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59-503: Almaty Region surrounds the city of Almaty . The region borders Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China . The region also touches three other regions of Kazakhstan: Jambyl Region to the west, Karaganda Region to the northwest, and East Kazakhstan Region to the north. Almaty Region has an area of 224,000 square kilometres. Much of the northwestern border of the region runs along Lake Balkhash , whose main affluent,

118-625: A decisive economic impact that strongly influenced the destiny of Alma-Ata as the capital of the Kazakh ASSR . In 1930 the construction of the highway and railway to Alma-Ata was completed. On 29 April 1927, the government decided to transfer the capital of the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from Kyzyl-Orda to Alma-Ata, within the RFSFR. This attracted more trade and people working with

177-530: A military parade to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic. Almaty Weather Station's GM mostly records south-easterly wind (30%), its resistance increases during the summer (37%) and falls in winter (19%). Wind speeds exceed 15 m/s on about 15 days a year, on average. Industrially developed and densely populated areas in the south and southeast of Kazakhstan are situated in

236-460: A mobile app was launched in 2017. The area of the city has been expanded during recent years with the annexation of the suburban settlements of Kalkaman, Kok Tobe, Gorniy Gigant District (Mountain Giant). Numerous apartment blocks and office skyscrapers have transformed the face of the town, which has been built into the mountains. Squatter settlements such as Shanyrak have resisted eviction in

295-401: A period of about 67 days. Weather with temperature above 30 °C (86 °F) is average for about 36 days a year. In the center of Almaty, like any large city, there is a heat island . Therefore, frost in the city center starts about 7 days later and finishes 3 days earlier than in the northern suburbs. Annual precipitation is about 650 to 700 mm (25.6 to 27.6 in). April and May are

354-483: A scientific, cultural, historical, financial, and industrial centre. The new general plan of Almaty for 2030 was released in 1998. It is intended to create ecologically safe, secure, and socially comfortable living conditions in the city. The main objective is to promote Almaty's image as a garden-city. It proposes continued multi-storied and single-housing development, reorganization of industrial districts or territories, improving transport infrastructure, and expanding

413-498: Is 25 per a group. Address: Almaty region, Enbekshikazakh district, Akshi village, Darkembai avenue, house 1. - Museum «Batyr babalar» (Heroic ancestors) The museum was built in 2016. It was opened in 2017within the framework of the program of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev «Course towards the future: modernization of Kazakhstan's identity». - Ilyas Zhansugurov literary museum It

472-429: Is 45 - 50 people per a group. The gallery works in five areas: • Research and assembly work. • Scientific and fund work. • Scientific and expositional work. • Cultural and educational work. Work with the media Address: Almaty region, Taldyqorğan, st. Kabanbay batyr 27 A - PUI «Historical and Cultural Center «Atameken» of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy» Put into operation on December 1, 2017. All

531-568: Is characterized by the influence of mountain–valley circulation . This is especially evident in the northern part of the city, located directly in the transition zone of the mountain slopes to the plains. Annual average air temperature is equal to 10 °C (50 °F), the coldest month is January, −4.7 °C (24 °F) (on average), the warmest month (July) 23.8 °C (75 °F) (on average). In average years frost starts on about 14 October and ends on about 18 April, with sustained extreme cold from about 19 December to about 23 February,

590-673: Is located in south-eastern Kazakhstan, almost 1000 km from the capital Astana. Kyrgyzstan's capital Bishkek is 190 km to the west, while Ürümqi in China is almost 1000 km east. The region is also home to the Mynjylky mountain plateau , an elevated plain located at the source of the Malaya Almaatinka river at an altitude of 3000 meters above sea level. Almaty has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfa ) with hot summers and cold winters. It

649-418: Is sharply continental, the average January temperature in the lowlands is -15 C, in the foothills - 6-8 C; July - +16 C and + 24 + 25 C, respectively. The annual rainfall on the plains is up to 300 mm, in the foothills and mountains - from 500-700 to 1000 mm per year. The share of Kazakhs, Russians, Uigurs by region census of 2009 year. Subsequently, the ethnic composition underwent strong changes with

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708-659: Is thought to be the apple's ancestral home. The wild Malus sieversii is considered a likely candidate for the ancestor of the modern domestic apple. During 1000–900 BC in the Bronze Age , the first farmers and cattle-breeders established settlements in the territory of Almaty. During the Saka period (from 700 BC to the beginning of the Christian era), these lands were occupied by the Saka and later Wusun tribes, who inhabited

767-709: The Ili River , is the most significant river of the region. In the region's northeast, it shares the four lakes of the Alakol Depression (Lakes Alakol , Sasykkol , Koshkarkol, and Zhalanashkol ) with East Kazakhstan Region. Other lakes within the region include Bartogay Lake and Kapshagay lakes, Lake Issyk , Kaindy and Kolsai lakes. The Trans-Ili Alatau branch of the Tian Shan Mountains extends from China and Kyrgyzstan into Almaty Region, along its southern border with Kyrgyzstan. Farther to

826-525: The Almaty Metro . The first line of the Almaty metro was launched on 1 December 2011, two weeks ahead of schedule. The extension of the line to Qalqaman was opened in 2015. Nevertheless, Almaty has developed a major problem with air pollution . Already in 1995, particulate emissions , then mostly from the city's thermal power station , exceeded Kazakh and EU standards by over 20 times. In 2008, Almaty

885-692: The Kazakhs became a minority in the region. During the years 1941–1945 the industrial potential of the city increased significantly. Development increased during the postwar years. The population of the city grew from 104,000 in 1919 to 365,000 in 1968. By 1967 the city had 145 enterprises, with the bulk of these being light and food industries. The main industries in Alma-Ata were: food processing (36% of gross industrial output), based largely on locally abundant fruit and vegetable raw materials, light industry (31%), and heavy industry (33%). The main products of

944-726: The Kazakhstan Hotel , and the Medeo Sports Complex. The supersonic transport Tupolev Tu-144 went into service on 26 December 1975, carrying mail and freight between Moscow and Alma-Ata in preparation for passenger services; these began in November 1977. The Aeroflot flight on 1 June 1978 was the 55th and last scheduled passenger flight of the Tu-144. Alma-Ata was the host city for a 1978 international conference on Primary Health Care . The Alma Ata Declaration

1003-683: The Wayback Machine Almaty Almaty , formerly Alma-Ata , is the largest city in Kazakhstan , with a population of over two million. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1936, while the country was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR , then from 1936 to 1991, a union republic of the Soviet Union and finally from 1991, an independent state. In 1997, the government relocated

1062-483: The 1920s to the 1950s. - Museum «Respect for Mother» The museum was built in 2014, opened in 2015. The building area is 4987 square meters. Departments of the museum: on 2 floors there are 2 thematic halls: 1. craft and jewelry 2. Mother heroines. Design capacity: 1 group of 30 people. - «Abylkhan Kasteev Fine Art Gallery» The museum was created in 2004 for the 100th anniversary of the national artist Abylkhan Kasteev. Total area - 427.0 square meters, Internal area of

1121-527: The 2009 census (excepting Almaty): In 2021, the mountain cluster of the Almaty Region was selected as one of the top 10 tourism destinations in Kazakhstan. Other popular sights include: Also in 2021, the tourism department of Kazakhstan announced that 15 huts for tourism shelter equipped with Wi-Fi, charging stations, and first-aid kits are planned to be constructed in the Almaty mountain area in

1180-574: The Bolshaya and Malenkaya Almatinka rivers. Construction began on 4 February 1854 and was largely completed by autumn. The fort was a pentagonal wooden palisade with one side built along the Malaya Almatinka. Before the end of the year, it was renamed Fort Vernoe ( Верное , "Loyal"), sometimes rendered as Vyernoe at the time. The palisade was eventually replaced with a brick wall with embrasures. The fort's main facilities were erected around

1239-737: The Kazakh defeated the Dzungar in the Anyrakay mountains, 70 kilometres (45 miles) northwest of Almaty. The Senior Kazakh Horde (Uly Zhuz) held jurisdiction over the region. During the eighteenth century, the city and region were roughly near the border of the Khanate of Kokand . It was then absorbed as part of the Russian Empire in the 1850s. To establish its control of the region, Russia built Fort Zailiyskoe ( Russian : Заилийское ) between

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1298-678: The Soviet Union and relocation of workers and industries from European areas of the Soviet Union during World War II , the city has a high proportion of ethnic Russians and Uyghurs . The city lies in the foothills of Trans-Ili Alatau (or Zailiysky Alatau) in the extreme south-east. It has a relatively mild climate with warm and dry summers and quite cold winters. Since the city is in a tectonically active area, it has an endemic risk of earthquakes . Although most tremors do not cause any significant damage, Almaty has suffered some large destructive earthquakes. The name Almaty has its roots in

1357-554: The Soviet Union on 16 December 1991 ( Kazakhstan Independence Day ). On 28 January 1993, the government renamed the city from the Russian Alma-Ata to the Kazakh name Almaty . In 1997 the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev approved the decree to transfer the capital from Almaty to Astana in the north of the country. On 1 July 1998 a law was passed to establish the special status of Almaty as

1416-505: The Soviet era, significantly decreased due to mass emigration to other countries after 1991. As of 2020, the Almaty Region has a population of 2,055,724. Ethnic groups (2020): Note: the population and ethnicity figures exclude the City of Almaty, which is administratively separate from the Almaty Region. In the 1989 census (excepting Alma-Ata): In the 1999 census (excepting Almaty): In

1475-567: The Theater and Art School in Alma-Ata. Since 1941, Zhandarbekova was an actress at the Mukhtar Auezov Kazakh Drama Theater , where she worked until the end of her life. Zhandarbekova played more than 200 roles. Since 1968, Zhandarbekova has been engaged in teaching activities. Since 1978, she has taught Actor's Mastery at T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts , thereby significantly contributing to

1534-507: The advent and collapse of the Soviet Union. At present, it is still multi-ethnic, however, Kazakhs absolutely prevail (72.07%), the share of Russians has greatly reduced to 13.33% of the region's inhabitants. The number of Uigurs is also significant (7.73%). The number of other Asian peoples - Turks, Kurds, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, as well as Koreans does not exceed 4% in total. The numerous communities of Germans, Greeks, Poles, Ukrainians, and other European peoples, who were once living in Kazakhstan during

1593-551: The capital to Akmola (now called Astana). Almaty is still the major commercial, financial, and cultural centre of Kazakhstan, as well as its most populous and most cosmopolitan city. The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan near the border with Kyrgyzstan in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau at an elevation of 700–900 m (2,300–3,000 feet), where the Large and Small Almatinka rivers run into

1652-702: The city was almost completely destroyed with over 770 brick buildings collapsing as a result of the 1911 Kebin earthquake . In 1918 following the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Bolshevik government, Soviet power was established in Verny. The city and the region became part of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (RSFSR). On 5 February 1921, Verny was renamed Alma-Ata, one of

1711-452: The city was renamed Almaty in 1993 and continued as the capital until 1997, when the capital was moved to Akmola (renamed Astana in 1998, Nur-Sultan in 2019, and again Astana in 2022). Since then Almaty has been referred to as the "southern capital" of Kazakhstan. Almaty remains the largest, most developed, and most ethnically and culturally diverse city in Kazakhstan . Due to development by

1770-547: The city's ancient names, by a joint consultation of regional government representatives, professional trade associations, and local faith-based groups. In 1926, the Council of Labor and Defence approved the construction of the Turkestan–Siberia Railway that was a crucial element of the future growth of Kazakhstan, especially in the east and southeast of the region. The Turkestan–Siberia Railway construction also had

1829-512: The curtain of the theatre with the performance of G. Musrepov “Kozy Kurpesh-Bayan Sulu”. On August 31, 2000, the theatre was named after People's Artist of Kazakhstan Biken Rimova, laureate of State Prize. On October 30, 2018, they moved to a new building. - «Museum of Applied Arts named after Master Darkembay» PUSE The total area is 3.0 hectares. Internal area of the museum - 375 square meters. The number of exhibits - 2437. The museum consists of 6 exhibition halls. The number of people for excursion

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1888-573: The dates of occurrence and extracts from the historical chronicles of the times: Sholpan Zhandarbekova Sholpan Isabekyzy Zhandarbekova (1 January 1922 - 14 September 2005) was a Kazakh actress and teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1982). Sholpan Zhandarbekova was born on January 1, 1922 (according to other sources, on January 2, 1923) in Milibulak village, now Karkaralyn district, Karaganda region , Kazakhstan. In 1942, she graduated from

1947-559: The end of 1939, part of the districts was transferred to the Dzhambul and Semipalatinsk regions, 23 districts remained in the Alma-Ata region, including the newly formed 7. In March 1944, Taldy-Kurgan Region was allocated from its structure, to which 11 districts were transferred. On October 28, 1966, Alma-Ata region was awarded by Order of Lenin for its success in increasing the production and procurement of grain, meat, milk and other agricultural products. On December 3, 1970, Alma-Ata region

2006-631: The exhibits collected in the golden fund of the center tell about the life of President Nursultan Nazarbayev from his childhood to the present day, when he became the Leader of independent Kazakhstan. The total area is 3.5000 ha. The internal volume of the museum is 1249.5 square meters. The number of materials of museum significance is 649. The center consists of 4 exhibition halls, there is a conference room for 16 seats. Address: Almaty region, Karasai district, village Shamalgan, Zhibek Zholy street 158 / A. http://kultura.zhetisu.gov.kz/ Archived 2020-06-11 at

2065-462: The face of these development plans. Almaty was the site of a notorious terrorist attack in July 2016, when Jihadist Ruslan Kulikbayev killed eight police officers and two civilians in a shootout and car chase. Kulikbayev was wounded during the shootout and later sentenced to death for the attack. In March 2020, the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in the city. Soon, Almaty was transformed, as

2124-499: The gallery - 1200 square meters. The number of materials of museum significance is 166. The gallery consists of 9 rooms. The number of people on excursion is 10 per group. Address: Almaty region, Panfilovsky district, Zharkent, Yuldashev street, house number 9 - «Gallery of Fine Art» PUSE It was founded in 2003. The number of materials of museum significance is 404. The total area is 1011.9 square meters, of which 10 exhibition halls - 674.0 square meters. The number of people on excursion

2183-690: The government dramatically affected the city's population and structures. To better organize the home front and concentrate industrial and material resources, the government evacuated 26,000 people and numerous industries from the European theatre of war. Alma-Ata hosted over 30 industrial facilities removed from the European section of the USSR , eight evacuated hospitals, 15 institutes, universities and technical schools; and around 20 cultural institutions. Motion picture production companies from Leningrad , Kyiv , and Moscow were also moved to Alma-Ata at this time. This brought in so many ethnic Russians that

2242-689: The government, stimulating intensive development in the city. On 31 January 1928, Leon Trotsky , leader of the 1917 October Revolution , accompanied by his wife Natalia Sedova and his son Lev Sedov , was exiled to Alma-Ata by Joseph Stalin , then head of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in Moscow. Trotsky was expelled from Alma-Ata to Turkey in February 1929, and went into exile in Mexico City. The Alma-Ata airport

2301-481: The large central square for training and parading. In 1867, the settlement around the fort was large enough that it was reorganized as the town of Almatinsk ( Алматинск ). Before the end of the year, this was renamed Verny ( Верный , Vernyj ). On 28 May 1887, at 4 a.m., an earthquake almost totally destroyed Verny in 11–12 minutes. By 1906 the population of the city had grown to 27,000, two-thirds of whom were Russians and Ukrainians. On 3 January 1911

2360-513: The medieval settlement Almatau , that existed near the present-day city. A disputed theory holds that the name is derived from the Kazakh word for 'apple' (алма), and is often translated as "full of apples". Originally it was Almatau which means Apple Mountain. There is great genetic diversity among the wild apples in the region surrounding Almaty; the region west of the Tian Shan mountains

2419-523: The near future. The huts will be located in the middle and left Talgar, Kimasar, Tuyuk-Su, Upper Gorelnik, Big Almaty, Shukur and Prokhodnoye gorges. - Taldyqorğan Drama Theatre named after B.Rimova Drama Theatre named after B.Rimova was opened on November 4, 1975. A group of young graduates of the Almaty State Conservatory named after Kurmangazy, who graduated from class of People's Artist of Kazakhstan Sholpan Zhandarbekova , opened

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2478-489: The northeast, the Dzungarian Alatau runs along the region's border with China. The Charyn Canyon is one of the region's famous scenic spots. Alma-Ata Region , the predecessor of today's Almaty Region, was created from the historical region of Zhetysu on March 10, 1932. Its capital was Alma-Ata ( Almaty ). Several times during the Soviet period, the north-eastern part of the region, centered on Taldyqorğan ,

2537-588: The pandemic led the city into a changed behavior. The government imposed lockdowns of most institutions. In January 2022, Almaty was plunged into unrest as part of a national political crisis . There are 8 official Almaty city districts :     Alatau district     Almaly district     Auezov district     Bostandyk district     Jetysu district     Medeu district     Nauryzbay district     Turksib district Almaty

2596-540: The period of Saka and Wusun governance, Almaty became an early education center. In the 15th–18th centuries, the city was in decline as trade activities were decreasing on this part of the Silk Road . European nations were conducting more overseas trade by shipping. This period was one of crucial ethnic and political transformations. The Dzungar invaded, dominating the Kazakh people for a period. The Kazakhs fought to protect their land and preserve independence. In 1730

2655-597: The plain. The city, just like Astana and Shymkent , does not belong to any region and is officially a "city of republican significance". The city has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the area of music since November 2017. From 1929 to 1936, the city, then known as Alma-Ata, was the capital of the Kazakh ASSR . From 1936 to 1991, Alma-Ata was the capital of the Kazakh SSR . After Kazakhstan became independent in 1991,

2714-483: The population. During the 1930s Kazakh nomads suffered starvation after disruption of their traditional living patterns. (see: Asharshylyq ) In 1936 the Architecture and Planning Bureau developed a plan to enhance Alma-Ata as the new cultural capital of the Kazakh SSR . The plan was based on the existing rectangular system of districts. They were to be strengthened and reconstructed. During World War II

2773-513: The program «Course towards the future: modernization of Kazakhstan's identity» of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev. The total area of the building is 535 square meters. Museum departments: 1. The history of repression in Kazakhstan in 1916-1986; 2. In memory of victims of political repression; 3. Historical and educational society «Adilet» and its activities. Museum funds are being replenished with materials relating to citizens who were subjected to political repression from

2832-510: The region were: From 1966 to 1971, 1,400,000 square metres of public and cooperative housing were built. Annually, around 300,000 square metres of dwellings were under construction. Most of the buildings constructed during this time were earthquake-proof multi-story buildings. The Soviet government tried to diversify architectural forms to create a more varied cityscape. During this period, many schools, hospitals, cultural, and entertainment facilities were constructed, including Lenin's Palace,

2891-401: The regional museum of local lore. The total area of the museum is 271 square meters. The total number of exhibits is 6407. The building is under state protection as an example of architecture of the 19th century. - Museum of victims of political repression The building of museum was constructed in 2018 in accordance with the decision of the akim of Almaty region A. Batalov in the framework of

2950-671: The territory north of the Tian Shan mountain range with evidence of these times found in the numerous burial mounds ( tumuli ) and ancient settlements, especially the giant burial mounds of the Saka tsars. The most famous archaeological finds have been "The Golden Man", also known as "The Golden Warrior", from the Issyk Kurgan ; the Zhalauly treasure, the Kargaly diadem, and the Zhetysu arts bronzes (boilers, lamps, and altars). During

3009-677: The training of future theater artists. She became a Professor in 1982. Zhandarbekova acted in movies. She worked with film director Shaken Aymanov . For 17 years, she was the head of the local committee in the Mukhtar Auezov Kazakh Drama Theater. For ten years, Zhandarbekova was a military chief in the Almaty region, twice elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR . Sholpan Zhandarbekova died on September 14, 2005 in Almaty. She

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3068-537: The wettest months, during which about a third of the city's annual precipitation is received. It is not uncommon to see snow or a cold snap hitting Almaty as late as the end of May. For example, in the last quarter century, such snowfalls were recorded on 13 May 1985, 1 May 1989, 5 May 1993 and 18 May 1998. The record latest snowfall in Almaty was on 17 June 1987. Almaty sometimes experiences winter rain, despite heavy preceding snowfall and low temperatures. The most memorable winter rain took place on 16 December 1996 during

3127-546: The zones where the maximum magnitudes of expected earthquakes are from 6.0 to 8.3 (the intensity of I0=8–10). The south seismic active zone of Kazakhstan is a part of the North Tian-Shan ridge system. The main city of Almaty is located near the Zailiski Alatau mountain base. In recorded history prior to the late 19th century, three catastrophic earthquakes are known to have taken place there. The following are

3186-557: Was adopted, marking a paradigm shift in global public health. On 16 December 1986, the Jeltoqsan riot took place in the Brezhnev Square (now Republic Square) in response to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev 's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Kunayev . On 7 September 1988, the subway Almaty Metro project started construction; the subway was opened on 1 December 2011 after 23 years. Kazakhstan declared its independence from

3245-444: Was awarded by the second Order of Lenin for the great successes achieved by the working people of the region in fulfilling the five-year plan for the development of industrial and agricultural production. The region is administratively divided into seventeen districts and the cities of Konaev , Taldyqorğan , and Tekeli . The natural conditions of the Almaty region include 5 climatic zones - from deserts to eternal snows. The climate

3304-609: Was opened in 1930, opening up a direct connection from Alma-Ata to Moscow , the center of the Soviet government . Alma-Ata became the main entry by air to Kazakhstan , a status which it retains today. Transformation of this small town into the capital of the Kazakh SSR was accelerated by the large-scale construction of new administrative and government facilities and housing. The Great Purge of 1936–38 extended to Kazakhstan , where numerous intellectuals, activists, leaders, teachers and others were killed. The Soviet government dominated

3363-445: Was opened in 1984 on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the poet I. Zhansugurov. The museum is dedicated to the life and work of the poet. The building of museum was constructed in 1905-1907. From 1918 to 1976 it was used as various institutions of the Soviet government: district branch of the regional union «Kosshy», the editorial office of the regional newspaper «October Flag», a laboratory for insemination of livestock, in 1976-1980

3422-443: Was ranked the 9th most polluted city in the world. A 2013 study identified cars as a major source of pollution, and it was noted since 2003 and 2013 morbidity had increased by a factor of 1.5, and that the city takes the first place in the republic on respiratory, endocrine and blood diseases, cancer and bronchial asthma , even though there are no major industrial installations. An independent local air quality monitoring system with

3481-452: Was separated from Alma-Ata Region, forming a separate Taldy-Kurgan Region , only to be merged into Alma-Ata Region again several years later. In April 2001 the administrative center of Almaty Region was moved from Almaty to Taldyqorğan. Thus Taldyqorğan has become a regional capital again - this time without splitting the region. Almaty region was formed on March 10, 1932 with a center in the city of Almaty. The region included 18 districts. At

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