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46-430: Allan Bank is designed in a "bleakly Italianate" style according to Pevsner , faced with scored stucco and roofed with slate; it has been described as "large, though not handsome". It was originally built by a Liverpool lawyer, John Gregory Crump, in 1805, and on its partial collapse the following year was rebuilt by him. An extension was added in 1834, perhaps designed by George Webster . Initially Wordsworth , who

92-724: A grants programme issued by the UK Government as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic . The fund aims to financially support cultural organisations in England (such as theatres, museums, and music venues) which had become financially unviable as a result of national and local restrictions. It is administered by Arts Council England . The fund was initially announced by the Chancellor Rishi Sunak in July 2020 as

138-578: A "one-off investment in UK culture". Sunak announced that the fund would be valued at £1.57 billion. Damon Buffini was announced as the chair of the Culture Recovery Board, the body tasked with managing the fund. The culture recovery fund is administered by the Culture Recovery Board, which comprises 11 members appointed by the DCMS . They are: The first 135 venues to receive money from

184-494: A Celebration , edited by Simon Bradley and Bridget Cherry, fifty years after BE1 was published: it includes twelve essays and a selection of text from the series. In 2012, Susie Harries, one of Pevsner's biographers, wrote The Buildings of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales: A Sixtieth Anniversary Catalogue of the Pevsner Architectural Guides , which was published in a limited edition of 1,000 copies by

230-608: A full solution. In the midst of these difficulties the Wordsworths entertained Thomas De Quincey on a visit that lasted for three months, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge moved in with the intention of making his permanent home with the Wordsworths, though after two fraught years he left for Robert Southey 's home in Keswick . By the beginning of 1810 they were looking for another house, and in May they decided to transfer themselves to

276-690: A further 588 organisations. The beneficiaries of this phase of the grants includes the Military Wives Choir , Somerset House , and the Puppet Theatre Barge . The second round of large grants was issued on 2 April 2021. It distributed £262 million to 2,272 venues. The Department for Culture, Media, and Sport (DCMS) also announced it was funding £82 million of loans to cultural landmarks and institutions. Another phase occurred in October 2021, with 142 sites receiving

322-525: A new format with integrated colour illustrations. In most cases the City Guides have preceded a revision of the volume on the county in which they are located, although they go into greater detail than the county volumes and have more illustrations. The Bristol guide, for example, superseded part of North Somerset and Bristol , which at that point was fifty years old, and provided material for Somerset: North and Bristol , published three years later. Two of

368-453: A sequential BE reference number, with Cornwall being BE 1. The last volume to be so numbered was Gloucestershire 2: The Vale and the Forest of Dean ( BE 41). Thereafter ISBNs identify each volume. Beginning in 1983, a larger format was introduced, and all subsequent new editions have been issued in this format (while, pending revisions, pre-1983 volumes continued to be reprinted in

414-511: A volume focusing on church buildings and another on dwelling houses (including vernacular architecture ). In 1986, Penguin published an anthology from Pevsner's volumes edited by Bridget Cherry and John Newman , The Best Buildings of England , ISBN   0-670-81283-8 . It has an introduction by Newman assessing Pevsner's aims and methods. In 2001, the Penguin Collectors Society published The Buildings of England:

460-404: Is no single approach for which volume should include the structure in its main gazetteer. In some cases, one volume refers the reader to the other, and in other cases only a few lines appear in one volume and a fuller entry appears in the other. In a very few cases (listed below) a full entry appears in both volumes. The revision of the series has rendered some original volumes obsolete, usually as

506-535: Is underway some of the remaining five volumes: Belfast, Antrim, and County Down ; Connacht/Connaught ; Dublin: County ; Munster, except Cork ; and South Leinster . The series generally uses the traditional provinces and counties of Ireland as its boundaries and ignores the Irish border . A standalone volume covering the island, authored by Jonathan Kewley, was published in early 2023. A number of bridges connect areas covered by different volumes. However, there

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552-611: The Isle of Man was published in 2023. The series were published by Penguin Books until 2002, when they were sold to Yale University Press . After moving to the United Kingdom from his native Germany as a refugee in the 1930s, Nikolaus Pevsner found that the study of architectural history had little status in academic circles, and that the amount of information available, especially to travellers wanting to inform themselves about

598-547: The Penguin Collectors Society . In 1997, the BBC broadcast a series of documentaries entitled Travels with Pevsner , in which six writers and broadcasters travelled through a county which had particular significance to them. They revisited buildings mentioned by Pevsner, critically examining his views on them. A further series was broadcast in 1998. John Grundy, who presented the programme on Northumberland,

644-499: The University of Cambridge , spent the academic holidays touring the country to make personal observations and to carry out local research, before writing up the finished volumes. The first of the original forty-six volumes, Cornwall , was published in 1951, and the last, Staffordshire , in 1974. Pevsner wrote thirty-two volumes himself and ten with collaborators. A further four of the original series were written by other authors:

690-601: The Allan Bank years Wordsworth had written The Convention of Cintra , the first version of the Guide to the Lakes and most of The Excursion , and revised The White Doe of Rylstone , while Coleridge produced his journal The Friend . Thereafter Crump sometimes lived at Allan Bank himself, sometimes let it out to tenants, until it fell into other hands in 1831. The educator and historian Thomas Arnold and his family spent

736-643: The Docklands area meant that the volume was superseded when London 5: East was published seven years later, but the City Churches volume remains current and was reissued by Yale in 2002. The first volume of The Buildings of Scotland was Lothian, except Edinburgh , which was written by Colin McWilliam and published in 1978. Nikolaus Pevsner was enthusiastic about establishing a Scottish series, having responded warmly to an unrealised 1959 suggestion by

782-861: The National Trust staff there, who claim to spend £900 a year on feed, and by the Grasmere Red Squirrel Group. There is a sculpture of a red squirrel in the gardens. The Buildings of England The Pevsner Architectural Guides are four series of guide books to the architecture of the British Isles . The Buildings of England series was begun in 1945 by the art historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner , with its forty-six original volumes published between 1951 and 1974. The fifteen volumes in The Buildings of Scotland series were completed between 1978 and 2016, and

828-458: The Scottish volumes are internally subdivided; for example , Argyll and Bute has separate gazetteers for mainland Argyll, its islands, and Bute. Unlike The Buildings of England , none of the Scottish volumes adopt a hierarchy of ecclesiastical buildings, instead grouping them together. The series has also been extended to Wales, and was completed with the issue of Gwynedd in 2009. Only

874-488: The architectural historian Andor Gomme that the latter could produce it. A major contributor to the Scottish series is John Gifford, who before his death in 2013 authored five volumes and oversaw research on all but one of the remainder. After Lothian , which was the only volume published in the original small format, a major task was producing Edinburgh (1984) and Glasgow (1990), which were ambitious in their scope of coverage of urban buildings. The remainder of Scotland

920-592: The architecture of a particular district, was limited. To rectify this shortcoming, when he was invited to suggest ideas for future publications by Allen Lane , the founder of Penguin Books , he proposed a series of comprehensive architectural guides to the English counties. Work on The Buildings of England began in 1945. Lane employed two part-time assistants, both German refugee art historians, who prepared notes for Pevsner from published sources. Pevsner, who held positions at Birkbeck College, University of London and

966-521: The area of coverage has changed. For example, the county of Cumbria was created after the publication of Cumberland and Westmorland and North Lancashire , leading to the merger of material from both volumes in a single-volume Cumbria , a revision with a new geographical focus. The following volumes have been wholly or partially superseded: In some published volumes and in advance publicity, certain titles were announced which were ultimately never published. A number of factors accounted for this, including

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1012-618: The boundaries of the historic counties of England , which were current at the time of writing. They largely continue to use the historic boundaries, but have been partially updated to reflect changes in London, Birmingham and the Black Country , and Cumbria. The volume on the historic county of Middlesex , for example, has been superseded by three of the six volumes covering the Greater London area, whereas Tyne and Wear , which

1058-616: The co-founders of the National Trust , and he moved into it on his retirement in 1917. He died there on 28 May 1920, leaving Allan Bank to the National Trust, though securing a lifetime's tenancy for his widow Eleanor Foster Simpson. She remained until her death in 1959. In the 1950s a fire destroyed a large wing at the rear of the house, and a second fire in 2011 did further serious damage. The National Trust thereupon began long-term restoration work, and in March 2012 opened Allan Bank to

1104-475: The event this was delayed until the end of May 1808. "We already feel the comfort of having each a room of our own", wrote his sister Dorothy Wordsworth in June, but as the year drew on the Wordsworths began to change their minds as they realized that on windy days the various chimneys smoked appallingly. Dorothy called the house "literally not habitable", and complained that "dishes are washed, and no sooner set in

1150-470: The final unrevised first edition, Staffordshire , was superseded by an updated edition in 2024. The books are compact and intended to meet the needs of both specialists and the general reader. Each contains an extensive introduction to the architectural history and styles of the area, followed by a town-by-town – and in the case of larger settlements, street-by-street – account of individual buildings. These are often grouped under

1196-475: The first volume, Powys (1979), appeared in the original small format style; this volume has now been superseded by a revised large-format edition, published in 2013. The volumes of the series are organised using a combination of the current principal areas (e.g. Pembrokeshire ), the preserved counties (e.g. Gwynedd ), and the historic counties (e.g. Glamorgan ). The Irish series is incomplete, with six volumes being published between 1979 and 2020. Research

1242-436: The fund were announced on 22 August 2020. This first phase included only grassroots music venues such as Birmingham's Sunflower Lounge, Brighton's Green Door Store and Manchester's Gorilla. A large group of beneficiaries of the grants was announced on 12 October 2020. This phase totalled £257 million divided between 1,385 venues. A further announcement was made on 17 October 2020 of an additional £76 million between

1288-479: The guides, one covering Hull and the other Newcastle and Gateshead, remain the most recent volumes on their areas of coverage, as the corresponding county volume has not been revised since their publication. This series appears to be on a hiatus, with no new volumes published since 2010 and none confirmed as in planning. Two supplementary works – thus far the only of their type – were published in 1998, one covering London's City Churches and

1334-581: The heading "Perambulation", as Pevsner intended the books to be used as the reader was walking about the area. The guides offer both detailed coverage of the most notable buildings and notes on lesser-known and vernacular buildings; all building types are covered but there is a particular emphasis on churches and public buildings. Each volume has a central section with several dozen pages of photographs, originally in black and white, though colour illustrations have featured in revised volumes published by Yale University Press since 2003. The volumes originally used

1380-462: The main guides. No further print publications were issued, but the title survives as an introductory website to architectural terms and selected buildings which feature in the Pevsner guides. In 1995 a CD-ROM entitled A Compendium of Pevsner's Buildings of England was issued by Oxford University Press , designed as a searchable database of the volumes published for England only. A second edition

1426-435: The old parsonage in the centre of Grasmere just as soon as it had been refurbished. Dorothy immediately began to regret the impending loss of their wonderful views of Grasmere and Easedale, and declared the place "sweeter than paradise itself". After a further year had passed, and without the planned improvements to the parsonage having been made, they moved in June 1811, leaving Allan Bank to their landlord Mr. Crump. During

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1472-417: The original, smaller format). All editions are now published by Yale University Press . The list below is of the volumes that are currently in print; for superseded volumes, see below . Where revisions were spread over more than one volume, the preceding edition remained in print until the whole area had been revised. The first of the paperback City Guides, covering Manchester, appeared in 2001. It featured

1518-518: The other the Docklands area (see London Docklands in Superseded and unpublished volumes below). Both were issued in the format of the main series rather than the City Guides. However, unlike the Docklands edition which represented preliminary work for an expanded main volume, the City Churches volume augmented the text in London 1: The City , published the previous year. The continued development of

1564-483: The pantry then they are covered with smoke". On one stormy day, she wrote, "we could have no fire but in my Brother's Study – and that chimney smoked so much that we were obliged to go to bed with the Baby in the middle of the day to keep it warm, and I, with a candle in my hand, stumbled over a chair, unable to see it". Workmen were periodically brought in to tackle the chimney problem but their many attempts did not produce

1610-471: The public for the first time. In June 2017 they were describing the house as "still very much a work in progress". In October 2021, the building was one of 142 sites across England to receive part of a £35-million injection into the government's Culture Recovery Fund . Cumbria is one of the few remaining habitats in England of the red squirrel , and the grounds of Allan Bank are known as a place where they are especially commonly seen. They are encouraged by

1656-462: The readiness of parts of the text covering certain areas and the anticipated size of the volumes. Unpublished titles included: In 1995 Penguin, in conjunction with English Heritage , released a publication based on the guides entitled Looking at Buildings . Focusing on the East Riding of Yorkshire volume, Pevsner's text was adapted as an introduction, with a greater number of illustrations than

1702-421: The summer of 1833 there while their new house at nearby Fox How was being built; he worked on part of his History of Rome there, and boasted to a friend of the inspiring quality of the view from his window as he wrote. One Thomas Dawson owned the house from 1834 till his death in 1894, sometimes taking short-term tenants, and it continued in his family until 1911. In 1915 it was bought by Canon Rawnsley , one of

1748-434: The ten in The Buildings of Wales series between 1979 and 2009. The volumes in all three series have been periodically revised by various authors; Scotland and Wales have been partially revised, and England has been fully revised and reorganised into fifty-six volumes. The Buildings of Ireland series was begun in 1979 and remains incomplete, with six of a planned eleven volumes published. A standalone volume covering

1794-481: The two Gloucestershire volumes by David Verey, and the two volumes on Kent by John Newman . The first volume of The Buildings of Scotland was published in 1978, and the first volumes in The Buildings of Wales and The Buildings of Ireland in 1979. Revisions to the original English series began in 1962, and continued after Pevsner's death in 1983. Several volumes are now in their third or fourth revisions, and

1840-399: Was completed in 2024 with publication of the second edition of Staffordshire , replacing that published in 1974. Until 1953, all volumes were published in paperback only, after which both hardback and paperback versions were issued. The revision of London: 1 in 1962 was the first volume to be issued in hardback alone, and no further paperbacks were issued after 1964. Until 1970 volumes bore

1886-401: Was covered in the following decades, with the final volume, Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire , published in 2016. A revision of Lothian was published in 2024, the first full revision of a Scottish volume. The series is organised using a mixture of Scotland's current council areas (e.g. Highland and Islands ) and its historic shires (e.g. Fife and Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire ). Some of

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1932-598: Was established from parts of County Durham and Northumberland in 1974, is covered in the volumes about those two counties. Since 1962, the guides have undergone a gradual programme of updating to reflect architectural-history scholarship and to include significant new buildings. Pevsner left virtually all the revisions to others, acting as supervisor only. He ultimately revised only two of his original editions alone: London 1: The Cities of London and Westminster (1962) and Cambridgeshire (1970). Both were later revised again by others. The programme of revision of first editions

1978-471: Was far too small for his growing family, and Allan Bank was the only large house in Grasmere he could rent. There he would have enough room for all his household, as well as guests, and his children would be able to play on the slopes of Silver How and the banks of Grasmere lake . He accordingly took up the tenancy in the summer of 1807 with the intention of moving in some time during the autumn, though in

2024-503: Was one of the revisers of that county volume. Both series were accompanied by booklets published by the BBC, describing the buildings featured in the programmes and suggesting others to explore. The counties visited and the travellers were: In both series, extracts from Pevsner's text were read by Benjamin Whitrow . Culture Recovery Fund The Culture Recovery Fund is

2070-442: Was released in 2005. Bibliographies of the guides themselves were published in 1983, 1998 and 2012 by the Penguin Collectors Society . In 2016, Yale University Press published three volumes, each serving as an introduction to some of the buildings and the architectural terms mentioned in the text of the guides. Published as Pevsner Architectural Guides: Introductions these are: an architectural glossary (also available as an app ),

2116-514: Was then living less than a mile away in Dove Cottage , was outraged by the building of Allan Bank. In a letter to Richard Sharp he called it a "temple of abomination", and told him that "the house will stare you in the face from every part of the Vale [of Grasmere] and entirely destroy its character of simplicity and seclusion". He soon had to overcome his objections however, since Dove Cottage

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