22-451: Alexander Johnstone may refer to: Sandy Johnstone (1916–2000), British air marshal Alex Johnstone (1961–2016), Scottish Conservative & Unionist politician Alex Johnstone (footballer) (1896–1979), Scottish footballer (Rangers, Hearts) See also [ edit ] Alexander Johnston (disambiguation) Alexander Johnson (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
44-779: A Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1966 and, reflecting his years as an Auxiliary Air Force officer, also held the much-prized Air Efficiency Award . Johnstone retired from the Royal Air Force in 1968. From 1969 to 1979, Johnstone served as vice-chairman of the Territorial Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve . He was also secretary of Glasgow Golf Club , and as head of the National Car Parks (NCP) and secretary of Denham Golf Club. From 1971 to 1994 he
66-468: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sandy Johnstone Air Vice Marshal Alexander Vallance Riddell Johnstone , CB , DFC , AE , DL (2 June 1916 – 13 December 2000) was a Scottish airman. He served as a Royal Air Force squadron, wing and station commander during the Second World War and
88-469: Is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 to other ranks, of the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force and other services , and formerly to officers of other Commonwealth countries, for "an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty whilst flying in active operations against the enemy". The award was established on 3 June 1918, shortly after the formation of
110-745: The Falklands and the wars in the Gulf , Iraq and Afghanistan . Additionally, two second-award, and one third-award bars have been awarded. The above figures include awards to the Dominions : In all, 4,460 DFCs have gone to Canadians, including 256 first bars and six second bars. Of these, 193 crosses and nine first bars were for service with the RAF in World War I. For World War II, 4,018 DFCs with 213 first bars and six second bars were earned by members of
132-585: The Imperial Defence College , and director of personnel at the Air Ministry , in 1964 he was posted to Borneo as Air Commodore, Commonwealth Air Forces. In 1965 he returned to the UK to become an air vice marshal . He headed Coastal Command's No. 18 Group RAF , was Air Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland, and was NATO's North Atlantic maritime air commander. Johnstone was appointed
154-1015: The Royal Canadian Air Force , with a further 247 crosses and 34 first bars to Canadians serving with the RAF. From 1918 to 1972 the DFC was awarded to 2,391 Australians, along with 144 first Bars and five second Bars. Over 1,000 DFCs were awarded to New Zealanders during the World War II, with the most recent awards for service in Vietnam. In 1999 the DFC was replaced by the New Zealand Gallantry Decoration . A total of 1,022 honorary awards have been made to members of allied foreign forces. This comprises 46 crosses and one bar for World War I and 927, along with 34 first and three second bars, for World War II. Eight crosses and two bars were awarded to members of
176-708: The 1990s most, including Canada , Australia and New Zealand , had established their own honours systems and no longer recommended British honours. The DFC now serves as the third-level award for all ranks of the British Armed Forces for exemplary gallantry in active operations against the enemy in the air, not to the standard required to receive the Victoria Cross or the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross . Apart from honorary awards to those serving with allied forces, all awards of
198-662: The 1993 review of the honours system as part of the drive to remove distinctions of rank in bravery awards, all ranks of all arms of the Armed Forces have been eligible, and the Distinguished Flying Medal , which had until then been awarded to other ranks , was discontinued. While remaining a reward for "flying in active operations against the enemy", the requirement was changed from "valour, courage or devotion to duty" to "exemplary gallantry". The DFC had also been awarded by Commonwealth countries but by
220-550: The Civil Air Navigation School at Prestwick . In August 1939, he was called to full-time service with No. 602 Squadron. On 24 November 1939 George Pinkerton was promoted to squadron leader and given command of No. 65 Squadron RAF , with Johnstone taking over command of 'B' Flight from Pinkerton. After participating in engagements with lone German raiders off the Scottish coast in late 1939-early 1940, he
242-524: The DFC are announced in the London Gazette . A bar is added to the ribbon for holders of the DFC who received a further award, with a silver rosette worn on the ribbon when worn alone to denote the award of each bar. Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "DFC". The decoration, designed by Edward Carter Preston , is a cross flory , 2.125 inches (54.0 mm) wide. The horizontal and bottom bars are terminated with bumps,
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#1732800856762264-729: The Royal Air Force (RAF), with the Royal Warrant published on 5 December 1919. It was originally awarded to RAF commissioned and warrant officers , including officers in Commonwealth and allied forces. In March 1941 eligibility was extended to Naval Officers of the Fleet Air Arm , and in November 1942 to Army officers, including Royal Artillery officers serving on attachment to the RAF as pilots-cum- artillery observers . Posthumous awards were permitted from 1979. Since
286-644: The commander of Commonwealth forces operating in Borneo during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation . Alexander Vallance Riddell Johnstone was born in Glasgow on 2 June 1916 and was educated at Kelvinside Academy . He worked in an Edinburgh footwear company and in 1934 he joined No. 602 (City of Glasgow) Auxiliary Air Force Squadron as a weekend flier. Early in 1938, Johnstone was a civilian navigation instructor at Scottish Aviation , moving later to
308-413: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Johnstone&oldid=1001128180 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
330-417: The upper bar with a rose. The decoration's face features aeroplane propellers, superimposed on the vertical arms of the cross, and wings on the horizontal arms. In the centre is a laurel wreath around the RAF monogram, surmounted by a heraldic Imperial Crown . The reverse is plain, except for a central roundel bearing the reigning monarch's cypher and the date '1918'. Originally awarded unnamed, from 1939
352-407: The year of issue was engraved on the reverse lower limb of cross, and since 1984 it has been awarded named to the recipient. The suspender is straight and decorated with laurel wreaths. The ribbon bar denoting a further award is silver, with the Royal Air Force eagle in its centre. Bars awarded during World War II have the year of award engraved on the reverse. The 1.25-inch (32 mm) ribbon
374-608: Was Deputy Lieutenant for Glasgow . He became a successful author and resided near Ipswich in Suffolk. Johnstone was an accomplished author, writing six books. Johnstone married Margaret Croll in 1940. They had a son, Iain Johnstone, an Army officer, and two daughters, Ann and Patricia. Sandy Johnstone died on 13 December 2000, aged 84. Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom) 1918-1919: horizontal alternate white and purple stripes The Distinguished Flying Cross ( DFC )
396-704: Was appointed air attache in Dublin , and went on to serve as station commander, RAF Ballykelly . In 1953 he was made Commanding Officer of the Air Sea Warfare Development Unit at RAF St Mawgan . In 1954 he returned to No. 12 Group RAF as Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO). In 1956 he was deputy air defence commander, Malaya and was then seconded to assist in the formation of the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force . After spells as station commander at RAF Middleton St. George ,
418-836: Was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions. After serving as operations controller at RAF Turnhouse in Scotland in 1941, Johnstone was posted in April 1942 to RAF Haifa in Palestine as sector commander. He then went to Malta as station commander at RAF Luqa , before commanding a Spitfire wing. In the spring of 1943 he returned to Britain to attend the RAF Staff College . In September 1943 he moved on to RAF Fairwood Common , West Glamorgan , as sector commander. In May 1944 Johnstone
440-620: Was given command of 602 Squadron in July 1940 at the age of 24. By this time Johnstone had already claimed a Heinkel He 111 , a Junkers Ju 88 and a Dornier Do 17 damaged. The squadron was transferred south to RAF Westhampnett in West Sussex , where it was stationed throughout the Battle of Britain . His tally after the battle (and his final wartime score) was 7 (and 2 shared) aircraft destroyed, 1 probable, and 6 (and 1 shared) damaged. He
462-538: Was originally white with deep purple broad horizontal stripes, but it was changed in 1919 to the current white with purple broad diagonal stripes. From 1918 to 2017 approximately 22,322 Distinguished Flying Crosses and 1,737 bars have been awarded. The figures to 1979 are laid out in the table below, the dates reflecting the relevant entries in the London Gazette: In addition, between 1980 and 2017 approximately 80 DFCs have been earned, including awards for
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#1732800856762484-661: Was promoted to acting group captain on the Allied Expeditionary Air Force operations staff preparing for the D-Day invasion. After the landings he moved to Normandy with General Eisenhower's headquarters staff. Early in 1945 Johnstone joined the RAF delegation in Washington, D.C. He returned in June to Fighter Command No. 12 Group RAF HQ staff, receiving a permanent commission. In 1946 Johnstone
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