Albemarle Barracks was a prisoner-of-war camp for British prisoners during the American Revolutionary War .
88-784: Following Gen. John Burgoyne 's defeat at the Battle of Saratoga , in 1777, several thousand British and German ( Hessian and Brunswickian ) troops, of what came to be known as the Convention Army , were marched to Cambridge, Massachusetts. For various reasons, the Continental Congress desired to move them south. One of Congress' members, Col. John Harvie/Harvey, Sr. and sons offered some of his lands outside of Charlottesville, Virginia . The remaining soldiers (some 2,000 British, upwards of 1,900 German, and roughly 300 women and children) marched south in late 1778 - arriving at
176-776: A Whig Burgoyne had been a supporter of the North government . Following his return from Saratoga he began to associate with the Rockingham Whigs . In 1782 when his political friends came into office, Burgoyne was restored to his rank, given the colonelcy of the King's Own Royal Regiment , made commander-in-chief in Ireland and appointed a privy councillor . After the fall of the Rockingham government in 1783, Burgoyne withdrew more and more into private life. His last public service
264-528: A Whig . For the next few years he occupied himself chiefly with his parliamentary duties, in which he was remarkable for his general outspokenness and, in particular, for his attacks on Lord Clive , who was at the time considered the nation's leading soldier. He achieved prominence in 1772 by demanding an investigation of the East India Company alleging widespread corruption by its officials and much later in life Burgoyne would take an active part in
352-458: A dramatist. Burgoyne has often been portrayed by historians and commentators as a classic example of the marginally-competent aristocratic British general who acquired his rank by political connections, rather than ability. However, accounts of those that served under him, particularly that of Corporal Roger Lamb, noted that Burgoyne "shunned no danger; his presence and conduct animated the troops (for they greatly loved their general)." Accounts of
440-522: A plaque for the Albemarle Barracks burial site. Located on what is now Ivy Farm Drive, the spot marks the location of several graves found when the land was developed for residential use. To see the marker, drive west of Charlottesville on Barracks Road to Barracks Farm Road. The marker is located on the north side of Ivy Farm Drive, in a private yard, a couple hundred yards from where this road separates from Barracks Farm Road. Note: Though
528-549: A ruthless and risk-taking general with a keen perception of his opponents and also a perceptive social and political commentator. Burgoyne has made appearances as a character in historical and alternative history fiction. He appears as a character in George Bernard Shaw 's play The Devil's Disciple and its 1959 and 1987 film adaptions, portrayed by Laurence Olivier and Ian Richardson respectively. Historical novels by Chris Humphreys that are set during
616-615: A significant role in those battles. Burgoyne's aide-de-camp Sir Francis Clerke was killed on 15 October. On 17 October 1777, Burgoyne surrendered his entire army, numbering 5,800. This was the greatest victory the American forces had up to that point in the Revolutionary War, and it proved to be the turning point in the war, as France entered into an alliance with the American Patriots. Burgoyne's journey through
704-467: A smaller force that would come down the Mohawk River valley under Barry St. Leger . This would divide New England from the southern colonies, and, it was believed, make it easier to end the rebellion. From the beginning, Burgoyne was vastly overconfident. Leading what he believed was an overwhelming force, he saw the campaign largely as a stroll that would make him a national hero who had saved
792-461: A wealthy Hackney merchant. There were rumours that Burgoyne was in fact the illegitimate son of Lord Bingley , who was his godfather . When Bingley died in 1731, his will specified that Burgoyne was to inherit his estate if his daughters had no male issue. From the age of 10, Burgoyne attended the prestigious Westminster School , as did many British army officers of the time such as Thomas Gage , with whom Burgoyne would later serve. Burgoyne
880-429: The 233rd Infantry Brigade . In November 1943, the battalion was moved to Palestine and then Italy with the 25th Indian Infantry Brigade, part of the 10th Indian Infantry Division. In Italy, on 30 January 1944, the 8th Battalion was disbanded and its personnel merged with the few surviving remnants of the 1st Battalion, King's Own, which had been virtually lost during the fighting at Leros . The 9th Battalion served in
968-597: The 28th Division . It took heavy casualties at the Battle of Frezenberg in May 1915 before moving to Egypt in October 1915 and then to Salonika . The 3rd (Reserve) Battalion remained in the United Kingdom throughout the war and supplied drafts of trained infantrymen as replacements to the regular battalions that were serving overseas. The 1/4th Battalion was mobilised in the 164th (North Lancashire) Brigade of
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#17327718925191056-468: The 47th (Reserve) Infantry Division in the United Kingdom until December 1941. The battalion was transferred to the Royal Artillery and was converted into the 90th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery, serving with the 45th Division from February 1942 until November 1943 when it was disbanded. The 50th (Holding) Battalion was formed in the United Kingdom on 28 May 1940. On 9 October 1940, it
1144-644: The 55th (West Lancashire) Division ; it was temporarily attached to 154th (3rd Highland) Brigade in 51st (Highland) Division and landed in France in May 1915; it returned to 164 Brigade in January 1916. The 1/5th Battalion was mobilised in the 164th (North Lancashire) Brigade of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division; it landed in France in February 1915 and was temporarily attached to 28th Division and 1st Division ; it returned to 166th (South Lancashire) Brigade in
1232-607: The Battle of France in May 1940 and was evacuated at Dunkirk . In 1942, it was sent to join 70th Infantry Division in India, where it was converted into a Light Anti-Aircraft/Anti-Tank Regiment in 1943. In this guise, it served in the Burma Campaign, mainly with 5th Indian Infantry Division . It reconverted to the anti-tank role in late 1944 and in June 1945 it returned to India as a Royal Artillery training unit. In June 1939,
1320-604: The Battle of Vigo Bay in October 1702 and the capture of Gibraltar in August 1704. In 1711, it was redesignated line infantry and took part in the Quebec Expedition . In what remains one of the worst naval disasters in British history, the fleet ran aground in thick fog and over 890 men lost, including 200 members of the regiment. With the accession of George I in 1714, it was retitled The Kings Own and spent
1408-638: The Battle of White Marsh in December 1777. The first British soldiers to die in the American Revolution were arguably three members of the light company of the 4th Foot, who died at Concord Bridge in 1775. In early 1778, it returned to Saint Lucia where it was part of the garrison during the December 1778 naval battle of St. Lucia , part of the Anglo-French War . The regiment was sent to Nova Scotia in May 1787 and took part in
1496-541: The British Expeditionary Force . It was nearly destroyed as a fighting unit at the Battle of Le Cateau on 26 August 1914, when it suffered some 400 casualties in a single two minute burst of machine gun fire. It served on the Western Front for the rest of the war. The 2nd Battalion returned from India in December 1914 and landed at Le Havre in January 1915 as part of the 83rd Brigade in
1584-754: The British House of Commons from 1761 to 1792. As a member of the British Army he first saw action during the Seven Years' War when he participated in several battles, most notably during the Spanish invasion of Portugal in 1762. Burgoyne is best known for his role in the American Revolutionary War . He designed an invasion scheme and was appointed to command a force moving south from Canada to split away New England and end
1672-738: The Coldstream Guards . In 1758, he participated in several expeditions against the French coast . During this period he was instrumental in introducing light cavalry into the British Army. The two regiments then formed were commanded by George Augustus Eliott (afterwards Lord Heathfield ) and Burgoyne. This was a revolutionary step, and Burgoyne was a pioneer in the early development of British light cavalry. Burgoyne admired independent thought amongst common soldiers, and encouraged his men to use their own initiative, in stark contrast to
1760-653: The Duc de Choiseul who would later become the Foreign Minister and directed French policy during the Seven Years War . While in Rome, Burgoyne had his portrait painted by the British artist Allan Ramsay . In late 1754, Burgoyne's wife gave birth to a daughter, Charlotte Elizabeth, who was to prove to be the couple's only child. In the hope that a granddaughter would soften Derby's opposition to their marriage,
1848-637: The First and the Second World Wars , from 1680 to 1959. In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the Border Regiment to form the King's Own Royal Border Regiment . Previous names include the 2nd Tangier Regiment , Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York and Albany's Regiment of Foot , The Queen's Regiment of Foot , and The King's Own Regiment . Authorisation to recruit the regiment
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#17327718925191936-570: The Impeachment of Warren Hastings . During the interwar years Burgoyne devoted much attention to art and drama (his first play, The Maid of the Oaks , was produced by David Garrick in 1775). In the army, he had been promoted to major-general and made Governor of Fort William (commander of the major British Army garrison in Scotland). At the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War , he
2024-763: The Siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854. It also saw action in Abyssinia in 1868, and in South Africa in 1879. The regiment was not fundamentally affected by the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, which gave it a depot at Bowerham Barracks in Lancaster from 1873, or by the Childers reforms of 1881 – as it already possessed two battalions, there was no need for it to amalgamate with another regiment. Under
2112-600: The War of 1812 and saw action at the Battle of Bladensburg in August 1814, the Burning of Washington later in August 1814 the Battle of Baltimore in September 1814, and the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815, as well as the capture of Fort Bowyer in February 1815. It briefly returned to England in May 1815, before embarking for Flanders a few weeks later to fight at the Battle of Waterloo in June. Detachments of
2200-623: The War of the Austrian Succession led to an expansion in the size of the British Army . In April 1745, Burgoyne joined the newly raised 1st Royal Dragoons as a cornet , a commission he did not have to pay for as it was newly created. In April 1745, he was promoted to lieutenant. In 1747, Burgoyne managed to scrape the money together to purchase a captaincy . The end of the war in 1748 cut off any prospect of further active service. Through his friendship with Lord Strange, Burgoyne came to know Strange's sister, Lady Charlotte Stanley,
2288-738: The defence of Tobruk and later formed part of the garrison of Ceylon . In September 1943, the battalion was stationed with 70th Division at Bangalore in India when it was selected for attachment to the second Long Range Penetration or Chindits brigade ( 111th Indian Infantry Brigade ) for the Burma Campaign . It formed 41 and 46 Columns in the Second Chindit Campaign , crossing into Burma in March 1944 and being flown out to India in July 1944. From November 1944 to February 1945,
2376-517: The 1/5th and 2/5th battalions; it 5th (Reserve) Battalion. The 12th Battalion was formed on 1 January 1917 from 41st Provisional Battalion (TF) in 218th Brigade of 73rd Division , a Home Defence formation; it was disbanded March 1918. The 6th (Service) Battalion was formed in August 1914; it was attached to 38th Brigade in 13th (Western) Division ; it landed at Gallipoli July 1915 and later served in Mesopotamia . The 7th (Service) Battalion
2464-521: The 1689 to 1697 Nine Years' War . The regiment fought at the battles of Steenkerque in August 1692, and Landen in July 1693 and the Siege of Namur in summer 1695. After the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, it was reduced in strength and used to garrison Plymouth and Penryn . When the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1702, it was reformed as a regiment of marines and fought at
2552-440: The 1940 campaign in both France and Belgium . After being evacuated at Dunkirk , the 6th Battalion later served in a succession of Home Forces formations: 218th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home) , 48th Division , 54th Division , 76th Division . The battalion never again served overseas and was disbanded in July 1944. The 7th Battalion served with the 71st Independent Infantry Brigade before being sent to form part of
2640-504: The 55th (West Lancashire) Division February 1915, then to 170th (2/1st North Lancashire) Brigade of 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division ; it landed in France February 1917. The 3/4th Battalion was formed June 1915 as a reserve battalion; it amalgamated with 2/4th Battalion in January 1916. The 3/5th Battalion was formed June 1915 as a reserve battalion; it remained in the United Kingdom and supplied drafts of trained infantrymen to
2728-454: The 55th Division in January 1916. The 2/4th Battalion was formed September 1914 as a 2nd Line duplicate of 1/4th Battalion; it became the 4th (Reserve) Battalion and absorbed 5th (Reserve) Battalion 1916; it was stationed in Dublin from June 1918. The 2/5th Battalion was formed September 1914 as a 2nd Line duplicate of 1/5th Battalion; it was attached to the 164th (North Lancashire) Brigade of
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2816-527: The 56th Anti-Tank Regiment spun off a duplicate unit, the 66th Anti-Tank Regiment , which served in Home Forces throughout the war, mainly with the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division . In September 1941, the 56th and 66th Anti-Tank Regiments each provided a battery to help form a new regiment for overseas service, 83rd Anti-Tank Regiment . This regiment served in Iraq, Palestine and Egypt. Before
2904-473: The 5th Battalion, King's Own, a 1st Line Territorial Army battalion. The new 107th Regiment went on to serve in the North-west Europe from 1944-1945. After the war, all the units created during the war were disbanded; also, following Indian independence , there was no longer a need to maintain such a large overseas garrison and thus the 2nd Battalion was disbanded in 1948. The regiment received
2992-566: The British army moved northward from the Carolinas, in late 1780, the remaining prisoners were moved to Frederick, Maryland , Winchester, Virginia , and perhaps elsewhere. The former site of Albemarle Barracks is on private property, northwest of downtown Charlottesville at the foot of Barracks Farm Rd. and marked by a Virginia State historical marker. In 1983, the Albemarle County Historical Society erected
3080-477: The Burgoynes returned to Britain in 1755. Lord Strange interceded on their behalf with Derby, who soon changed his mind and accepted them back into the family. Burgoyne soon became a favourite of Derby, who used his influence to boost Burgoyne's prospects. A month after the outbreak of the Seven Years' War , Burgoyne bought a commission in the 11th Dragoons . In 1758, he became captain and lieutenant-colonel in
3168-623: The German Advance at the Battle of St. Quentin on 21 March 1918. The 9th (Service) Battalion was formed in October 1914; it was attached to 65th Brigade in 22nd Division and served in Salonika. The 10th (Reserve) Battalion was formed in October 1914; it remained in the United Kingdom and supplied drafts to the Service battalions overseas; it converted into 43rd Training Reserve Battalion in September 1916. The 11th (Service) Battalion
3256-597: The Gibraltar garrison, with the 2nd Gibraltar Brigade , in June 1942. In March 1943, the battalion was sent to India where it joined 150th Indian Training Brigade but it did not see action against the Japanese . The battalion was disbanded after the war in 1947. The 8th Battalion joined the Malta garrison in August 1941 and served through the Siege . It was assigned to the 232nd Infantry Brigade and briefly joined
3344-577: The Loyal and Friendly Society of Orange and Blew to commemorate the victories at the Battle of Culloden and Boyne in 1732 and a full list of members wearing the society medal has been compiled. Following the army reforms of 1751, the regiment was retitled 4th (King's Own) Regiment of Foot . At the start of the Seven Years' War in 1756, it was part of the Menorca garrison; forced to surrender in June it
3432-623: The Oaks and The Heiress , but his plays never reached the fame of his military career. He served as a member of the House of Commons for many years, sitting for the seats of Midhurst and Preston . John Burgoyne was born in Sutton , Bedfordshire on 24 February 1722, son of Army officer Captain John Burgoyne (died 1768; son of Sir John Burgoyne, 3rd Baronet ), of Sherbourne, Warwickshire , and Anna Maria, daughter of Charles Burneston,
3520-728: The Peninsula in October 1810 where it fought at the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812, the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812 and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813 as well as the Siege of San Sebastián in September 1813. It then pursued the French Army into France and saw action at the Battle of the Nivelle in November 1813 and at the Battle of the Nive in December 1813. It embarked for North America in June 1814 for service in
3608-627: The Portuguese loss of Almeida . This played a major part in repulsing a large Spanish force bent on invading Portugal . Burgoyne's conduct during the invasion greatly impressed his superior; the Field Marshal Count La Lippe . La Lippe commissioned the 1766 portrait of Burgoyne by Joshua Reynolds and the painting was held by Lippe's descendants until 1943. In 1768, he was elected to the House of Commons for Preston as
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3696-552: The Saratoga campaign also feature him, and alternate or mystical history versions of his campaign are featured in For Want of a Nail by Robert Sobel and the 1975 CBS Radio Mystery Theater play Windandingo . 4th Regiment of Foot The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army . It served under various titles and fought in many wars and conflicts, including both
3784-667: The Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the Territorial Force and the latter the Special Reserve ; the regiment now had one Reserve and two Territorial battalions. The regiment raised 14 Territorial and New Army battalions during the First World War . The 1st Battalion landed at Boulogne in August 1914 as part of the 12th Brigade in the 4th Division of
3872-403: The army with loss of rank; a rare public rebuke of a high-ranking officer for which Burgoyne received widespread ridicule in Britain. He was not formally re-instated to the army until 1782 when the Whigs returned to power. Following the defeat, France recognised the United States and formally entered the war on 6 February 1778, transforming it into a global conflict. Although Burgoyne at the time
3960-414: The battalion embarked from Egypt for Cyprus , but the transport was torpedoed and the troops had to return and re-embark later. In May 1943, the battalion returned to Syria, and then it joined 234th Infantry Brigade in the Aegean Islands in October 1943. Here, the bulk of the battalion was captured by the Germans on 16 November, after the Battle of Leros , with only 57 officers and men managing to escape
4048-422: The battalion was assigned to 14th Airlanding Brigade in 44th Indian Airborne Division . The 4th Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment was transferred to the Royal Artillery and converted to artillery in November 1938, forming the 56th (King's Own) Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery . On the outbreak of war, the 56th Anti-Tank Regiment mobilised in the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division , with which it served in
4136-424: The battles of France and Belgium in 1940. When the division was converted to armour, becoming the 42nd Armoured Division , in October 1941, 5th Battalion was transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps and became the 107th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps . The regiment continued to wear the King's Own cap badge on the black beret of the Royal Armoured Corps , as did all infantry units converted in this way. However,
4224-406: The campaign single-handedly. He was not yet aware that he would not be gaining additional support, and was still reasonably confident of success. Having amassed an army of over 7,000 troops in Quebec, Burgoyne was also led to believe by reports that he could rely on the support of large numbers of Native Americans and American Loyalists who would rally to the flag once the British came south. Even if
4312-602: The capture of Fort Ticonderoga after winning the naval Battle of Valcour Island in October. The following year, having convinced King George III and his government of Carleton's faults, Burgoyne was given command of the British forces charged with gaining control of Lake Champlain and the Hudson River valley. The plan, largely of his own creation, was for Burgoyne and his force to cross Lake Champlain from Quebec and capture Ticonderoga before advancing on Albany, New York , where they would rendezvous with another British army under General Howe coming north from New York City, and
4400-484: The capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon in May 1793. After returning to England, it embarked for the Netherlands in September 1799 and fought at the Battle of Alkmaar in October 1799 during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland . The regiment was sent to Portugal in August 1808 for service in the Napoleonic Wars and fought under General Sir John Moore at the Battle of Corunna in January 1809, before being evacuated to England later that month. It returned to
4488-439: The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was hailed in Britain as a great victory, which even King George III is said to have celebrated and Burgoyne was subsequently promoted to lieutenant-general. Burgoyne's force however was eventually hemmed in by a superior force led by American Major General Horatio Gates . Several attempts to break through the enemy lines were repulsed at Saratoga in September and October 1777. Benedict Arnold played
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#17327718925194576-408: The countryside was not as pro-British as expected, much of the area between Lake Champlain and Albany was underpopulated anyway, and Burgoyne was skeptical any major enemy force could gather there. The campaign was initially successful. Burgoyne gained possession of the vital outposts of Fort Ticonderoga and Fort Edward , but, pushing on, decided to break his communications with Quebec. The news of
4664-560: The daughter of Lord Derby , one of Britain's leading politicians. After Derby refused permission for Burgoyne to marry Charlotte, they eloped together and married without his permission in April 1751. An outraged Derby cut his daughter off without a penny. Unable to support his wife otherwise, Burgoyne again sold his commission, raising £2,600, which they lived off for the next few years. In October 1751, Burgoyne and his new wife went to live in continental Europe travelling through France and Italy. While in France, Burgoyne met and befriended
4752-415: The established system employed at the time by the British army. In 1761, he sat in parliament for Midhurst , and in the following year he served as a brigadier-general in Portugal which had just entered the war. Burgoyne won particular distinction by leading his cavalry in the capture of Valencia de Alcántara and of Vila Velha de Ródão following the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara , compensating for
4840-427: The freedom of Lancaster in 1953, before being amalgamated with the Border Regiment into the King's Own Royal Border Regiment on 31 October 1959. In 1953 and 1954, the 1st Battalion of the regiment was stationed in South Korea following the Korean War . The regiment's battle honours were as follows: The following members of the regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross : The King's Own Royal Regiment Museum
4928-446: The heaviest casualties on the government side, with 18 dead and 108 wounded. The regiment's commander, Sir Robert Rich , was among the wounded, losing his left hand. Lord Robert Kerr , captain of the regiment's grenadier company, was among the dead. The two Regulation Colours (flags) carried by the regiment during the battle both survive and are now part of the collection of the National Museum of Scotland . The Regiment introduced
5016-413: The historian Edmund Morgan , "was a great turning point of the war, because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory". France had been supplying the North American colonists since the spring of 1776. Burgoyne and his officers returned to England; the enlisted men became prisoners of war. He came under sharp criticism when he returned to London. The rise of
5104-649: The island. The 1st Battalion was reformed in 25th Indian Infantry Brigade, on 30 January 1944, by amalgamating with the 8th Battalion, King's Own. The reformed battalion, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Richard Neville Anderson , later served in the Italian Campaign with 25th Indian Brigade for the rest of the war. The 2nd Battalion formed part of the British garrison of Jerusalem when war broke out. It joined 14th Infantry Brigade in Palestine in March 1940 and moved with it to Egypt in July. The battalion served with 16th Infantry Brigade of 6th Infantry Division (later redesignated 70th Infantry Division ) in
5192-407: The lavish lifestyle that he maintained on the Saratoga campaign, combined with a gentlemanly bearing and his career as a playwright led less-than-friendly contemporaries to caricature him, as the historian George Billias wrote, "a buffoon in uniform who bungled his assignments badly." Much of the historical record, Billias noted, is based upon those characterisations. Billias considered Burgoyne to be
5280-400: The leave of the American general, to defend his conduct and demanded but never obtained an inquiry. He was deprived of his regiment and the governorship of Fort William in Scotland , which he had held since 1769. The government demanded that Burgoyne at once return to America to re-join the Convention Army and continue negotiations for its return. When Burgoyne refused he was gazetted out of
5368-430: The libretto for William Jackson 's only successful opera, The Lord of the Manor (1780). He also wrote a translated semi-opera version of Michel-Jean Sedaine 's work Richard Coeur de lion with music by Thomas Linley the elder for the Drury Lane Theatre where it was very successful in 1788. Had it not been for his role in the American War of Independence, Burgoyne would most likely be foremost remembered today as
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#17327718925195456-426: The marker was almost totally obscured by the twin boxwoods growing on either side, in 2006, as of November 2010, it could easily be seen from the road. 38°05′54″N 78°30′48″W / 38.09832°N 78.51323°W / 38.09832; -78.51323 John Burgoyne General John Burgoyne (24 February 1722 – 4 August 1792) was a British military officer, playwright and politician who sat in
5544-430: The movements of two other large British forces under Generals Howe and Clinton, who would support the advance. However, Lord Germain 's orders dispatched from London were not clear on this point, with the effect that Howe took no action to support Burgoyne, and Clinton moved from New York too late and in too little strength to be any great help to Burgoyne. As a result of this miscommunication, Burgoyne ended up conducting
5632-407: The next 30 years in Scotland and England. Sent to Flanders in 1744 during the War of the Austrian Succession , it garrisoned Ghent and when the 1745 Jacobite Rising broke out in August, it was transferred to Scotland and fought at the Battle of Falkirk Muir in January 1746. At the Battle of Culloden in April, it was based in the front line and took the brunt of the Jacobite charge; it suffered
5720-402: The politically friendly Shelburne ministry in 1782 saw a brief revival of his military career. He was appointed commander-in-chief of crown forces in Ireland and appointed colonel of the 4th Regiment of Foot . However the return to power of the Tories in 1784 marked the end of Burgoyne's active service. Burgoyne was also an accomplished playwright, known for his works such as The Maid of
5808-452: The rebel colonies for the crown. Before leaving London, he had wagered Charles James Fox 10 pounds that he would return victorious within a year. He refused to heed more cautious voices, both British and American, that suggested a successful campaign using the route he proposed was impossible, as the failed attempt the previous year had shown. Underlining the plan was the belief that Burgoyne's aggressive thrust from Quebec would be aided by
5896-456: The rebellion. Burgoyne advanced from Canada but his slow movement allowed the Americans to concentrate their forces. Instead of coming to his aid according to the overall plan, the British Army in New York City moved south to capture Philadelphia. Burgoyne fought two small battles near Saratoga but was surrounded by American forces and, with no relief in sight, surrendered his entire army of 6,200 men on 17 October 1777. His surrender, according to
5984-480: The reforms the regiment became the King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) on 1 July 1881. After the Childers reforms took effect, the regiment contained the following battalions: The 2nd Battalion embarked for South Africa in December 1899, to serve in the Second Boer War , and saw action at the Battle of Spion Kop in January 1900. The 3rd and 4th Militia battalions were embodied and embarked for South Africa in February and January 1900 respectively. In 1908,
6072-429: The regiment was disbanded in December 1943 and a few of its officers and men were sent to 151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps , which had been converted from the 10th Battalion, King's Own. The 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th Battalions were all formed in 1940 as pioneer battalions and raised specifically for hostilities-only. All four units served with the British Expeditionary Force as GHQ (General Headquarters) troops during
6160-513: The regiment was re-designated the King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) . The following battalions served during the Second World War : The 1st Battalion, King's Own was stationed in Malta on the outbreak of war, moving to Karachi in British India at the end of 1939. It later served with the 17th Indian Infantry Brigade . It subsequently served in Iraq and Syria with 25th Indian Infantry Brigade , with which it served until October 1943, of 10th Indian Infantry Division . In August 1942,
6248-413: The regiment were used as guards upon convict ships travelling to Australia, with the detachments arriving from 1832. Detachments were stationed in Sydney, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia and Swan River. The regiment was relieved in 1837 and headed to India. During the Crimean War , the regiment fought at the Battle of Alma in September 1854 and Battle of Inkerman in November 1854 and took part in
6336-765: The rest of the garrison, which evacuated the city in March 1776. In 1776, he was at the head of the British reinforcements that sailed up the Saint Lawrence River and relieved Quebec City , which was under siege by the Continental Army . He led forces under General Guy Carleton in the drive that chased the Continental Army from the province of Quebec . Carleton then led the British forces onto Lake Champlain , but was, in Burgoyne's opinion, insufficiently bold when he failed to attempt
6424-422: The site (near Ivy Creek) in January, 1779. As the barracks were barely sufficient in construction, the officers were paroled to live as far away as Richmond, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia . The camp was never adequately provisioned, and yet the prisoners did manage to make something of the site, including building a theater. Hundreds escaped Albemarle Barracks, owing to lack of an adequate number of guards. As
6512-412: The war, the 5th Battalion, King's Own transferred from 164th (North Lancashire) Infantry Brigade , 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division to 126th (East Lancashire) Infantry Brigade , 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division . The battalion, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Hayman Hayman-Joyce , mobilised with the rest of the 42nd Division and served with the British Expeditionary Force in
6600-437: The wilderness of New York was hampered by his insistence of bringing 30 carriages of fine clothes and champagne. Rather than an outright unconditional surrender , Burgoyne had agreed to a convention that involved his men surrendering their weapons, and returning to Europe with a pledge not to return to North America. Burgoyne had been most insistent on this point, even suggesting he would try to fight his way back to Quebec if it
6688-587: Was Field Marshal John Fox Burgoyne , father of Hugh Talbot Burgoyne , VC . A grandchild of Burgoyne, Admiral Geoffrey Hornby was notable in helping to avert a war between the United States and Great Britain in the 19th century. In his time Burgoyne was a notable playwright, writing a number of popular plays. The most notable were The Maid of the Oaks (1774) and The Heiress (1786). He assisted Richard Brinsley Sheridan in his production of The Camp , which he may have co-authored. He also wrote
6776-492: Was abandoned in 1684 and on returning to England, the regiment was given the title Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York and Albany's Regiment of Foot ; after James II became monarch in 1685, this changed to The Queen's Regiment of Foot. During the Monmouth Rebellion , it fought at Sedgemoor in July 1685; at the November 1688 Glorious Revolution , Trelawny and half the regiment deserted to William III . He
6864-538: Was appointed to command British reinforcements, and arrived in Boston in May 1775, a few weeks after the first shots of the war had been fired. He participated as part of the garrison during the Siege of Boston , although he did not see action at the Battle of Bunker Hill , in which the British forces were led by William Howe and Henry Clinton . Frustrated by the lack of opportunities, he returned to England long before
6952-703: Was athletic and outgoing and enjoyed life at the school where he made numerous important friends, in particular Lord James Strange . In August 1737, Burgoyne purchased a commission in the Horse Guards , a fashionable cavalry regiment. They were stationed in London and his duties were light, allowing him to cut a figure in high society . He soon acquired the nickname "Gentleman Johnny" and became well known for his stylish uniforms and general high living which saw him run up large debts. In 1741 Burgoyne sold his commission, possibly to settle gambling debts. The outbreak of
7040-518: Was briefly replaced by the loyalist Charles Orby, then reinstated when James went into exile. From 1690 to 1691, it served in the Williamite War in Ireland , including the Battle of the Boyne and sieges of Cork and Limerick . When the war ended with the October 1691 Treaty of Limerick , it returned to England. Transferred to Flanders in March 1692, it took part in the latter stages of
7128-402: Was formed in August 1915 as a Bantam battalion; it was attached to 120th Brigade in 40th Division ; it landed in France in June 1916 and was disbanded in February 1918. The 12th (Reserve) Battalion was formed in January 1916; it remained in the United Kingdom and supplied drafts to the Service battalions overseas; it converted into 76th Training Reserve Battalion in September 1916. In 1921,
7216-468: Was formed in September 1914; it was attached to 56th Brigade in 19th (Western) Division ; it landed in France in July 1915 and was disbanded February 1918 due to an Army-wide reorganisation. The 8th (Service) Battalion was formed in October 1914; it was attached to 76th Brigade in 25th Division ; it landed in France in September 1915 and served on the Western Front for the war: it helped to slow
7304-697: Was given on 13 July 1680 to the Earl of Plymouth , an illegitimate son of Charles II ; its nominal strength was 1,000 men, half recruited in London by Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Trelawny and half from the West Country. Raised for service in the Tangier Garrison , it was known as the 2nd Tangier Regiment ; Plymouth died shortly after arriving in Tangier and Edward Sackville assumed command, with Trelawney formally appointed as colonel in 1682. Tangier
7392-637: Was his participation in the impeachment of Warren Hastings . He died quite unexpectedly on 4 August 1792 at his home in Mayfair , after having been seen the previous night at the theatre in apparent good health. Burgoyne is buried in Westminster Abbey , in the North Walk of the Cloisters. After the death of his wife in 1776, Burgoyne had four children by his mistress Susan Caulfield; one
7480-617: Was not agreed. Soon afterwards the Continental Congress repudiated the treaty and imprisoned the remnants of the army in Massachusetts and Virginia , where they were sometimes maltreated. This was widely seen as revenge for the poor treatment that prisoners-of-war of the Continental Army had received while imprisoned. Following Saratoga, the indignation in Britain against Burgoyne was great. He returned at once, with
7568-423: Was renumbered as the 10th Battalion. 10th Battalion was assigned to 225th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home) , formed for service in the United Kingdom. When the brigade was converted into a tank brigade in December 1941, the battalion became the 151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps . When 107th RAC was disbanded in December 1943, a cadre transferred to 151st RAC, which adopted the number of 107th to perpetuate
7656-468: Was transported to Gibraltar . It spent the rest of the war in the West Indies , taking part in the capture of Guadeloupe , Martinique and Saint Lucia before returning home in July 1764. When the American Revolutionary War began in 1775, it was sent to North America ; over the next three years, it took part in numerous actions, including Lexington and Concord , Bunker Hill , Long Island and
7744-556: Was widely held to blame for the defeat, historians have over the years shifted responsibility for the disaster at Saratoga to Lord Germain , the Secretary of State for the Colonies . Germain had overseen the overall strategy for the campaign and had significantly neglected to order General Howe to support Burgoyne's invasion, instead leaving him to believe that he was free to launch his own attack on Philadelphia . Although elected as
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