-600: The Pleiße river in the very east of Thuringia, next to the neighboring federal state of Saxony . The town ( civitas Altenburg ) was first mentioned in a deed to the Bishop of Zeitz in 976. Remains of a Slavic castle on the Schloßberg ("Castle Hill") demonstrate that the town was probably a Slavic foundation, the capital of the shire of Plisni, taken over during the conquest of Meissen by Henry I . As shown by placenames,

1500-680: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth for instance, kings were elected, which often led to relatively long interregna. During that time it was the Polish primate who served as an interrex (ruler between kings). In Belgium the heir only becomes king upon swearing an oath of office before the parliament . A Papal interregnum occurs upon the death or resignation of the Pope of the Catholic Church , though this particular form

1560-523: The Revolution of 1918 on 13 November 1918 after being promised 12 million Marks and the ownership of numerous castles. The free-state of Saxe-Altenburg was merged with Thuringia in 1920. Altenburg was a working-class city during the Weimar Republic , ruled by SPD and KPD , which led to heavy conflicts between left- and right-wing forces after 1933. The Jewish community was destroyed during

1620-651: The Saxe-Altenburg persisted until the end of monarchy in Germany in 1918. Industrialization reached Altenburg and the region quite early in the first half of the 19th century and flourished until the Great Depression around 1930. Economic malaise set in while Altenburg was in East Germany and continued after German reunification in 1990, evidenced by a decline in population, high unemployment and house vacancy rates. The main sights of Altenburg are

1680-535: The United States presidential transition , the period of time between the election of a new U.S. president and his or her inauguration, during which the outgoing president remains in power, but as a lame duck . Similarly, in some Christian denominations , "interregnum" (interim) describes the time between vacancy and appointment of priest or pastors to various roles. Particular historical periods known as interregna include: In some monarchies, such as

1740-516: The 1990s. Both the Pleiße track , along the Pleiße valley from Werdau near Zwickau to Leipzig , and the Thuringian city track (Radweg Thüringer Städtekette) from Eisenach via Erfurt , Weimar , Jena and Gera to Altenburg, connect points of tourist interest. Local public transport within Altenburg is based exclusively on buses. Six lines connect the outlying quarters to the inner city. Furthermore, there are some regional bus services to

1800-758: The Altenburg station is the only station within the municipality, after the Paditz station (on the Hof line) and the North Altenburg station (on the Zeitz line) were closed. There are some regional trains to Leipzig , Zwickau and Erfurt (via Gera and Jena ) today. Glauchau can be reached by changing trains in the near Gößnitz station. With the rollout of the Leipzig City Tunnel in December 2013,

1860-622: The CDU has been mayor. The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 April 2018, and the results were as follows: The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows: Altenburg is twinned with: Saale The Saale ( German pronunciation: [ˈzaːlə] ), also known as the Saxon Saale ( German : Sächsische Saale pronounced [ˈzɛksɪʃə ˈzaːlə] ) and Thuringian Saale ( German : Thüringische Saale ),

Altenburg - Misplaced Pages Continue

1920-927: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , when the President of The Church dies, the First Presidency is dissolved and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (the Twelve) becomes the Church's presiding body. Any members of the First Presidency who were formerly members of the Twelve rejoin that quorum. The period between the death of the President and the reorganization of the First Presidency

1980-811: The Electorate ( Kurland ), Grimma , the Mutschener Pflege, Leisnig , Thuringia and the Vogtland . From this time on, Altenburg was historically connected with Thuringia and its dynasty, the Ernestine Wettins. The Reformation was introduced in Altenburg quite early, in 1522, by George Spalatin , Wenzeslaus Linck and Gabriel Zwilling . During the German Peasants' War of 1525, the Altenburg Augustinian monastery

2040-714: The Indo-European root * sal , "salt". The Slavic name of the Saale, Solawa , still found in Sorbian texts, comes from Old High German sol , "salt", and awa , "water". The Saale originates on the slope of the Großer Waldstein mountain near Zell in the Fichtel Mountains in Upper Franconia ( Bavaria ), at an elevation of 728 metres (2,388 ft). It pursues a winding course in

2100-529: The Saale enters the limestone hill region north of the Thuringian Forest, and sweeps beneath the hills enclosing the university town of Jena . It enters Saxony-Anhalt and passes the spa of Bad Kösen and, after receiving the deep and navigable Unstrut at Naumburg , flows past Weißenfels , Merseburg , Halle , Bernburg and Calbe . It finally joins the Elbe just above Barby , after traversing

2160-574: The Schloßberg outside of the town. The 11th century Mantelturm tower is still preserved. The castle later became an imperial palatinate and played an important part in the German takeover and settlement of the area between the Harz -mountains and the Elbe . In the middle of the 12th century, the Hohenstaufen emperors patronized Altenburg as one of their Kaiserpfalzes , allowing the town to become

2220-609: The United Kingdom, an interregnum is usually avoided due to a rule described as " The King is dead. Long live the King ", i.e. the heir to the throne becomes a new monarch immediately on his predecessor's death or abdication . This famous phrase signifies the continuity of sovereignty , attached to a personal form of power named Auctoritas . This is not so in other monarchies where the new monarch's reign begins only with coronation or some other formal or traditional event. In

2280-2366: The White Elster, Southern and Northern Regnitz and Orla on the right bank, and the Ilm , Unstrut, Salza , Wipper and Bode on the left. Its upper course is rapid. Its valley, down to Merseburg, contains many castles which crown the enclosing heights. Originating in Zell , the Saale flows through – Sparneck – Weißdorf – Seulbitz – Förbau – Schwarzenbach an der Saale – Fattigau – Oberkotzau – Hof – Brunnenthal – Saalenstein – Joditz – Landesgrenze Bayern/Thüringen – Hirschberg – Sparnberg – Rudolphstein – Blankenberg – Blankenstein – Harra – Saaldorf – Saalburg – Poeritzsch – Gräfenwarth – Burgk – Walsburg – Ziegenrück – Neidenberga – Hohenwarte – Eichicht – Kaulsdorf – Fischersdorf – Weischwitz – Reschwitz – Breternitz – Saalfeld – Schwarza – Volkstedt – Rudolstadt – Catharinau – Kolkwitz – Weißen – Uhlstädt – Rückersdorf – Zeutsch – Niederkrossen – Orlamünde – Freienorla – Großeutersdorf – Kleineutersdorf – Kahla – Großpürschütz – Jägersdorf – Rothenstein – Maua – Lobeda – Jena – Zwätzen – Porstendorf – Dornburg – Dorndorf-Steudnitz – Wichmar – Camburg – Tümpling – Großheringen – Kleinheringen – Landesgrenze Thüringen/Sachsen-Anhalt – Stendorf – Saaleck – Bad Kösen – Naumburg – Schellsitz - Schönburg – Eulau – Goseck – Leißling – Lobitzsch – Uichteritz – Markweben – Weißenfels – Dehlitz – Schkortleben – Kleinkorbetha – Großkorbetha – Oebles-Schlechtewitz – Wengelsdorf – Bad Dürrenberg – Kröllwitz – Leuna – Trebnitz – Merseburg – Meuschau – Freiimfelde – Schkopau – Korbetha – Hohenweiden – Rockendorf – Holleben – Halle – Kröllwitz – Lettin – Brachwitz – Schiepzig – Salzmünde – Pfützthal – Döblitz – Zaschwitz – Wettin – Kloschwitz – Rumpin – Dobis – Friedeburg – Zickeritz – Rothenburg – Nelben – Gnölbzig – Trebnitz – Alsleben – Poplitz – Großwirschleben – Plötzkau – Gröna – Neuborna – Bernburg – Dröbel – Nienburg – Wedlitz – Damaschkeplan – Wispitz – Calbe (Saale) – Trabitz – Groß Rosenburg – Werkleitz Left: Right: Interregnum List of forms of government An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums )

2340-435: The buildings' maintenance was neglected during the East German period, instead, some big Plattenbau settlements were set up on the northern and south-eastern periphery of Altenburg. After reunification, most of the main sights and historic buildings were refurbished. On the other hand, the city lost much of its population which led to a very high vacancy rate, especially in the old inner-city buildings, which today endangers

2400-447: The castle, the Lindenau-Museum , the historic city center (most buildings are from early-modern origin) and the Gründerzeit architecture around the center. The popular German card game Skat was developed in Altenburg during the 1810s and the founder of the famous Brockhaus Enzyklopädie , Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus , lived and worked in Altenburg between 1810 and 1817. Altenburg lies in the flat and fertile landscape of Osterland on

2460-436: The city and more than half of the population died. From 1705 onwards, the Magdalenenstift was a Protestant boarding school for young noble ladies. During the Napoleonic wars it was a scene of a brief Allied raid by the Saxon General Johann von Thielmann . When the Ernestine lands were re-divided in 1826, Altenburg became the capital of Saxe-Altenburg , successor state to the dissolved Saxe-Hildburghausen . Around 1830,

Altenburg - Misplaced Pages Continue

2520-421: The city center is 200 m, to the north it declines down to 162 m and in the south next to Mockzig district it rises up to 261 m. Altenburg is bounded by Windischleuba , Nobitz , Altkirchen , Göhren , Lödla , Rositz , Meuselwitz , Treben and Gerstenberg . Because of the quite densely settlement of the region, many small villages and ancient former suburbs are situated within the municipal territory, which

2580-444: The city until 1918. In 1455, Altenburg saw the division ( Altenburger Teilung ) of the Meissen lands between Elector Frederick II (the Gentle) and Duke William that led, after a failed attempt at reconciliation ( Hallescher Machtspruch ) to a war (1446–1451) between the two brothers ( Bruderkrieg ). In the second division of the Wettin lands between Ernest and Albert at Leipzig in 1485, Altenburg fell to Ernest, together with

2640-466: The city walls and gates were knocked down and the old suburbia in front of the former wall were incorporated. Industrialization began around this time and the economy and population both saw rapid growth, strengthened by the connection to the railway in 1842 (as Thuringia's first connected city). The Revolution of 1848 led to the abdication of the conservative duke Joseph , who was replaced by his more liberal brother George . The last duke abdicated during

2700-420: The economic situation of the city has improved a bit: the unemployment rate in the district declined from 24% in 2005 to 10% in 2013 with little bit higher rates in the city than in the other municipalities of the Altenburger Land district. Nevertheless, this is still one of the highest rates in Thuringia. Partly due to official atheism in former GDR , most of the population is non-religious. 12.1% are members of

2760-407: The emergence of a new power. A failed state is usually in interregnum. The term also refers to the periods between the election of a new parliament and the establishment of a new government from that parliament in parliamentary democracies, usually ones that employ some form of proportional representation that allows small parties to elect significant numbers, requiring time for negotiations to form

2820-430: The former wall has a planned grid of 12th/13th century origin, whereas the two old settlement cores were located around Brühl in the north-east and around St. Nicholas' Church in the south-west. The area around the castle and southward on the eastern bank of Blaue Flut river has also been urban since the Middle Ages, nevertheless, it was located outside the city walls. During the 19th and early 20th century, Altenburg saw

2880-472: The historic city structure because of many vacant old private houses. Agriculture plays an important role in the region, because the Loess soil around the city is very fertile. 69% of the municipal territory is in agricultural use, both for cultivation and cattle farming. A famous product of the region is Altenburger Ziegenkäse , a soft cheese of goat milk with some caraway seed inside with protected Geographical indication . Another typical dish of Altenburg

2940-476: The large cities around like Leipzig, Dresden, Halle, Jena and Erfurt, as well as the western German conurbations. Like most other small to middling eastern German towns, Altenburg has only a small amount of foreign population: circa 1.7% are non-Germans by citizenship and overall 1.6% are migrants (according to 2011 EU census ). Differing from the national average, the biggest groups of migrants in Altenburg are Russians and Vietnamese people . During recent years,

3000-454: The largest amount among Thuringia's major towns. A positive side effect for the inhabitants is that Altenburg has one of the lowest rent levels in Germany. The birth deficit was 282 in 2012, this is -8.5 per 1,000 inhabitants (Thuringian average: -4.5; national average: -2.4). The net migration rate was -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2012 (Thuringian average: -0.8; national average: +4.6). The most important target regions of Altenburg migrants are

3060-451: The market area, and the town grew rapidly. A priory of canons regular was founded and the parish church was finished in 1172. The twin towers of the 12th century Augustinian monastery ( Rote Spitzen ) are still preserved. A town wall with 5 gates was constructed at the end of the 12th century. Altenburg got its charter around 1200, in 1256 the Wettins confirmed it again. The law structure was transposed from Goslar municipal law. During

SECTION 50

#1732765459813

3120-447: The north and to Zwickau in the south and the B180 links Altenburg with Zeitz in the west and Hohenstein-Ernstthal (and A72/A4 in Chemnitz and Dresden direction via secondary road 1357) in the south-east. An important secondary road connects Altenburg with Gera north to the B7 via Lumpzig . The B7 and B93 bypass the town center on a ring road to absorb the transit traffic between Leipzig and Zwickau. The Leipzig-Altenburg Airport ,

3180-404: The services on the Leipzig–Hof/Zwickau line were reorganized and integrated in the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland with connections to Leipzig twice an hour. The connection to long-distance trains is carried out via Leipzig (north and east), Jena (south) and Erfurt (west), since the last long-distance trains on the Leipzig–Hof line ceased operating in 2006. Altenburg is situated between two Autobahns :

3240-404: The surrounding area ( Osterland ) was mainly settled by Slavs . The town's location on the imperial road ' Via Imperii ' between Halle and Cheb in Bohemia gave Altenburg economic importance in the salt trade. The first castle, located under the present day church St. Bartholomäi, was destroyed after the Battle of Hohenmölsen between Henry IV and Rudolph of Swabia . It was rebuilt on

3300-468: The villages in the district. The Altenburg Tramway was in operation from 1895 until 1920. There are three Gymnasiums in Altenburg: two state-owned and one Christian (ecumenical). The first freely elected mayor after German reunification was Johannes Ungvari of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who served from 1990 to 2000. He was succeeded by Michael Wolf of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who served until 2018. Since 2018, André Neumann of

3360-408: Was a terminus station, which became impractical as traffic grew, so a new through station was built in 1878 in the north-east of the city. In addition to the connections to Leipzig (1842) and Hof / Zwickau (1844), some more lines were established to Glauchau (1858, via Gößnitz ), to Gera (1865, via Gößnitz), to Zeitz (1872, abandoned in 2002) and to Narsdorf (1901, abandoned in 1998). Today,

3420-442: Was approximately 1.27% p.a., whereas the population in bordering rural regions is shrinking with accelerating tendency. Suburbanization played only a small role in Altenburg. It occurred after the reunification for a short time in the 1990s, but most of the suburban areas were situated within the administrative city borders, others are Windischleuba and Nobitz . During the 1990s and the 2000s, many inhabitants left Altenburg to search

3480-440: Was attacked. In the summer, four peasant rebels were executed at the marketplace. After the Schmalkaldic War brought defeat for the Ernestines, Altenburg belonged to the Albertines for short time (1547–1554) before coming back to the Ernestines after the Naumburg Treaty. From 1603 to 1672, Altenburg was the residence of an Ernestine line, after that, it fell to Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg . The Thirty Years' War brought heavy damage to

3540-426: Was especially known for its sewing machine production from companies like L. O. Dietrich (machines Vesta, Saxonia, Löwe, Minerva, Juno), Hermann Köhler AG (machines Köhler, Diva, Clementine, Hermann, Dora, Orion, Globus), Textima Wittenberge (Columba, Altin), Gustav Winselmann GmbH (Titan, Vera, Bera, Hera, Heraldus, Omnia, Marvel, Noris, Regia, Saxony, the Wellington). Today, the main branches are food industries (with

3600-404: Was replaced by the Soviet Army on 1 July 1945. In 1952, Thuringia was dissolved and replaced by administrative divisions of East Germany (Bezirks) . Altenburg became part of the Leipzig administrative district , in which it was the second largest city. After reunification, previously extant states were re-established in the former east Germany as federal states in the reunified Germany. Although

#812187