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32-699: The historic Algeria Shrine Temple , now also known as the Helena Civic Center , is a Moorish Revival building in Helena, Montana that was built in 1920. The building served as a meeting hall for the Algeria Shriners and had civic functions. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (under the shrine name) in 1988. The National Register's database records "Historic subfunctions" that include "meeting hall" for

64-643: A hippodrome, rollercoaster, observation deck for the surrounding desert, and what was marketed as the largest dance hall in the world. Like Iranistan before it, Saltair was destroyed by fire in 1925 and again in 1970; the first of which, less than 30 years after opening. The trend continued into the early 1900s, for example in the 1909 Murat Shrine Temple in Indianapolis, Indiana . The 1914 Pittock Mansion in Portland, Oregon incorporates Turkish design features, as well as French, English, and Italian ones;

96-481: A long period until the early 20th century. In Spain, the country was conceived as the place of origin of Moorish ornamentation, and the interest in this sort of architecture fluctuated from province to province. The mainstream was called Neo-Mudéjar . In Catalonia , Antoni Gaudí 's profound interest in Mudéjar heritage governed the design of his early works, such as Casa Vicens or Astorga Palace . In Andalusia,

128-581: A rectangular arena for the first three years, only later to be changed to a circular form that avoided the cornering of the action and put all viewers at the same approximate distance, the same reason for the elliptical form of amphitheatres. Another circular plaza was begun in Ronda in 1754, and it featured its first bullfights in 1782. In the late 19th century, the Neo-Mudéjar style became in vogue for plazas, involving decoration in visible brickwork. Since

160-586: Is among the oldest with a circular shape. The oldest plaza still in use, Las Virtudes in Santa Cruz de Mudela , Ciudad Real , dates from 1641 and has a square shape. The plaza from Béjar (1711) was originally rectangular and later made circular. Likewise, when the La Maestranza bullring in Seville was authorized for construction in 1730 specifically to house bullfights, the original plans called for

192-680: Is an arena where bullfighting is performed. Bullrings are often associated with the Iberian Peninsula , but they can also be found through Iberian America and in a few Spanish and Portuguese ex-colonies in Africa. Bullrings are often historic and culturally significant centres that bear many structural similarities to the Roman amphitheatre . The classic bullring is an enclosed, roughly circular amphitheatre with tiered rows of stands that surround an open central space. The open space forms

224-481: Is more elliptical than the usual plaza), and the origin of bullfighting is very closely related to certain Roman traditions; in the formative years of the sport on the Iberian Peninsula , those Roman enclosures were not commonly utilised for bullfighting events. Back when bullfighting festivals were conducted principally on horseback, the spectacle was a more public affair that took place in the city's open plaza areaIt

256-577: The Ottoman Empire or the growing pan-Slavic movement by creating an " Islamic architecture of European fantasy". This included application of ornamentations and other Moorish design strategies neither of which had much to do with prior architectural direction of indigenous Bosnian architecture . The central post office in Sarajevo , for example, follows distinct formal characteristics of design like clarity of form, symmetry, and proportion while

288-682: The Pena Palace in Sintra ), the Neo-Mamluk Dulber palace in Koreiz , and the palace in Likani exemplified the continuing development of the style. Another exception was Bosnia , where, after its occupation by Austria-Hungary , the new authorities commissioned a range of Neo-Moorish structures. The aim was to promote Bosnian national identity while avoiding its association with either

320-683: The Sammezzano , one of Europe's largest and most elaborate Moorish Revival structures, in Tuscany between 1853 and 1889. Although Carlo Bugatti employed Moorish arcading among the exotic features of his furniture, shown at the 1902 exhibition at Turin , by that time the Moorish Revival was very much on the wane almost everywhere. A notable exception was Imperial Russia , where the shell-encrusted Morozov House in Moscow (a stylisation of

352-913: The 1860s, the style spread across America, with Olana , the painter Frederic Edwin Church 's house overlooking the Hudson River, Castle Garden in Jacksonville and Longwood in Natchez, Mississippi usually cited among the more prominent examples. After the American Civil War, Moorish or Turkish smoking rooms achieved some popularity. There were Moorish details in the interiors created for the Henry Osborne Havemeyer residence on Fifth Avenue by Louis Comfort Tiffany . The most thorough example of Moorish Revival architecture

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384-514: The 1990s, new construction technology allows some rings to be covered permanently or temporarily. The primary purpose of the ring is bullfighting, but it is usually limited to some festival weeks in the year. In other times, it may be used as a concert venue as in the Rock en el ruedo tour of Miguel Ríos or the live record Diamonds & Rust in the Bullring , featuring a Joan Baez concert in

416-644: The Bilbao plaza. Before the diffusion of modern sports premises, bullrings were used in the Basque Country for traditional sports similar to challenges of resistance running . The public made bets on the number of laps the runner could make. No bulls were involved. After the battle of Badajoz (1936) of the Spanish Civil War , the Badajoz ring was used as a confinement camp for supporters of

448-568: The Middle Eastern roots of their history and thus as a way of setting themselves apart from the surrounding Western or Christian society. This came at time when Jews were gaining more freedoms in some European societies and the construction of ostentatious synagogues was possible for the first time, thus provoking a search for a new distinct style of architecture. Historian John M. Efron of the University of California at Berkeley regards

480-735: The Neo-Mudéjar style gained belated popularity in connection with the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 . It was epitomized by Plaza de España of Seville and the Gran Teatro Falla in Cádiz . In Madrid , the Neo-Mudéjar was a characteristic style of housing and public buildings at the turn of the century. In contrast, the 1920s return of interest to the style resulted in such buildings as the bullring of Las Ventas and Diario ABC office. A Spanish nobleman built

512-592: The United States, Washington Irving 's fanciful travel sketch, Tales of the Alhambra (1832), first brought Moorish Andalusia into readers' imaginations; one of the first neo-Moorish structures was Iranistan , a mansion of P. T. Barnum in Bridgeport, Connecticut . Constructed in 1848 and destroyed by fire ten years later, this architectural extravaganza "sprouted bulbous domes and horseshoe arches". In

544-420: The arena or ruedo , a field of densely packed crushed rock ( albero ) that is the stage for the bullfight. Also on the ground level, the central arena is surrounded by a staging area where the bullfighters prepare and take refuge, called the callejón (alley). The callejón is separated from the arena by a wall or other structure, usually made of wood and roughly 140 cm high. The partition wall has doors for

576-443: The bull. Nevertheless, on rare occasions the bull jumps the wall causing havoc in the corridor. The walls also have a type of stirrup or foothold that aids in crossing over to the central arena, and sometimes stirrups on the arena side as well; these are used mostly by event staff if they need to intervene quickly in the case of an emergency. The arena is surrounded by climbing rows of seats. The seats are priced differently according to

608-402: The entrance and exit of the bull ( puerta de los toriles ) and human participants ( puerta de cuadrilla ), although the form, number, and placement of these doors will vary from one bullring to another. In regular places, the wall is pushed outwards leaving splits ( burladero , from burlar: to evade, to dodge) that allow the bullfighters to go in the arena and to take refuge but are too narrow for

640-480: The heyday of such legendary figures as Costillares , Pedro Romero , and Pepe-Hillo . For centuries, early cosos (from Latin cursum , meaning course, track) were rectangular. The earliest examples are found in the Sierra de Huelva , which was the destination of transhumance routes from León , who brought some of their culture with them, including the feast of San Mamés , mostly associated with northern Spain. It

672-616: The interior followed the same doctrine. The National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo is an example of Pseudo Moorish architectural language using decorations and pointed arches while still integrating other formal elements into the design. Other notable example in the region is the building of the Regional historical museum in Kardzhali , Bulgaria build in the 1920s, combining also Central Asian styles. In

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704-643: The mid-19th century, the style was adopted by the Jews of Central Europe , who associated Moorish and Mudéjar architectural forms with the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain . It has also been argued that Jewish communities adopted this architecture (which in Western eyes was seen as stereotypical of "Islamic" or " Oriental " culture more broadly) for more complex reasons; mainly, as an affirmation or reclamation of

736-777: The place. Today, the building has a 1925-seat auditorium and a 15,000 sq. ft. ballroom/exhibition hall. As of 2012, it is owned and operated by the City of Helena and available for banquets, craft shows, dances, weddings, trade shows and conferences. This article about a property in Montana on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Moorish Revival architecture The "Moorish" garden structures built at Sheringham Park in Norfolk, ca. 1812, were an unusual touch at

768-475: The popularity of Moorish revival architecture among builders of synagogues as a counterpoint to Edward Said 's Orientalism , which criticizes European orientalism as inherently imperialist and racist, since the builders chose the style as an expression of admiration for the culture of the Muslim world. As a consequence, Moorish Revival spread around the globe as a preferred style of synagogue architecture for

800-461: The position of the sun during the show, normally in the afternoon. The hot sol , "sun", is cheaper than the fresher sombra , "shade". Bullrings evolved as specialized sporting arenas hand-in-hand with the sport that demanded them. Many of the ancient Roman amphitheatres had characteristics that can be seen in the bullrings of today (in fact the ring in Nîmes , France, is a Roman artifact, though it

832-674: The republic and many thousands were executed there by the Nationalist forces who had just occupied the town. Most indoor bullrings, especially in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, in addition to being used for concerts, have also been used for indoor sports such as basketball , ice hockey , boxing and lucha libre . The most famous bullrings in the world are Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas in Madrid (Spain), widely regarded as

864-581: The smoking room in particular has notable Moorish revival elements. In 1937, the Corn Palace in Mitchell, South Dakota added unusual minarets and Moorish domes, unusual because the polychrome decorations are made out of corn cobs of various colors assembled like mosaic tiles to create patterns. The 1891 Tampa Bay Hotel , whose minarets and Moorish domes are now the pride of the University of Tampa ,

896-462: The time, a parallel to chinoiserie , as a dream vision of fanciful whimsy, not meant to be taken seriously; however, as early as 1826, Edward Blore used Islamic arches , domes of various size and shapes and other details of Near Eastern Islamic architecture to great effect in his design for Alupka Palace in Crimea , a cultural setting that had already been penetrated by Ottoman architecture . By

928-571: Was Villa Zorayda in St. Augustine, Florida , built in 1883 by Franklin W. Smith as a winter home and showplace for the Boston businessman and architectural enthusiast. Today it is a museum, open for tourists. In 1893, The Great Saltair was built on the southern shores of The Great Salt Lake , adjacent to Salt Lake City . Under dozens of Moorish domes and lambrequin, polylobed, and keyhole arches, Saltair housed popular clubs, restaurants, bowling alleys,

960-597: Was a particularly extravagant example of the style. Other schools with Moorish Revival buildings include David H. Zysman Hall at Yeshiva University in New York City. George Washington Smith used the style in his design for the 1920s Isham Beach Estate in Santa Barbara, California . The Shriners , a fraternal organization, often chose a Moorish Revival style for their Temples. Architecturally notable Shriners Temples include: Bullring A bullring

992-441: Was only later, when bullfights were conducted principally by men on foot, that the public needed a structure to house them appropriately. Initially, temporary wooden fences were erected to prevent the bulls from escaping. When bullfights became much more popular in 18th century, not only did the crowd need special seating to view the spectacle, they also needed a structure to contain the general disorder that reigned at festivals during

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1024-478: Was precisely in the hamlet of San Mamés, between Aroche and Rosal de la Frontera , where the oldest documented coso was built in 1599. Very little of the structure of this rectangular arena remains, which has been extensively documented by local historian Antonio Rodríguez Guillén "Chamizo". Another old coso was built in Almonaster la Real in 1608, and the nearby plaza from Campofrío , completed in 1718,

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