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43-484: This chapter is named after the family of Imran (Joachim), which includes Imran , Saint Anne (wife of Imran), Mary , and Jesus . Regarding the timing and contextual background of the asbāb al-nuzūl or circumstances of revelation, the chapter is believed to have been either the second or third of the Medinan surahs , as it references both the events of the battles of Badr and Uhud . Almost all of it also belongs to

86-712: A Christian. Joachim and Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate was a popular subject in artistic renditions of the life of the Virgin . Symbols associated with Saint Joachim include a book or scroll representing linen makers, a shepherd's staff for the Christian Word, and a basket of doves representing peace. He is almost always clothed in green, the color of hope. The name of the San Joaquin River dates to 1805–1808, when Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga

129-678: A great deal on this topic and this is not the place to expound on what they have said. On this matter, we follow the early Muslims ( salaf ): Malik , Awza'i , Thawri , Layth ibn Sa'd , Shafi'i , Ahmad ibn Hanbal , Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh , and others among the Imams of the Muslims, both ancient and modern that is, to let (the verse in question) pass as it has come, without saying how it is meant ( min ghayr takyif ), without likening it to created things ( wa la tashbih ), and without nullifying it ( wa la ta'til ): The literal meaning ( zahir ) that occurs to

172-462: A militant jihad and adhering to the renewal of one singular Islamic ummah . In contemporary scholarship, Ibn Kathir is widely regarded as an anti-rationalistic, hadith oriented scholar who adhered to the Athari creed , much like his mentor Ibn Taymiyya. According to Jane McAuliffe in regards of Qur'anic exegesis, Ibn Kathir uses methods contrary to former Sunni scholars, and followed largely

215-935: A person as the brother or sister of their notable ancestor: "This is similar to the saying, `O brother of Tamim,' to one who is from the Tamimi tribe, and `O brother of Mudar,' to one who is from the Mudari tribe." Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yaqoub has reported from Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al-Saadi, who told us Muhammad bin Khalid bin Uthma, told us Musa bin Yaqoub, told me Abu Al-Huwairith, that Muhammad bin Jubayr bin Mut’im told him, that he heard Ali - may God be pleased with him - addresses

258-507: A thousand angels with the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and the second wind was Michael who descended among a thousand angels to the right of the Messenger of God - may God bless him and his family and grant them peace - and Abu Bakr was On his right, and the third wind was Israfil. He descended with a thousand angels on the side of the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family - and I

301-554: Is remembered (with Anne) in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 26 July . Joachim is named as the patron saint of fathers, grandfathers, grandparents, married couples, cabinet makers, and linen traders. In medieval art, he often wears a conical Jewish hat . He is often treated as a saint, with a halo , but in the Latin Church , there was some awareness that he had quite likely died too soon to be counted as

344-557: Is clear that there are eighteen centuries between the Biblical ‘Amram and the father of Maryam. Similarly, Stowasser concludes that "to confuse Mary the mother of Jesus with Mary the sister of Moses and Aaron in Torah is completely wrong and in contradiction to the sound Hadith and the Qur'anic text as we have established". Rather it serves as a pun for the name Miriam , daughter of Amram and

387-645: Is highly regarded especially among Salafi school of thought. Although Ibn Kathir claimed to rely on at-Tabari , he introduced new methods and differs in content, in attempt to clear Islam from that he evaluates as Isra'iliyyat. His suspicion on Isra'iliyyat possibly derived from Ibn Taimiyya's influence, who discounted much of the exegetical tradition since then. His Tafsir has gained widespread popularity in modern times, especially among Western Muslims, probably due to his straightforward approach, but also due to lack of alternative translations of traditional tafsirs. Ibn Kathir's Tafsir work has played major impact in

430-766: Is nothing with what Allah describes Himself with nor his Prophet describes Allah with from likening Allah to his Creation (tashbeeh). Whosoever affirms for Allah what has reached Us from the Truthful Ayahs (verses) and Correct Hadeeth (Prophetic narrations) on the way that is befitting the Majesty of Allah while negating from Allah all defects indeed He has traveled the way of guidance." (Tafsir Ibn Kathir 7:54) These words from Ibn Kathir were argued by Athari scholarship as proof of Ibn Kathir not being Ash'arite. According to Salafi Muslims, since Ibn Kathir does not use logical rationale to reject anthropomorphism, he believed

473-437: Is recognized for its critical approach to Israʼiliyyat , especially among Western Muslims and Wahhabi scholars . His methodology largely derives from his teacher Ibn Taymiyya , and differs from that of other earlier renowned exegetes such as Tabari . He adhered to the Athari school of Islamic theology. His full name was Abū l-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar ibn Kaṯīr ( أبو الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير ‎ ) and had

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516-595: The laqab (epithet) of ʿImād ad-Dīn ( عماد الدين ‎ "pillar of the faith"). His family trace its lineage back to the tribe of Quraysh . He was born in Mijdal, a village on the outskirts of the city of Busra , in the east of Damascus, Syria , around about AH 701 (AD 1300/1). He was taught by Ibn Taymiyya and Al-Dhahabi . Upon completion of his studies he obtained his first official appointment in 1341, when he joined an inquisitorial commission formed to determine certain questions of heresy. He married

559-724: The Musnad of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal in an attempt to rearrange it topically rather than by narrator. He died in February 1373 ( AH 774) in Damascus. He was buried next to his teacher Ibn Taymiyya . The records from modern researchers such as Taha Jabir Alalwani , Yazid Abdu al Qadir al-Jawas, and Barbara Stowasser has demonstrated important similarities between Ibn Kathir and his influential master Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah , such as rejecting logical exegesis of Qur'an , advocating

602-770: The Council of Trent (1545–1563) restricted the depiction of apocryphal events. No liturgical celebration of Saint Joachim was included in the Tridentine calendar . It was added to the General Roman Calendar in 1584, for celebration on 20 March, the day after the feast day of Saint Joseph . In 1738, it was transferred to the Sunday within the Octave of the Assumption of Mary . As part of his effort to allow

645-601: The 13th AD century. while modern scholars such as Marzuq at Tarifi, and Sa'id Musfir al-Qahtani further posited that Abu al-Hasan al-Ashʿari , the eponym of Asharite school, himself was not fond of his "Asharite followers" and pointed out on his book, al-ibāna, that Abu al Hasan was teaching the method similar to Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Kathir, and rejected the Ahl al Kalam and Maturidites such as Al-Razi. In summary, Jon Hoover outlined that Ibn Kathir stance according to scholars were orthodox traditionists and rejected

688-703: The Quran confuses Mary mother of Jesus with Mary the sister of Moses , by referring to Mary, the mother of Jesus' father as Imran, which is the Arabic version of Amram , who in Exodus 6:20 , is shown to be the father of Moses. Dawood, in a note to Surah 19:28, where Mary the Mother of Jesus is referred to as the "Sister of Aaron", and Aaron was the brother of Mary sister of Moses, states: "It Appears that Miriam, Aaron's sister, and Maryam (Mary), mother of Jesus, were according to

731-474: The Quran, the same person." Although Islamic studies of the beginning of the 20th century tended to note genealogical discrepancies, in more recent Islamic Studies of the 21st century the general consensus is, according to Angelika Neuwirth , Nicolai Sinai and Michael Marx, that the Quran does not make a genealogical error but instead makes use of typology . This is, following Wensinck's conclusion, supported by

774-414: The attributes of God cannot be likened to creatures, while simultaneously affirming the verses and hadith about God's Attributes such as residence above His Throne and His Exaltation above all creatures. Salafis rebut Ash'arite claims as Formal fallacy regarding Ibn Kathir tafsir, and other claims such as four madhhab schools as supporting Ash'ari and Maturidites are fabrications. For this, they employ

817-818: The contemporary movements of Islamic reform. Salafi reformer Jamal al-Din Qasimi 's Qurʾānic exegsis Maḥāsin al-taʾwīl was greatly influenced by Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Kathīr, which is evident from its emphasis on ḥadīth , Scripturalist approaches, the rejection of Isrāʾīliyyāt , and a polemical attitudes against the Ahl al-raʾy . From the 1920s onwards, Wahhabi scholars also contributed immensely to popularisation of ḥadīth-oriented hermeneutics and exegeses, such as Ibn Kathīr's and al-Baghawī ’s Qurʾān commentaries and Ibn Taymiyya’s al-Muqaddima fī uṣūl al-tafsīr , through printing press. The Wahhābī promotion of Ibn Taymiyya’s and Ibn Kathīr’s works through print publishing during

860-518: The daughter of Al-Mizzi , one of the foremost Syrian scholars of the period, which gave him access to the scholarly elite. In 1345 he was made preacher ( khatib ) at a newly built mosque in Mizza, the hometown of his father-in-law. In 1366, he rose to a professorial position at the Great Mosque of Damascus . In later life, he became blind. He attributes his blindness to working late at night on

903-407: The early twentieth century emerged instrumental in making these two scholars popular in the contemporary period and imparted a robust impact on modern exegetical works. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm is controversial in western academic circles. Henri Laoust regards it primary as a philological work and "very elementary". Norman Calder describes it as narrow-minded, dogmatic, and skeptical against

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946-517: The fact that: Ibn Kathir wrote a famous commentary on the Qur'an named Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm better known as Tafsir Ibn Kathir which linked certain Hadith , or sayings of Muhammad , and sayings of the sahaba to verses of the Qur'an, in explanation and avoided the use of Isra'iliyyats . Many Sunni Muslims hold his commentary as the best after Tafsir al-Tabari and Tafsir al-Qurtubi and it

989-466: The father of Mary, mother of Jesus . As there is sparse evidence for Joachim being the name for the father of Mary, the Quranic account possibly alludes to the pun of Miriam , the daughter of Amram and sister of Aaron , for whom Muslim tradition believes Mary is named after. It also serves as a common focal point for Jewish and Christian audiences. According to Iraqi Jewish translator, N.J. Dawood ,

1032-778: The figurative speech of the Quran and the Islamic tradition: Maryam is called a sister of Hārūn, and the use of these three names ‘Imrān, Hārūn, and Maryam has led to the supposition that the Qur'ān does not clearly distinguish between the two Maryams, of the Old and the New Testaments. ... It is not necessary to assume that these kinship links are to be interpreted in modern terms. The words "sister" and "daughter", like their male counterparts, in Arabic usage, can indicate extended kinship, descendance or spiritual affinity. ... Muslim tradition

1075-609: The first time in the 2nd-century apocryphal infancy-gospel the Gospel of James (also called the Protoevangelium of James ). Joachim was a rich and pious man, who regularly gave to the poor. However, Charles Souvay, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia , says that the idea that Joachim possessed large herds and flocks is doubtful. At the temple, Joachim's sacrifice was rejected, as the couple's childlessness

1118-453: The generation of Sahaba Salaf , where Zubayr ibn al-Awwam , one of The ten to whom Paradise was promised also taught this view. Contemporary researchers notes that these anti rationalistic, anti Ash'arite methods of Ibn Kathir shared with his teacher Ibn Taimiyyah; were proven in his tafseer regarding the Day of Resurrection and Hypocrisy in Qur'an. Ibn Kathir states: "People have said

1161-468: The husband of Saint Anne , the father of Mary, mother of Jesus , and the maternal grandfather of Jesus . The story of Joachim and Anne first appears in the Gospel of James , part of the New Testament apocrypha . His feast day is 26 July, a date shared with Saint Anne. The story of Joachim, his wife Anne (or Anna), and the miraculous birth of their child Mary, the mother of Jesus, was told for

1204-406: The intellectual achievements of former exegetes. His concern is limited to rate the Quran by the corpus of Hadith and is the first, who flatly rates Jewish sources as unreliable, while simultaneously using them, just as prophetic hadith, selectively to support his prefabricated opinion. Otherwise, Jane Dammen McAuliffe regards this tafsir as "deliberately and carefully selected, whose interpretation

1247-538: The liturgy of Sundays to be celebrated, Pope Pius X (term 1903–1914) transferred it to 16 August, the day after the Assumption, so Joachim may be remembered in the celebration of Mary's triumph. On May 28, 1906, Pope Saint Pius X introduced the indulgence of 300 days, that can be obtained once a day, for each invocation of "Saint Joachim, spouse of Saint Anne and father of the Blessed Virgin". The feast

1290-750: The methodology of Ibn Taymiyyah. Barbara Freyer contends that this anti-rationalistic, traditionalistic and hadith oriented approaches held by Ibn Kathir were shared not only by Ibn Taymiyyah, but also by Ibn Hazm , Bukhari independent Madhhab , and also scholars from Jariri , and Zahiri Maddhabs. According to Christian Lange , although he was a Shafi , he was closely aligned with Damascene Hanbalism. David L. Johnston described him as "the traditionist and Ash'arite Ibn Kathir". Taha Jabir Alalwani, Professor and President of Cordoba University in Ashburn, Virginia maintains that these traditionalistic views of Ibn Kathir claimed by Salafists were rooted further to

1333-651: The minds of anthropomorphists ( al-mushabbihin ) is negated of Allah , for nothing from His creation resembles Him: "There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing" Rather this affair is like what the Grand Shaykh of Imam Bukhari Shaykh Naeem ibn Hamaad Khazaa'i said "Whosoever likens Allah to his Creation has done Kufr (disbelieved) and whosoever negates what Allah describes Himself with has also done Kufr (Disbelieved) There

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1376-405: The people, and he said: While I was leaving from the well of Badr, a strong wind came, the like of which I had never seen, then it left, then came a strong wind, the like of which I have never seen except for the one before it, then it went, then came a strong wind that I did not see before. I have never seen anything like it except for the one before it, and the first wind was Gabriel descended among

1419-556: The reports from Ahmad ibn Hanbal who rejected the views of those who were allegedly deemed as proto Asharites and Maturidites, the Mutakallim , and deems them as not in Ahl as Sunnah teaching. According to Livnat Holtzman, historically the school of Ahl al-Hadith championed by none other than Ibn Kathir's master, Ibn Taymiyyah, had successfully crushed the interrogation and accusation from Ash'arite rational (Kalam) argumentations during

1462-483: The sister of Aaron , venerated for helping to save her brother Moses as an infant. According to Muslim tradition, she serves as the forebearer of that name for Mary , mother of Jesus. This matter has been explained in the following Hadith : Mughira ibn Shu’ba reported: When I came to Najran, they (the Christians of Najran) asked me: You read" O sister of Harun" (i. e. Hadrat Maryam) in the Qur'an, whereas Moses

1505-512: The third Hijri year , though a minority of its verses might have been revealed during the visit of the deputation of the Christian community of Najran at the event of the mubahala , which occurred around the 10th year of the Hijrah. The chapter takes its name from the family of Imran mentioned in verse 3:33 . According to Christian tradition , Joachim is the husband of Saint Anne and

1548-624: The view of Mutakallims, just like the view of Salafi Muslims and their predecessor Ahl al-Hadith school. In the modern times, Ibn Kathir's creed have sometimes been raised as a subject of disagreement between the Ash'arites, successor of Ahl al-Ra'y rationalist school and the Salafis , theorized by Jon Hoover as successor of Ahl al-Hadith traditionist school. Some Ash'arite theologians have claimed Ibn Kathir as an Ash'ari, pointing out some of his beliefs and sayings reported from his works, and to

1591-560: Was an Arab Islamic exegete, historian and scholar. An expert on tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis), tarikh (history) and fiqh (jurisprudence), he is considered a leading authority on Sunni Islam . Born in Bostra , Mamluk Sultanate , Ibn Kathir's teachers include al-Dhahabi and Ibn Taymiyya . He wrote several books, including a fourteen-volume universal history titled al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya ( Arabic : البداية والنهاية ). His renowned tafsir , Tafsir Ibn Kathir ,

1634-459: Was born much before Jesus. When I came back to Allah's Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, I asked him about that, whereupon he said: The (people of the old age) used to give names (to their persons) after the names of Apostles and pious persons who had gone before them. Ibn Kathir (d.1373) also commented on this in his Quranic exegesis ( tafsir ), recalling the Arab tradition of addressing

1677-606: Was destined for great things. Parallels occur in the Hebrew Bible in the case of Sarah , the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac ; Hannah , the mother of Samuel ; and in the New Testament in the case of the parents of John the Baptist . The cycle of legends concerning Joachim and Anne was included in the Golden Legend (around 1260) by Jacobus de Voragine . This cycle remained popular in Christian art until

1720-484: Was interpreted as a sign of divine displeasure. Joachim consequently withdrew to the desert, where he fasted and did penance for 40 days. Angels then appeared to both Joachim and Anne to promise them a child. Joachim later returned to Jerusalem and embraced Anne at the city gate , located in the Walls of Jerusalem . An ancient belief held that a child born of an elderly mother who had given up hope of having offspring

1763-496: Was on the right side. When God Almighty defeated his enemies, the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family - carried me on his horse, I blew up, and I fell On my heels, I prayed to God Almighty. Joachim Joachim ( / ˈ dʒ oʊ ə k ɪ m / ; Hebrew : יהויקים , romanized :  Yəhoyāqim , lit.   'he whom Yahweh has set up'; Greek : Ἰωακείμ , romanized :  Iōākeím ) was, according to Christianity ,

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1806-870: Was surveying east from Mission San José to find possible sites for a mission. The name was in common use by 1810. In Islam he is called Imran ( Arabic : عمران , romanized :  ʿImrān ). According to the Quran in Surah Al Imran , Imran is the father of Maryam and grandfather of ʿIsa . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " St. Joachim ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Ibn Kathir Abu al-Fida Isma'il ibn Umar ibn Kathir al-Dimashqi ( Arabic : أبو الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير الدمشقي , romanized :  Abū al-Fiḍā’ Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī ; c.  1300–1373 ), known simply as Ibn Kathir ,

1849-661: Was then celebrated as a Double of the Second Class , a rank that was changed in 1960 to that of Second Class Feast . In the 1969 revision of the General Roman Calendar, it was joined to that of Anne, for celebration on 26 July. The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches commemorate Joachim on 9 September, the Synaxis of Joachim and Anne, the day after the Nativity of Mary . Joachim

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