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33-577: The Ali Bayramov Women's Club, active in Baku and the surrounding regions, was opened in 1920 under the direction of the People's Commissariat for Education . The Club was originally founded as a literacy and sewing circle by Jeyran Bayramova with the aim of enlightening Azeri women. The Club was named after her brother-in-law whom she married after her sister's death, Ali Bayramov , who had encouraged her educational pursuits when her parents had not. Ali Bayramov,

66-574: A Bayramov meeting with boiling water and dogs. The Club was closed down in 1937, as consequence of Stalin's increasing disillusionment with women's issues, declaring in 1930 that all women's issues were "solved" meaning clubs like the Ali Bayramov club were considered unnecessary. Additionally, Stalin reversed many of the successes of the early regime in terms of female emancipation. For example, in 1936, Stalin recriminalized abortion, banned female homosexuality and made divorce more costly. This made

99-534: A budget of over 9,200,000 rubles, whereas the entire Adult Education Division received 32,500,000 rubles. The Izo-Narkompros (Изо-наркомпрос), or the section of visual arts (отдел изобразительных искусств) created on 29 January 1918. It consisted of two parts: the collegium (deliberative organ) and the section proper (executive organ). The first collegium was headed by Vladimir Tatlin and included Kasimir Malevich , Ilya Mashkov , Nadezhda Udaltsova , Olga Rozanova , Alexander Rodchenko , Wassily Kandinsky . It

132-527: A leading Azeri Bolshevik, encouraged his wife to be active in the communist women's movement. Bayramova first proposed the club to her school friends during her husband's funeral shortly after his death in March 1920. The club aimed to attract a cross-ethnic, working class following, working closely with the Zhenotdel . They even went as far as excluding those who were from bourgeoise backgrounds Additionally,

165-611: Is vested in the collegium of the chairmen of these commissions, that is, the Council of People's Commissars. The All-Russian Congress of Soviets and its executive body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , had the right to control the activities of the People's Commissars and to remove them. By the same decree the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars was formed, including

198-583: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , extracting rent from all privately owned cinemas and subject them to censorship. People%27s Commissariat A People's Commissariat ( Russian : народный комиссариат , romanized :  narodnyy komissariat ; Narkomat ) was a structure in the Soviet state (in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , in other union and autonomous republics, in

231-518: The Soviet Union ) from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy ; analogue of the ministry . As a rule, a People's Commissariat was headed by a People's Commissar ( Russian : народный комиссар ; Narkom ), which is part of the government – the Council of People's Commissars of

264-606: The Treaty on the Creation of the Soviet Union , which provided for the formation of the government of the union state. It was called the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union ; it included the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union, his deputies, the leaders of the People's Commissariats of the Soviet Union. The Treaty (Article 11) provides the following list of People's Commissariats of

297-525: The "Decree on the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars", adopted by the 2nd Congress of Soviets on November 9, 1917. The decree was established: The management of certain branches of state life is entrusted to commissions, whose composition should ensure the implementation of the program proclaimed by the Congress, in close union with the mass organizations of workers, women workers, sailors, soldiers, peasants and employees. Government power

330-570: The "People's Commissariat for Enlightenment") was the Soviet agency charged with the administration of public education and most other issues related to culture. In 1946, it was transformed into the Ministry of Education . Its first head was Anatoly Lunacharsky . However he described Nadezhda Krupskaya as the "soul of Narkompros". Mikhail Pokrovsky , Dmitry Leshchenko and Evgraf Litkens also played important roles. Lunacharsky protected most of

363-676: The All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee of the Councils. However, no list of People's Commissariats was provided in the Constitution. Since the formation of the Soviet Union, the Union republics delegated part of their sovereign powers to the newly formed state, only a part of governance issues remained in their jurisdiction. The Treaty on the Creation of the Soviet Union (Article 18) defines

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396-862: The Central Council of the National Economy, of which the first six are non-united (autonomous), and the last five are combined with the corresponding People's Commissariats of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, implementing the directives of the last, submitting to the Central Executive Committee, its Presidium and the Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Constitution of

429-578: The Commune) of which 19 issues appeared between 7 December 1918 and April 1919. Lenin saw film as the most important medium for educating the masses in the ways, means and successes of communism . As a consequence Lenin issued the "Directives on the Film Business" on 17 January 1922, which instructed the Narkompros to systemise the film business, registering and numbering all films shown in

462-626: The Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 1918 provided for the opportunity for "regions differing in special life and national composition" to create autonomous regions with the formation of their regional Congresses of Soviets and their executive bodies, that is, the Councils of People's Commissars. Thus, in the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic , formed in 1926 as part of

495-567: The Organizing Bureau for the National Proletkult argued that Narkompros, as a state organ, had responsibilities for the whole of society, whereas Proletkult asserted its autonomy as an organisation set up specifically for workers class. However, there was concern with "parallelism" - the situation which arose when similar work was carried out in parallel by different organisations. In early 1918 Narkompros gave Proletkult

528-431: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in 1929 the Constitution was adopted, which reads: People's Commissariats are established in the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to directly manage individual branches of government: 1) Internal Affairs, 2) Justice, 3) Education, 4) Health, 5) Social Security, 6) Agriculture, 7) Finance, 8) Labor , 9) Workers' and Dekhkan (Peasant) Inspections, 10) Trade, and 11)

561-597: The Soviet Union: As the national economy developed and strengthened, the number of People's Commissariats at all levels increased. So, in 1932, the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the Soviet Union was transformed into three people's commissariat: Further, from 1936 to 1939, the number of People's Commissariats increased to 24. For example, in 1939, the People's Commissariats of Fish Industry and Meat and Dairy Industry were divided off from

594-664: The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , adopted in 1919, in article 14 established: Heading individual branches of the country's management is assigned to special departments of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets – the People's Commissariats headed by the Heads elected by the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee of the Councils. The number, subjects of department departments and their internal organization are established by

627-440: The appropriate level. Commissariats were created as central organs of state administration when Soviet power was established in the republics in the territory of the former Russian Empire. The number of People's Commissariats changed in accordance with the requirements of the current moment; overall it increased due to the separation of existing ones and the formation of new ones. The first People's Commissariats were created by

660-416: The avant-garde artists such as Vladimir Mayakovsky , Kazimir Malevich , Vladimir Tatlin and Vsevolod Meyerhold . Despite his efforts, the official policy after Joseph Stalin put him in disgrace. Narkompros had seventeen sections, in addition to the main ones related to general education, e.g., Some of these evolved into separate entities, others discontinued. Pavel Lebedev-Polianskii , as chair of

693-488: The capital. The first group of women attracted to the Club were quickly enrolled in literacy classes. After a few months the trainees had to take an exam. Some were concerned after having heard rumours that those who received good grades on the exam would be sent to work in villages around Azerbaijan. Enthusiasm grew among the trainees, many of them fearlessly embracing the challenge. Some of the women excitedly thought: “we came to

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726-519: The club also offered entertainment and socialization to women, which was previously inaccessible to women largely confined to working in the home or visiting the mosque. There were a range of cultural, sports, and leisure activities, including plays and musical events performed by troupes of women, film screenings, game rooms (chess, backgammon, billiards), and dance classes. The Club was a training centre for cadres of women going to organize regional clubs, unveiling campaigns, and literacy courses outside of

759-479: The club, in 1922, Soviet authorities allowed the Club to occupy the extravagant former home of the wealthy Mukhtarov family, now called the Palace of Happiness . The Ali Bayramov Women's Club was involved in many different spheres and had the overarching goal of transforming every aspect of women's lives. When German Marxist theorist and women's rights activist, Clara Zetkin , visited the Ali Bayramov club in 1924, she

792-418: The club, started a sewing workshop, removed our veils, abolished illiteracy, and now what? After all, there are other women who also need help.” Thus, trainees who could prove their literacy were offered jobs at provincial clubs to educate, train, politicize, and enlighten local women. By the early 1930s, there were 103 such clubs. The club received backing from the early Bolshevik regime. Most importantly for

825-605: The list of People's Commissariats, whose leaders were members of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republics: The Council of People's Commissars of the Republic with a deliberative vote also included representatives representing those People's Commissariats, whose leadership began to fall within the competence of the Soviet Union: The creation of the Soviet Union was legally formalized by

858-466: The list of People's Commissariats: Later, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of December 15, 1917, the Supreme Council of National Economy under the Council of People's Commissars, which had the status of People's Commissariat, was established to organize and manage the national economy. When Soviet power was established in other Soviet republics, similar commissariats were established on

891-683: The occupation of midwifery. The Club's midwifery course was eventually turned into the School of Midwifery in Baku for example. It also offered vocational training included telephone operating, accounting, nursing, midwifery, and sewing and weaving. The club laid the foundation for the emancipation of Azeri women in a conservative society. Today, the literacy rate of Azeri women is 99% and they have full equality under Azeri law. People%27s Commissariat for Education The People's Commissariat for Education (or Narkompros ; Russian : Народный комиссариат просвещения, Наркомпрос , directly translated as

924-402: The suppression of Islam. Veiling was banned in 1929 as a result. The founders faced challenges early on attracting women with organizational skills, especially given that most required permission from their husbands to participate and the male communist cadres’ ambivalence towards the project. The club also faced attacks from the wider Azeri community. One incident included a reported attack on

957-644: The survival of the club near impossible, although the Club did survive a full seven years after the closure of the Zhenotdel. The sewing workshop which was started at the Ali Bayramov Club originally employed 7 workers, but eventually grew and was turned into the Ali Bayramov Textile Factory, where 1,500 women still work today. The club also laid the groundwork for the increased education of Azeri women, especially in regard to

990-527: The territory of the former Russian Empire. The Council of People's Commissars adopted on December 1, 1917, at the suggestion of Lenin, the decree "On the amount of remuneration of the people's commissars and senior officials" (published on December 6, 1917, in No. 16 of the "Newspapers of the Provisional Worker and Peasant Government"). According to the decree, the remuneration of the people's commissars

1023-556: Was 500 rubles plus 100 rubles for each disabled family member, which was approximately equal to the average wage of the worker. With minor changes and additions, the same list of people's commissariats of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is also presented in Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 1918 adopted by the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Article 11 of

Ali Bayramov Club - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-495: Was greatly impressed, calling it a hub of gathering revolutionary forces. Additionally, On May 26, 1925, a ceremonial meeting was held in the assembly hall of the Ali Bayramov Club to commemorate the club's 5th anniversary. The clubs aim of unveiling Azeri women found greater support following the launch of Stalin's Hujums . These were attempts by the Stalinist regime to make Azeri culture more Soviet, most importantly through

1089-634: Was subdivided into a number of subsections. Lunacharsky directed some of the great experiments in public arts after the Revolution such as the agit-trains and agit-boats, that circulated over all Russia spreading Revolution and revolutionary arts. He also gave support to Constructivism 's theatrical experiments and the initiatives such as the ROSTA Windows , revolutionary posters designed and written by Mayakovsky, Rodchenko, and others. Izo-Narkompros also published Iskusstvo kommuny (Art of

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