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64-521: Ali Sadikin (7 July 1926 – 20 May 2008) was an Indonesian politician who served as the fourth governor of Jakarta from 1966 until 1977. Prior to becoming governor, he served as Minister of Transportation from 1963 until 1966 and Coordinating Minister for Marine Affairs from 1964 until 1966. He also served as Chairman of the Football Association of Indonesia from 1977 until 1981. Born to parents of ethnic- Sundanese descent, Ali attended

128-519: A Marine Artillery Regiment and a Marine Cavalry Regiment. The 4th Marine Infantry Brigade covers 4 Marine Infantry Battalions plus other support units. The Marine Corps also maintain a special operations unit which are the Marine's Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion ( Taifib ) and also the joint Navy-Marine's counter-terrorism Denjaka . As a component Principal Command of the Indonesian Navy ,

192-621: A decree Skept/1831/XI/1975, which restored the Corps' name to its former name Korps Marinir . ( Corps Mariniers/ CM is the same word but using old spelling system in Indonesian .) Following this, a massive reorganization plan was implemented, followed up with another in 1984. There was a plan in 1999 to expand the Marine Corps from its strength of 13,000 troops. Based on this plan, every Marine Base would have three combat brigades :

256-497: A fixed five-year term. The most recent election was held in Jakarta on 15 February 2017. There were 3 contesting pairs in that election, but no one obtained 50% of the vote. As per law, a runoff election was held between the top two pairs on 19 April 2017. The official results of the election is Anies Baswedan - Sandiaga Uno won the election with 57.96% of vote defeating Basuki Tjahaja Purnama - Djarot Saiful Hidayat, who got 42.04% of

320-432: A new group that would include the 7th Bn and support elements. (JDW 18 February 2004, p. 18) The same Jane's Defence Weekly story (Robert Karniol, 'Indonesia Reinforces Marines') said the Marine Corps leadership is reported to have ambitions for the service to expand to at least two full divisions. However, it was reported that the army was opposed, 'perhaps reflecting its leadership's concern over influence.' In 1958,

384-515: A number of facilities including six performing arts theaters, cinemas, exhibition hall, gallery, libraries and an archive building. He also oversaw the moving of Ragunan zoo to its present location, which was officially reopened on June 22, 1966, managed by the city administration. His administration also saw the development of Ancol Dreamland , a resort destination located along Jakarta 's waterfront, in Ancol ( Kelurahan ), Pademangan , Indonesia, on

448-409: A ribbon with the words "Jalesu Bhumyamca Jayamahe" and there is a writing bearing "Commando Corps" underneath. In between the Corps and Commando writings, there was a printed 1945 number indicating the Marine Corps year of foundation and below the traditional sword, blue wavy lines reflecting the wide Indonesian seas. The emblem was rectangular. In 1968, another change was made to print "Yellow" strips on

512-647: A silhouette map of Indonesia in black at the center, the emblem now being circular and the gold "Commando Corps" ribbon with the lettering in black changed to that of "Marine Corps". In 1976, the Chief of Staff of the Navy issued Decree No. Skep / 2084 / X / 1976 dated 20 October 1976, on the Change of the Marine Corps Emblem to comply with the earlier decree on the return to the former name of the corps. The change

576-672: Is a list of temporary replacements for the post of Governor of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Indonesian Marine Corps The Marine Corps of the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Korps Marinir Republik Indonesia , KORMAR RI ), previously known as the Commando Corps of the Indonesian Navy ( Korps Komando Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Laut , KKO ), is an integral part of

640-421: Is approximate and for illustration purposes only. In the Marine Corps, as part of the Indonesian Navy, the rank structure consists of officers known as in Indonesian as "Perwira", NCOs ("Bintara") and enlisted personnel ("Tamtama".) While the Marine Corps wears the blue shoulder boards (for officers and WOs) and blue stripes (for enlisted personnel) or blue/gold chevrons (for NCOs) as a component service of

704-574: Is often cited as a popular leader. In 1978, mass student protests embroiled the capital, and students nominated Sadikin as an alternative president. The Petition of Fifty is a document criticizing President Suharto's use of the state philosophy, Pancasila , against his political opponents. The petition was published on May 5, 1980 in Jakarta. The petition emerged as an expression of concern and concern by 50 influential military and private figures in Indonesia. The contents of Petition of Fifty include that

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768-584: Is the special operations and counter-terrorism forces of the Indonesian Navy . This is a combined detachment formed from selected personnel of the Navy's Frogmen unit ( Kopaska ) and the Marine Corps' Taifib . According to the directory of the Navy Chief of Staff, Denjaka is a Marine Corps task force under the Indonesian Navy , with the Commandant of the Marine Corps holding responsibilities for general training, while specific training falls under

832-503: The 1st Marine Forces East ( Pasmar 1 ). In 2004, the 2nd Marine Forces West ( Pasmar 2 ) was established on the basis of the Marine Independent Brigade, now including the 2nd and 3rd Marine Brigades plus additional combat support and service support units. All these were a result of a massive modernization and expansion program that still continues today. A 3rd division-sized unit would be raised in 2018 as part of

896-696: The Indonesian Fleet Command , is operationally responsible to the commanders of the Marine Forces. Each of the 3 Marine Corps Bases (Jakarta, Surabaya and Sorong) are part of the Marine Force ORBAT. The Batalion Intai Amfibi or Taifib in short is the Marine Corps' amphibious reconnaissance special forces, as it is also capable in special reconnaissance and also in airborne (Para-Commando) missions. They were officially formed on 18 March 1961 as marine commandos and

960-540: The Indonesian Marine Corps , he saw the city as a battlefield. He sought to improve public services, clear out slum dwellers, ban becaks ( cycle rickshaws ), and outlaw street peddlers. Sadikin's role in bulldozing poor areas of Jakarta was part of a long history of struggle over land use in the region. Through legislation, Sadikin successfully wrested control over large amounts of poor housing. These areas he gave at minimal cost to developers such as

1024-426: The Indonesian Navy and is sized at the military corps level unit as the naval infantry and main amphibious warfare force of Indonesia . The Marine Corps is commanded by a two-star Marine Major General. The Marine Corps was initially formed as a special operations force for the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL), then named Korps Komando abbreviated " KKO " ( lit.   ' Commando Corps ' ). The Marine Corps

1088-532: The Infantry , Cavalry , and Artillery and would be supported by one Combat Support Regiment and one Administration Support Regiment. The expansion would create three Kormar bases: Surabaya for Eastern area command, Jakarta for Central area command, and Rate Island in Lampung for Western area command. The 1st Marine Brigade and all combat support and service support elements were consolidated in 2001 to form

1152-573: The Ismail Marzuki Park , Ragunan Zoo , Ancol Dreamland , and a number of other infrastructure projects. Notably, Ali allowed the construction of night entertainment projects, as well allowing entertainment in the form of gambling in Jakarta. With taxes generating from gambling being used to build the city and build the Jakarta Islamic Centre . Ali's governorship also saw the revival of Betawi culture in Jakarta, with

1216-522: The de facto major, Suwiryo, as republikeinse burgemeester . Bogaardt's successor, E. M. Stok, finally gained de facto control after the Dutch occupied the city in Operation Product on 21 July 1947. There were four mayors of the city during this period, but only one was recognized as a definitive mayor, while the rest was referred as waarnemend burgemeester (acting mayor). The formation of

1280-614: The Dutch control and the city was named Jakarta Jakarta Special City ( ジャカルタ特別市 , Jakaruta tokubetsu-shi ) , in accordance with the special status that was assigned to the city). After the collapse of Japan, Indonesian nationalists who declared independence on August 17, 1945, the government of Jakarta City was changed from the Japanese into the Jakarta National Administration in September 1945. After

1344-488: The Dutch forces on 21 July 1947, following the Operation Product that occupied the town. Following the Dutch return to Jakarta in early 1946, the Dutch civil administration, NICA , appointed the Archibald Bogaardt as the acting mayor of Batavia. Bogaardt had been the mayor of Batavia previously in 1941, and lost his power to the Japanese in 1942. The Dutch appointed Bogaardt in a shadow government and referred

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1408-718: The Federal Region of Batavia was announced with the Staatsblad No. 63 in June 1948. The federal region was given an autonomous status in the territory of the State of Pasundan . The governor of the region, Hilman Djajadiningrat, was appointed on 2 November 1948. After the return of Jakarta to Indonesia, the Federal Territory of Batavia was abolished. Hilman Djajadiningrat, the former governor, and Sastromoeljono,

1472-538: The Japanese appointed Baginda Dahlan Abdullah as the acting tokubetsu-shichō . After the Indonesian Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the power transfer of the city was handed over from Japan to Indonesia on 19 September 1945. Following the power transfer, President of Indonesia appointed Suwirjo as the Mayor of Jakarta on 23 September 1945. Suwirjo ended him term after being arrested by

1536-547: The Jaya Group. For Abidin Kusno, Sadikin was part of a modernist program to attack irrationality, criminalize poverty, and create obedient national citizens. At the same time, he sought to kampung -ize city dwellers—to reinvest them with village sociality and mutual aid ( gotong royong ). Ali also tried to halt migration into Jakarta by declaring the city closed to newcomers. He issued residency cards in hope of enforcing

1600-656: The LBH, the Legal Aid Society ; an organization which was used by both the private sector and the urban poor. Ali also carried out the construction of Jakarta's infrastructure. Notably, he oversaw the construction and inauguration of Ismail Marzuki Park , an arts, cultural, and science center located at Cikini in Jakarta , Indonesia , on the site of what was then the Ragunan zoo . Taman Ismail Marzuki complex comprises

1664-411: The Marine Corps for two years. The certification of amphibious reconnaissance is notoriously difficult that the passing rate of these candidates in each class is only ten percent. The Taifib today is organized into an administrative regiment of three battalions, each battalion assigned to each Marine Force of the Corps. The Detasemen Jala Mangkara ( Detasemen Jala Mangkara ) or Denjaka in short

1728-578: The Marine Corps is structured into the following in accordance with the provisions of Presidential Regulation No. 66/2019 on the Organization of the Indonesian National Armed Forces: The Marine Forces ( Pasukan Marinir , abbreviated as Pasmar ) is the Marine Corps' main operational command. Pasmar's main operational missions are to foster the strength and capability of operational readiness as

1792-530: The Marine Corps was the Corps Mariniers (CM), which was formed on 15 November 1945 at Base IV of ALRI (the previous name of Indonesian Navy) in Tegal . The date was later commemorated as the birthday of the Marine Corps. The CM was originally intended to serve as 'training school' for Navy sailors to be able to fight in ground warfare in case of emergency. Most of its pioneer instructors were graduates of

1856-477: The Navy its ranks follow those of the Indonesian Army , with the exception of a five-star rank. The highest rank obtainable in the Marine Corps is Major General , as it is the rank of Commandant of the Marine Corps. However, it is possible to be promoted into higher rank if appointed into a position that requires 3-star rank or higher. Only few people managed to obtain rank of Lieutenant General , one of

1920-600: The Navy named Korps Komando (KKO) or Naval Commando Corps . The first recruitment batch of this new commando unit arrived in 1949 and almost all of the first recruits were veterans of the CM in Tegal. Later on, the huge number of CM veterans in active duty within this formation would later justify the date of the Marine Corps Birthday, being set and held annually every 15 November in memory of its foundation. In 1950

1984-608: The Navy's amphibious force in the framework of power projection to the land by sea, coastal defense operations on strategic islands, and other combat operations in accordance with the policy of the Navy Chief of Staff, Marine Corps Commandant, and Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The 4th Brigade reports directly to the commander of the 1st Marine Force. In addition the Fleet Marine Force ( Satmar Koarmada RI ), while under

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2048-557: The Petition of Fifty. Reportedly, he regularly hosted meetings of the petition at his home. Though he remained a resolute statist in favor of militarism , he opposed President Suharto's consolidation of power in the government and military ( ABRI ). It is likely that Sadikin's stature and popularity both bolstered the Petition of Fifty and helped to shield it from more severe repression. Sadikin died in Singapore on May 20, 2008, and

2112-759: The Semarang Shipping Science Polytechnic during the Japanese occupation period . During the Indonesian National Revolution , he joined the People's Security Agency Navy , the predecessor to the Indonesian Navy , and fought against the Dutch during Operation Product and Operation Kraai . Following the end of the national revolution, Ali remained in the navy and fought against the Permesta rebel movement in

2176-867: The Suharto has considered himself to be the embodiment of Pancasila . Suharto considered any criticism of him to be a critique of the state ideology of Pancasila. Suharto, among other things, used Pancasila as a tool to threaten his enemies. Participants of the Petition of Fifty included a group of powerful and highly influential critics of the New Order, including former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces General Abdul Haris Nasution , former National Police Chief Hoegeng Imam Santoso , and former Prime Ministers Burhanuddin Harahap and Mohammad Natsir . Ali also helped found and led

2240-514: The armored element was raised, the basis of the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment, armed at first with equipment left behind by the Dutch. The KKO was active in various military operations in Indonesia. One of the largest amphibious military operations would have been Operation Jayawijaya in which thousands of marines were planned to land on Biak in 1963 as a part of the Trikora Campaign to take West Irian from Dutch control. The operation

2304-490: The beret was equipped with emblems. Initially, the Marine Corps emblem was a red pentagon with the symbol of a golden tricorn hat and two crossed swords in the middle, the beret was pushed to the left where the emblem was located. In 1962, coinciding with the 17th anniversary of KKO-AL (old name of Indonesian Marines), there was a change in the emblem with the introduction of the Keris Samudera sword emblem surrounded by

2368-702: The color purple was used by the Marine Corps (when it was still called KKO-AL) in the form of a ribbon as security code to hold landing operations in Padang , West Sumatera during Operation 17 August (as a response to the PPRI / Permesta revolt by several Army officers). The purple beret was the first time used by the 1st Battalion KKO AL (1st Marine Battalion) in Operation Alugoro in Aceh in August 1961. Furthermore,

2432-539: The commander of armed forces assigned the CM, which had combat experience as a ground unit, away from the Navy and transformed into a regiment within Diponegoro Division of Indonesian Army on 17 March 1948. On 9 October 1948, the Ministry of Defense acknowledged the need for an amphibious commando unit and issued Minister Decree No. A/565/1948 regarding the establishment of a naval infantry corps within

2496-473: The construction of the Senen Project . During the 1960s, he founded an advocacy group for the waria . In 1975, Sadikin famously attended the wedding of Indonesia's first trans woman legally recognised as her true gender, Vivian Rubiyanti Iskandar . After having allegedly "allowed" Golkar to lose an election in Jakarta, Sadikin was removed from office. Despite Sadikin's heavy-handed urban reforms, he

2560-681: The expansion. Following a reorganisation introduced in March 2001, the corps consisted of the 1st Marine Corps Group (1,3,5 Battalions, 1st combat support regiment, and 1st administrative support regiment) at Surabaya and the Independent Marine Corps Brigade (2,4,6, battalions) at Jakarta (JDW 11 April 2001). The 8th Bn was formed in January 2004 and the 9th Bn was due to be formed in April 2004. They were planned to be part of

2624-481: The former mayor, handed over their mandate to Suwiryo on 30 March 1950. In a stack of governments, a regional head who submits for leave, temporarily resigns, and left office from his position to the central government, then the Minister of Home Affairs prepares his successor who is a bureaucrat in the local government or even a Vice Governor , including when the position of governor is in transition. The following

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2688-679: The height of the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation , Harun Hj Mohd Said and Usman Ali (hereinafter known as Usman Harun), two members of the KKO were dispatched to Singapore ( then a part of Malaysia ) using rubber boats. Their main task was to infiltrate and sabotage the interests of Malaysia and Singapore . In reality, this operation was only able to blow up the MacDonald House and cause civilian and non-military casualties. In that incident, 20 fruit shops around

2752-530: The hotel were heavily damaged, 24 sedan vehicles were destroyed, 30 people died, and 35 people suffered mild and serious injuries. This incident is known as the MacDonald House bombing . Usman Harun was unable to escape from Singapore and was eventually arrested and sentenced to death by the Singaporean government. On 15 November 1975 (the Corps' 30th anniversary), Chief of Staff of the Navy issued

2816-670: The increased popularity of Ondel-ondel performances and the Betawi mask dance . Ali was born in Sumedang , West Java , on 7 July 1926, to Sundanese parents. He was the fifth child of six children from Raden Sadikin and Itjih Karnasih. His oldest brother, Hasan Sadikin, became a doctor whose name is immortalized in a hospital in Bandung ; his second oldest brother owned a printing press; his third oldest brother Usman Sadikin, worked at Garuda Indonesia ; his fourth oldest brother, Abu Sadikin,

2880-520: The late 1950s. In 1963, he was appointed Minister of Transportation by President Sukarno . A year later, he was appointed coordinating minister of the newly formed Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs. On 28 April 1966, Ali was appointed governor of Jakarta, becoming the first governor in Indonesia to be sworn-in at the Merdeka Palace . As governor, Ali carried out the construction of Jakarta's infrastructure. He constructed

2944-495: The modern Indonesian Navy . He was sent to Tegal , Central Java to form a Navy base and Marine Corps. During the war, he fought against the Dutch during Operation Product and Operation Kraai . Ali Sadikin also helped crush Permesta in North Sulawesi. According to a story, he bravely advanced to the front line, running while firing a machine gun . One of his friends called his fighting "Hollywood Style." Ali Sadikin

3008-451: The most notable persons is Lt Gen (KKO) Ali Sadikin . Also there is Lt Gen R. Hartono, which prominently acts as Vice Chief of Staff of the Navy. And as of present no Marine Corps officer has ever been promoted to General (as 4-star rank in the Navy, only held by Chief of Staff of the Navy). As of September 2023, more than 45 individuals have been given the extraordinary privilege of

3072-431: The office was held by a Resident Assistant from 1905. There are total of five Burgermeester served before the Japanese invasion in 1942. After the Japanese occupied Jakarta on 8 March, the Japanese upgraded the status of Jakarta into a tokubetsu-shi ( 特別市 , Special City) on 8 August 1942, and appointed a tokubetsu-shichō ( 特別市長 , head of the tokubetsu-shi ) . Prior to the appointment of tokubetsu-shichō ,

3136-490: The official Corps emblem officially began to be used exactly on the 31st Marine Corps Birthday Parade in Jakarta on 15 November 1976 when new colours were awarded to the Corps. The order of battle of the Indonesian Marine Corps consists of three divisions , one independent brigade , and a special ops unit ( Taifib ). Each Marine division oversees a Marine Infantry Brigade, a Marine Combat Support Regiment,

3200-622: The outer rings of the rectangular emblem. In 1975, with the issuance of Naval chief of staff order No. / 1831 / XI / 1975 dated 14 November 1975, the name of the Naval Operations Commando Corps (KKO-AL) changed its name to the Marine Corps in accordance with the name of the Corps Mariniers since 1945, and the waves were thus replaced by a blue lotus, its petals symbolizing amphibious operations and with

3264-515: The policy, but failed to curtail population growth. One of the earliest and most outspoken advocates of family planning , Sadikin showed that Muslim groups would support these policies. Under Sadikin, Jakartan pilgrimage to Mecca and other holy places surged. Hungry for revenue for his projects, Sadikin legalized gambling and steambaths (de facto brothels), much to the outrage of many Muslim groups. Although Sadikin's restructuring of land in Jakarta displaced countless urban poor, he also advocated for

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3328-771: The responsibilities of the Armed Forces' Strategic Intelligence Agency . Meanwhile, operational command of the Denjaka falls directly under the Commander of the National Armed Forces. The Marine Corps Training Command ( Komando Latih Marinir ) oversees the following training centers: Note : Indonesia is not a member of NATO , so there is not an official equivalence between the Indonesian military ranks and those defined by NATO. The displayed parallel

3392-405: The sailing school. However, at least one of its instructors, Tatang Rusmaja, a former PETA member, actually had experience in ground warfare. Due to a lack of naval equipment or ships, the CM was forced to join guerrilla warfare in the jungles and mountains of Central Java. Marines were deployed several times along with the Army to fight the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army and during this time,

3456-408: The site of what was previously a mosquito-infested swamps and fish ponds, and the source of century-old malaria outbreak in Jakarta. The first facility was the Bina Ria Ancol beach, best known for its drive-in theater especially during the 1970s, then followed with a golf course, swimming pool, oceanarium, Putri Duyung cottage, Hotel Horison and its casino. Ali's administration was also responsible for

3520-455: The vote. Below is a list of Mayors and Governors who have held office in the regional government district of Batavia in the Dutch East Indies until its transformation to Jakarta in Indonesia from the formation of the office in 1916. Note: Italic denotes acting mayor (governor it's already below ) The Dutch East Indies government began to appoint Mayors of Batavia ( Dutch : Burgermeester Batavia ) in 1916, previously

3584-402: The war, the Dutch name Batavia was internationally recognized until full Indonesian independence was achieved on December 27, 1949 and Jakarta was officially proclaimed the national capital of Indonesia. Based on the Act No. 5 of 1974 relating to the Fundamentals of Regional Government, Jakarta was confirmed as the capital of Indonesia and one of Indonesia's 26 provinces. This first government

3648-399: Was a soldier in the Army ; and his youngest brother is Said Sadikin. As a young boy, Ali wanted to become a sailor. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, he entered the Great Shipping Officer Education (P3B) which is now known as the Semarang Shipping Science Polytechnic. During the war of independence , Ali joined the Naval Section of the People's Security Agency , the forerunner of

3712-518: Was aborted as a consequence of deals preceding the New York Agreement . That campaign saw massive rearmament of the Corps as per the national policies of guided democracy in the later years of the Sukarno presidency, part of the increasing military ties between Indonesia and the Warsaw Pact, wherein the former US-made equipment would be replaced by Russian-produced APCs and IFVs including the PT-76 Amphibious light tanks, BTR-50 APCs and BM-14/17 MRLs (Southeast Asia's first-ever MRL system in service). At

3776-416: Was actively involved in various confrontations and conflicts in Indonesia. The Marine Corps also maintains a joint Navy-Marine special operations unit, known as Detasemen Jala Mangkara or DENJAKA ( Jala Mangkara Detachment) created on 1 December 1984, and draws operators from the KOPASKA (Navy's Frogman Commando Force) and Taifib (Marine's Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion). The forerunner of

3840-565: Was buried in Tanah Kusir Cemetery, Jakarta the next day. Ali was first married to Nani Sadikin, a dentist who became commonly known throughout Jakarta as Mpok Nani. However, Nani died in 1986, and Ali later remarried to a woman named Linda Syamsuddi Mangan. Together with Nani, Ali had 5 children. Namely, Boy Sadikin, Yasser Umarsyah Sadikin, Benyamin Irwansyah Putra, Edi Trisnadi Putra, and Irawan Hernadi Putra. Governor of Jakarta Governing system of Jakarta has changed throughout its history. On March 5, 1942, Japanese occupied Batavia from

3904-420: Was directly inaugurated by President Sukarno as Governor of Jakarta on Thursday, 28 April 1966 at 10:00 at the Merdeka Palace . His inauguration was based on Presidential Decree No. 82/1966. In that decision, Ali, who is also a member of the staff of the Deputy Minister for Economics, Finance, and Development, was deemed capable and fulfilled the requirements to become the Governor of Jakarta. A former officer in

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3968-410: Was first deployed in Irian Jaya (Papua) during Operation Trikora in April 1962. Starting from November 1971 it was called as Batalyon Intai Amphibi/Yon Taifib or Amphibious Recon Battalion. In order for a regular marine personnel to become a Taifib personnel, a candidate is selected from the Marine Corps who has already fulfilled the thorough mental and physical requirements, and at least has served in

4032-520: Was held by a mayor until the end of 1960, when the office was changed to that of a governor . The last mayor of Jakarta was Sudiro, until he was replaced by Dr Sumarno as governor of the province. In August 2007, Jakarta held its first ever election to choose a governor, whereas previously the city's governors were elected by members of DPRD. The poll is part of a country-wide decentralisation drive, allowing for direct local elections in several areas. Elections for governor and deputy governor are held for

4096-407: Was to add the Anchor as the background of the emblem (to signify the Corps as a constituent service of the Indonesian Navy), the "Marine Corps" ribbon was partially modified and the number "1945" remained at the center as before. The emblem is mounted on a beret provided that the center of the emblem base is located just above the outer end of the left eye's forehead, and thus is pushed to the right. So

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