A USB hub is a device that expands a single Universal Serial Bus (USB) port into several so that there are more ports available to connect devices to a host system, similar to a power strip . All devices connected through a USB hub share the bandwidth available to that hub.
124-518: Apple TV is a digital media player and microconsole developed and marketed by Apple . It is a small piece of networking hardware that sends received media data such as video and audio to a TV or external display. Its media services include streaming media , TV Everywhere -based services, local media sources, and sports journalism and broadcasts . Second-generation and later models function only when connected via HDMI to an enhanced-definition or high-definition widescreen television. Since
248-733: A 10-foot user interface with support for a remote control and, in some cases, voice commands , as control schemes. Some services may support remote control on digital media players using their respective mobile apps , while Google 's Chromecast ecosystem is designed around integration with the mobile apps of content services. A digital media player's operating system may provide a search engine for locating content available across multiple services and installed apps. Many digital media players offer internal access to digital distribution platforms, where users can download or purchase content such as films, television episodes, and apps . In addition to internet sources, digital media players may support
372-463: A USB flash drive . A horizontal array of horizontal sockets may be easy to fabricate, but may cause only two out of four ports to be usable (depending on plug width). Port arrays in which the port orientation is perpendicular to the array orientation generally have fewer blockage problems. External "Octopus" or "Squid" hubs (with each socket at the end of a very short cable, often around 2 inches (5 cm) long), or "star" hubs (with each port facing in
496-433: A digital media extender , digital media streamer , digital media hub , digital media adapter , or digital media receiver (which should not be confused with AV receiver ). Digital media player manufacturers use a variety of names to describe their devices. Some more commonly used alternative names include: By November 2000, an audio-only digital media player was demonstrated by a company called SimpleDevices, which
620-450: A home cinema configuration, and attached to a television or AV receiver or both. The term is most synonymous with devices designed primarily for the consumption of content from streaming media services such as internet video , including subscription-based over-the-top content services . These devices usually have a compact form factor (either as a compact set-top box , or a dongle designed to plug into an HDMI port), and contain
744-427: A peer-to-peer digital media player , streaming content from iTunes libraries and playing the content over the network. First-generation Apple TVs can stream content from up to five computers or iTunes libraries. Also, five Apple TVs can be linked to the same iTunes library. The second-generation Apple TV onwards allows users to stream content from more than one iTunes library: these additional iTunes libraries can be on
868-569: A "rev A" of the hardware in March 2013. It uses a single-core variant of the A5 chip and draws less power than the original third-generation model. Despite Apple's promise before the revision's launch that "the component changes ... don't affect product features", in September 2014, Apple TV Software 7.0 introduced peer-to-peer AirPlay exclusively for the rev A model. The third-generation Apple TV
992-415: A 500 mA load on every port. For example, many seven port hubs have a 1 A power supply, when in fact seven ports could draw a maximum of 7 * 0.5 = 3.5 A, plus power for the hub itself. Designers assume the user will most likely connect many low-power devices and only one or two requiring a full 500 mA. On the other hand, the packaging for some self-powered hubs states explicitly how many of
1116-535: A 64-bit Apple A8 chip, and adds support for Dolby Digital Plus audio. It is taller but otherwise resembles the second- and third-generation models. The remote replaced the arrow button with swipe-to-select features, Siri support, a built-in microphone, volume control over HDMI CEC and IR , and an accelerometer ( IMU ). Upon release, the third-party apps were available from a limited range of providers, with new APIs providing opportunities for more apps. New apps and games were initially required to interface with
1240-541: A Mac or Windows -based PC running iTunes on the same network to sync or stream content to it. A model with a 160 GB hard drive was released in May 2007. The 40 GB version was discontinued in September 2009. In January 2008, it became a stand-alone device through a software update, which removed the requirement of iTunes syncing from separate computer, and allowed for media from services such as iTunes Store , MobileMe , and Flickr to be rented or purchased directly on
1364-441: A PC with a TV tuner. Some other capabilities which are accomplished by digital media players include: In the 2010s, there were stand-alone digital media players on the market from AC Ryan, Asus, Apple (e.g., Apple TV ), NetGear (e.g., NTV and NeoTV models), Dune, iOmega, Logitech , Pivos Group, Micca, Sybas (Popcorn Hour), Amkette EvoTV , D-Link, EZfetch, Fire TV , Android TV , Pinnacle, Xtreamer , and Roku , just to name
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#17327719986411488-538: A USB 2.0 device. Thus, not all USB 2.0 hubs operate at high speed. USB 3.0 is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard for interfacing computers and electronic devices. Among other improvements, USB 3.0 adds the new transfer rate referred to as SuperSpeed USB (SS) that can transfer data at up to 5 Gbit/s (625 MB/s ), which is about 10 times faster than the USB 2.0 standard. It
1612-400: A USB network to a maximum of 127 ports. The USB specification requires that bus-powered (passive) hubs are not connected in series to other bus-powered hubs. Depending on vendor and design, USB ports are often closely spaced. Consequently, plugging a device into one port may physically block an adjacent port, particularly when the plug is not part of a cable but is integral to a device such as
1736-508: A Wi-Fi-only model with 64 GB of storage, and a more expensive 128 GB model with Wi-Fi, Ethernet and a Thread radio. The included Siri Remote charges via USB-C instead of Lightning . This version is compatible with HDMI 2.1 QMS that allows a change of refresh rate without having a blank screen interruption. Apple TV allows consumers to use an HDTV with any Apple TV or a UHDTV with Apple TV 4K or later, to stream video, music, and podcasts as well as downloading apps and games from
1860-534: A collaboration with BT Group and Proximus Group that was never released to the public. Apple's final major attempt before the Apple TV was the Apple Pippin in 1990s, a combination home game console and networked computer. At a September 2006 Apple special event , Apple announced the first-generation Apple TV. It was originally announced as "iTV" to fit into their "i"-based product naming convention, but
1984-501: A compatible 4K television set. Apple offers AVC 1080p movies and video podcasts on iTunes. In comparison, Blu-ray films are 1080p H.264 or VC-1 video encoded at rates of up to 40 Mbit/s. Apple TV's audio chip supports 7.1 surround sound , and some high definition rentals from iTunes are offered with Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound. There is an Apple TV export option in QuickTime which allows content in some formats that
2108-485: A computer on a local network to maintain a central home media library of digitized CD, DVD or HD content, provide direct connectivity to photo organization software such as iPhoto, limit home video access to a local network only, play Internet radio, or preload content on Apple TV to be used later as a non-networked video player. For users who wish to connect the Apple TV to a computer, synchronization and streaming modes are supported. Apple TV in synchronization mode works in
2232-555: A conventional analog HiFi without connecting a computer to an amplifier or television. The means to play these files on a network-connected digital media player that is permanently connected to a television is seen as a convenience. The rapid growth in the availability of online content has made it easier for consumers to use these devices and obtain content. YouTube , for instance, is a common plug-in available on most networked devices. Netflix has also struck deals with many consumer-electronics makers to make their interface available in
2356-454: A different direction, as pictured) avoid this problem completely. USB cables are limited to 3 metres (10 feet) for low-speed USB 1.1 devices. A hub can be used as an active USB repeater to extend cable length for up to 5 metre (16 feet) lengths at a time. Active cables (specialized connector-embedded one-port hubs) perform the same function, but since they are strictly bus-powered, externally powered USB hubs would likely be required for some of
2480-564: A different name in the future, as have torrent trackers . In June, the service's operator was also sued by the Bell/Rogers/Videotron consortium for inducing copyright infringement. In June 2017, Televisa was granted a court order banning the sale of all Roku products in Mexico, as it was alleged that third-parties had been operating subscription television services for the devices that contain unlicensed content. The content
2604-541: A digital media player was also introduced by Intel in 2002 at the Intel Developer Forum as part of their Extended Wireless PC Initiative. Intel's digital media player was based on an Xscale PXA210 processor and supported 802.11b wireless networking. Intel was among the first to use the Linux embedded operating system and UPnP technology for its digital media player. Networked audio and DVD players were among
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#17327719986412728-445: A downstream port of a hub changes status, this change is dealt with in an interaction between the host and this hub; with any hubs between the host and "changed hub" acting as transparent. To this aim, each hub has a single interrupt endpoint "1 IN" (endpoint address 1, hub-to-host direction) used to signal changes in the status of the downstream ports. When someone plugs in a device, the hub detects voltage on either D+ or D− and signals
2852-503: A few. The models change frequently, so it is advisable to visit their web sites for current model names. These devices come with low power consumption processors or SoC (System on Chip) and are most commonly either based on MIPS or ARM architecture processors combined with integrated DSP GPU in a SoC (or MPSoC ) package. They also include RAM -memory and some type of built-in type of non-volatile computer memory (Flash memory) . HD media player or HDD media player ( HDMP )
2976-506: A full-speed hub (or connected to an older full-speed computer port). While high-speed hubs can communicate at all device speeds, low- and full-speed traffic is combined and segregated from high-speed traffic through a transaction translator . Each transaction translator segregates lower speed traffic into its own pool, essentially creating a virtual full-speed bus. Some designs use a single transaction translator (STT), while other designs have multiple translators (MTT). Having multiple translators
3100-617: A home hub, supporting controlling appliances remotely, granting guest access, and setting up automations. After newer 4K versions of the Apple TV were released, Apple continued to sell the fourth-generation model as an entry-level option, rebranding it as the Apple TV HD in March 2019. On October 18, 2022, the Apple TV HD was discontinued after seven years on the market after the release of the 4K third-generation model. At an Apple special event on September 12, 2017, Apple announced
3224-463: A laptop battery, if self-powered and certified to do so, but may be referred to as a simple docking station due to the similar nature of only needing one connection to charge the battery and connect peripherals. Hubs may feature power switches for individual ports to allow conveniently power cycling unresponsive devices. A USB network is built from USB hubs connected downstream to USB ports, which themselves may stem from USB hubs. USB hubs can extend
3348-435: A large square box on the screen upon startup (movies, TV shows, music, YouTube , podcasts, and photos) and presented in the initial menu, along with a "Settings" option for configuration, including software updates. In October 2009, Apple released a minor upgrade for the Apple TV called "Apple TV Software 3.0". This update replaced the interface in version 2.0 with a new interface which presented seven horizontal columns across
3472-451: A makeshift Intel Mac Mini , with a USB boot disk image being available online, and an install to the inbuilt hard drive possible by flashing the image to the hard drive through the USB booted disk. The device is not easily used unless a USB hub is installed, due to it only having one USB port. The first generation Apple TV has a 1 GHz Intel Pentium M CPU, and 256 MB of RAM. Neither
3596-403: A new SuperSpeed+ transfer mode, called USB 3.1 Gen 2 which can transfer data at up to 10 Gbps over the existing USB-type-A and USB-C connectors (1250 MB/s, twice the rate of USB 3.0). USB 3.2 , released in September 2017, replaces the USB 3.1 standard. It preserves existing USB 3.1 SuperSpeed and SuperSpeed+ data modes and introduces two new SuperSpeed+ transfer modes over
3720-453: A new (non-zero) address to the device. Any USB 2.0 hub that supports a higher standard than USB 1.1 (12 Mbit/s) will translate between the lower standard and the higher standard using what is called a transaction translator (TT). For example, if a USB 1.1 device is connected to a port on a USB 2.0 hub, then the TT would automatically recognize and translate the USB 1.1 signals to USB 2.0 on
3844-461: A new trend in the broadcast television industry, as the list of options for watching movies and TV over the Internet grows at a rapid pace. Research also shows that even as traditional television service providers are trimming their customer base, they are adding Broadband Internet customers. Nearly 76.6 million U.S. households get broadband from leading cable and telephone companies, although only
Apple TV - Misplaced Pages Continue
3968-407: A now playing screen. On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the new Siri Remote for the fourth-generation Apple TV (Apple TV HD) (although in some territories, Apple have kept the name Apple TV Remote, due to Siri functionality not being enabled on it in that territory). It is a completely redesigned remote that features dual microphones for Siri support and a glass touch surface for navigation around
4092-448: A portion have sufficient speeds to support quality video steaming. Convergence devices for home entertainment will likely play a much larger role in the future of broadcast television, effectively shifting traditional revenue streams while providing consumers with more options. According to a report from the researcher NPD In-Stat, only about 12 million U.S. households have their either Web-capable TVs or digital media players connected to
4216-479: A pre-loaded app store offering apps for multiple streaming and subscription services dealing primarily in copyrighted media. USB hub Physically separate USB hubs come in a wide variety of form factors : from external boxes (looking similar to an Ethernet or network hub ), to small designs that can be directly plugged into a USB port (see the "compact design" picture). "Short cable" hubs typically use an integral 6-inch (15 cm) cable to slightly distance
4340-870: A proprietary variant of RTSP / RTP . Using WDS -bridging, the AirPort Express can allow AirPlay functionality (as well as Internet access, file and print sharing, etc.) across a larger distance in a mixed environment of wired and up to 10 wireless clients. Speakers attached to an AirPort Express or Apple TV can be selected from within the "Remote" iPhone/iPod Touch program, allowing full AirPlay compatibility (see "Remote control" section below). A compatible Mac running OS X Mountain Lion or later can wirelessly mirror its screen to an Apple TV through AirPlay Mirroring while one running OS X Mavericks or later can also extend its display with AirPlay Display. Apple TV can be controlled by many infrared remote controls or paired with
4464-407: A separate power connection. However, many devices require more power than this method can provide and will not work in this type of hub. It may be desirable to use a bus-powered hub with self-powered external hard-disks, as the hard-disk may not spin down when the computer turns off or enters sleep mode while using a self-powered hub since the hard disk controller would continue to see a power source on
4588-399: A small hub away from physical port congestion and increase the number of available ports. Almost all modern laptop computers are equipped with USB ports, but an external USB hub can consolidate several everyday devices (like a mouse, keyboard or printer) into a single hub to enable one-step attachment and removal of all the devices. Some USB hubs may support power delivery (PD) to charge
4712-427: A temporary federal injunction against five retailers of Android-based set-top boxes, alleging that their continued sale were causing "irreparable harm" to their television businesses, and that the devices' primary purpose were to facilitate copyright infringement. The court rejected an argument by one of the defendants, who stated that they were only marketing a hardware device with publicly available software, ruling that
4836-429: A user to convert these media into playable digital files using a separate computer and software. They are also usually incapable of recording audio or video. In the 2010s, it is also common to find digital media player functionality integrated into other consumer-electronics appliances, such as DVD players , set-top boxes , smart TVs , or even video game consoles . Digital media players are also commonly referred to as
4960-430: A version of iOS , rather than the modified Mac OS X of the original model. The interface on Apple TV Software 4 is similar to that of previous versions, with only minor changes and feature additions throughout. In March 2012, Apple released a major new software update, with the Apple TV 3rd generation, labeled as Apple TV Software 5 (iOS 5.1), which shipped with the new 3rd generation Apple TV. This update completely revised
5084-472: A video-capable digital media player was presented by F.C. Jeng et al. in the International Conf. on Consumer Electronics in 2002. It included a network interface card, a media processor for audio and video decoding, an analog video encoder (for video playback to a TV), an audio digital to analog converter for audio playback, and an IR (infrared receiver) for remote-control-interface. A concept of
Apple TV - Misplaced Pages Continue
5208-490: A way similar to the iPod . It is paired with an iTunes library on a single computer and can synchronize with that library, copying all or selected content to its own storage. Apple TV need not remain connected to the network after syncing. Photos can be synced from iPhoto , Aperture , or from a folder on a Mac , or Adobe Photoshop Album, Adobe Photoshop , or from a hard disk folder in Windows . Apple TV can also function as
5332-457: Is a consumer product that combines digital media player with a hard drive (HD) enclosure with all the hardware and software for playing audio , video and photos to a television. All these can play computer-based media files to a television without the need for a separate computer or network connection, and some can even be used as a conventional external hard drive. These types of digital media players are sometimes sold as empty shells to allow
5456-475: Is a significant benefit when one connects multiple high-bandwidth full-speed devices. It is an important consideration that in common language (and often product marketing), USB 2.0 is used as synonymous with high-speed. However, because the USB 2.0 specification, which introduced high-speed, incorporates the USB 1.1 specification such that a USB 2.0 device is not required to operate at high speed, any compliant full-speed or low-speed device may still be labelled as
5580-466: Is broadcast to all devices attached to its downstream ports (pictorially described in the USB 2.0 specification in Figure 11-2, Hub Signalling Connectivity). Data received from a downstream port is generally forwarded to the upstream port only. This way, what is sent by the host is received by all hubs and devices, and what is sent by a device is received by the host but not by the other devices (an exception
5704-544: Is compatible with previous generation tvOS-based Apple TVs and ships with an updated SKU of the Apple TV HD. On October 18, 2022, Apple announced an updated Apple TV 4K with the A15 Bionic chip with a 5-core CPU (one high efficiency core disabled) and 5-core GPU, support for HDR10+ , reduced weight and dimensions, and removed the "TV" text from the top of the unit, leaving only the Apple logo. It comes in two configurations,
5828-469: Is instead installed to cool the hard drive and installed power supply. Apple released the second-generation Apple TV in September 2010. Based on the ARM-based Apple A4 chip instead of an Intel x86 processor, it runs a variant of iOS . It is housed in a black enclosure and is one-quarter the size of the first-generation model. The device has 8 GB of flash storage for buffering, replacing
5952-431: Is limited to the user interface and the viewing of photographs – all other content is simply upscaled to those resolutions. Those models cannot play 1080i or 1080p video content (e.g., HD camera video). The third- and fourth-generation Apple TV support 1080p video content. The Apple TV 4K, as the name suggests, supports 4K resolutions and HDR, including Dolby Vision. 4K content from sources such as iTunes can be played on
6076-426: Is meant to guarantee a minimum set of functionality and proper interoperability among digital media players and servers regardless of the manufacturer, but unfortunately not every manufacturer follows the standards perfectly which can lead to incompatibility. Some digital media players will only connect to specific media server software installed on a PC to stream music, pictures and recorded or live TV originating from
6200-521: Is recommended that manufacturers distinguish USB 3.0 connectors from their USB 2.0 counterparts by using blue (Pantone 300C) for the Standard-A receptacles and plugs, and by the initials SS . USB 3.1 , released in July 2013, is the successor standard that replaces the USB 3.0 standard. USB 3.1 preserves the existing SuperSpeed transfer rate, giving it the new label USB 3.1 Gen 1 , while defining
6324-402: Is reserved for service and diagnostics. The device connects through Ethernet or Wi-Fi to the computer for digital content from the Internet and local networks. Apple TV does not come with audio, video or other cables, which must be acquired additionally as required. On the previous Apple TV, media files could be transferred directly onto the device by syncing with another computer. Once content
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#17327719986416448-432: Is resume signaling). Downstream routing has been changed in USB 3.0 with the addition of Point to Point routing: A route string sent in the packet header allows a USB 3.0 host to only send a downstream packet to a single destination port, decreasing congestion and power consumption. Hubs are not transparent when dealing with changes in the status of downstream ports, such as insertion or removal of devices. In particular, if
6572-421: Is streamed through unofficial apps that are added to the devices through hacking. Roku objected to the allegations, stating that these services were not certified by the company or part of its official Channels platform, whose terms of service require that they have rights to stream the content that they offer. Roku also stated that it actively cooperates with reports of channels that infringe copyrights. The ruling
6696-936: The Android platform which gives them an advantage in terms of applications and games from the Google Play store. Even without Android some digital media players still have the ability to run applications (sometimes available via an app store ), interactive on-demand media, personalized communications, and social networking features. There are two ways to connect an extender to its central media server - wired, or wireless. While early digital media players used proprietary communication protocols to interface with media servers, today most digital media players either use standard-based protocols such SMB/CIFS/SAMBA or NFS , or rely on some version of UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) and DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) standards. DLNA-compliant digital media players and Media Servers
6820-556: The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act for selling devices that can circumvent effective technical protection measures . In Canada, it was initially believed that these set-top boxes fell within a legal grey area, as the transient nature of streaming content did not necessarily mean that the content was being downloaded in violation of Canadian copyright law . However, on 1 June 2016, a consortium of Canadian media companies ( BCE Inc. , Rogers Communications , and Videotron ) obtained
6944-526: The Federal Court of Appeal blocked an appeal requesting that the injunction be lifted pending the outcome of the case. Although the software is free to use, the developers of Kodi have not endorsed any add-on or Kodi-powered device intended for facilitating copyright infringement. Nathan Betzen, president of the XBMC Foundation (the non-profit organization which oversees the development of
7068-564: The USB-C connector using two-lane operation, with data rates of 10 and 20 Gbps (1250 and 2500 MB/s). USB4 Gen 4 with data rates of 80 and 120 Gbps (10,000 and 15,000 MB/s). Each hub has exactly one upstream port and a number of downstream ports. The upstream port connects the hub (directly or via other hubs) to the host. Other hubs or devices can be attached to the downstream ports. During normal transmission, hubs are essentially transparent: data received from its upstream port
7192-482: The Android operating system and branded as being " fully-loaded ", that are promoted as offering free streaming access to copyrighted media content, including films and television programs, as well as live feeds of television channels . These players are commonly bundled with the open source media player software Kodi , which is in turn pre-loaded with plug-ins enabling access to services streaming this content without
7316-472: The Apple TV 4K , which supports 2160p output, HDR10 , Dolby Vision , and includes a faster Apple A10X chip supporting HEVC hardware decoding. Dolby Atmos support was added in tvOS 12. Following the announcement of the new models, the 64 GB version of the Apple TV HD was discontinued. Changes to the 4th-generation case include the addition of vents on the base, the removal of the USB-C port, and
7440-473: The Apple TV HD and later and will not work with earlier generations. Beginning with the Apple TV HD, the remote includes two microphones and a button to activate Siri . Siri on the Apple TV has all of the functions of Siri on iOS 9; it can also respond to requests specifically for the TV. For instance, the viewer can ask Siri to search for a TV show or movie and it will search across multiple different sources to tell
7564-679: The Apple TV HD, Apple removed the optical audio port. Apple also enhanced the HDMI port by adding support for HDMI . The 4th generation also removed the USB hardware port in favor of the reversible USB-C port and the 5th generation removed USB entirely. AirPlay allows iOS devices or an AirPort -enabled computer with the iTunes music player to send a stream of music to multiple (three to six, in typical conditions) stereos connected to an AirPort Express (the audio-only antecedent of Apple TV) or Apple TV. The AirPort Express' streaming media capabilities use Apple's Remote Audio Output Protocol (RAOP),
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#17327719986417688-546: The Apple TV, Apple made a number of attempts to create TV-based devices: In 1993, Apple released the Macintosh TV in an attempt to enter the home-entertainment industry. The device had a 14-inch CRT screen and a TV tuner card . It was not a commercial success, with only 10,000 sold before its discontinuation in 1994. That year, the company developed the Apple Interactive Television Box ,
7812-484: The Apple TV. In July 2008, Apple released the software 2.1 update which added external recognition of iPhones and iPod Touches as alternative remote control devices to the Apple Remote. In September 2015, Apple discontinued iTunes support for the first-generation Apple TV, with accessibility being obstructed from such devices due to obsolete security standards. The first generation Apple TV can be modified into
7936-454: The Apple layout may also be compatible. On July 10, 2008, Apple released ITunes Remote , a free iOS application that allows the iPhone , iPod Touch , and iPad to control the iTunes library on the Apple TV via Wi-Fi . The Apple Watch also has a remote app to control Apple TV. The Remote App was updated on September 13, 2016, to take advantage of all the features of the Apple TV 4. This includes Siri, Touchpad, and Home Buttons, along with
8060-450: The CPU or RAM can be upgraded without soldering, as both are soldered onto the motherboard. The device has one HDMI interface, one USB port, one 10/100 base T Ethernet port, and a Component video interface. Due to its thermal management design utilizing the upper case as a passive heat sink, the device gets warm when in use. A fan is used to cool the case, but it does not reach the CPU and
8184-551: The HomePod mini, it has a Thread radio. It can pair with the ambient light sensor on iPhones with Face ID to optimize its color output, a feature that was also extended to older Apple TVs with tvOS 14.5. AirPlay supports high frame rate HDR playback, allowing videos shot on the iPhone 12 Pro in Dolby Vision 4K 60fps to be mirrored in full resolution. Following the announcement, the previous Apple TV 4K with an A10X chip
8308-470: The Internet, although In-Stat estimates about 25 million U.S. TV households own a set with the built-in network capability. Also, In-Stat predicts that 100 million homes in North America and western Europe will own digital media players and television sets that blend traditional programs with Internet content by 2016. Since at least 2015, dealers have marketed digital media players, often running
8432-450: The Kodi software), argued that the reputation of Kodi had been harmed by third-party retailers who "make a quick buck modifying Kodi, installing broken piracy add-ons, advertising that Kodi lets you watch free movies and TV, and then vanishing when the user buys the box and finds out that the add-on they were sold on was a crummy, constantly breaking mess." Betzen stated that the XBMC Foundation
8556-481: The Mac, it presents the user with seven options for consuming content. Movies, TV Shows, Music, Podcasts, Photos, Settings, and Sources. It was a modified version of OS x v10.4 Tiger. In February 2008, Apple released a major and free upgrade to the Apple TV, labelled "Take Two" (2.0). This update did away with Front Row and introduced a new interface in which content was organized into six categories, all of which appeared in
8680-407: The USB 3.0 and 2.0 data and therefore report a HUB device for both protocols. Most USB hubs use one or more integrated controllers (ICs), of which several designs are available from various manufacturers. Most support a four-port hub system, but hubs using 16-port hub controllers are also available in the industry. The USB bus allows seven cascading tiers of ports. The root hub is the first tier, and
8804-407: The USB ports. All USB ports operate at 5 volts, but may draw or supply differing amounts of electric current. A USB's electric current is allocated in units of 100 mA up to a maximum total of 500 mA per port. Therefore, a compliant bus powered hub can have no more than four downstream ports and cannot offer more than four 100 mA units of current in total to downstream devices (since
8928-869: The United Kingdom, the Federation Against Copyright Theft (FACT) has taken court actions on behalf of rightsholders against those who market digital media players pre-loaded with access to copyrighted content. In January 2017, an individual seller plead not guilty to charges of marketing and distributing devices that circumvent technological protection measures . In March 2017, the High Court of Justice ruled that BT Group , Sky plc , TalkTalk , and Virgin Media must block servers that had been used on such set-top boxes to illegally stream Premier League football games. Later in
9052-653: The Xbox 360 gaming console from Microsoft was among the first gaming devices that integrated a digital media player. With the Xbox 360, Microsoft also introduced the concept of a Windows Media Center Extender , which allows users to access the Media center capabilities of a PC remotely, through a home network. More recently, Linksys, D-Link, and HP introduced the latest generation of digital media players that support 720p and 1080p high resolution video playback and may integrate both Windows Extender and traditional digital media player functionality. A digital media player can connect to
9176-566: The accessibility features of iOS and macOS and are compatible with Apple's entire product line including the Apple Watch as a remote controller for the Apple TV. tvOS includes the Apple technologies of VoiceOver , Zoom, and Siri to help the blind and those with low vision. Pairing a Wireless keyboard with the tvOS on the Apple TV enables another accessibility feature that also is an incorporation of VoiceOver. When typing, VoiceOver mirrors with an audio voice, each character pressed on
9300-417: The account balance, adding funds to the account, synchronizing from more than one computer, full Internet radio support, and games. Digital media player A digital media player (also known as a streaming device or streaming box ) is a type of consumer electronics device designed for the storage, playback, or viewing of digital media content. They are typically designed to be integrated into
9424-528: The addition of a tactile white ring around the Menu button on the included Siri Remote . On April 20, 2021, Apple announced an updated Apple TV 4K with the A12 Bionic chip, support for high frame rate HDR, HDMI 2.1, and Wi-Fi 6 . Its HDMI port supports ARC and eARC , which allows other sources plugged into the television to output audio through Apple TV, including to AirPlay speakers like HomePod . Like
9548-589: The computer. Apple iTunes can, for example, be used this way with the Apple TV hardware that connects to a TV. Apple has developed a tightly integrated device and content management ecosystem with their iTunes Store , personal computers, iOS devices , and the AppleTV digital media receiver . The most recent version of the AppleTV has lost the hard-drive that was included in its predecessor and fully depends on either streaming internet content, or another computer on
9672-418: The defendants were "deliberately encourag[ing] consumers and potential clients to circumvent authorized ways of accessing content." 11 additional defendants were subsequently added to the suit. The lawyer of one of the defendants argued that retailers should not be responsible for the actions of their users, as any type of computing device could theoretically be used for legal or illegal purposes. In April 2017,
9796-408: The device does not support to be easily re-encoded. Applications that use QuickTime to export media can use this; e.g., iMovie 's Share menu, iTunes' advanced menu, and some third-party content conversion tools. Apple TV streams video through an HDMI cable (Type A) connected to the TV's HDMI port. Audio is supported through the optical or HDMI ports. The device also has a Micro-USB port, which
9920-488: The device is powered on. Interface navigation on the television is usually done with an infrared remote control , while more-advanced digital media players come with high-performance remote controls which allow control of the interface using integrated touch sensors. Some remotes also include accelerometers for air mouse features which allow basic motion gaming. Most digital media player devices are unable to play physical audio or video media directly, and instead require
10044-404: The device's main function. Digital media players do not usually include a tuner for receiving terrestrial television , nor disc drives for Blu-rays or DVD . Some devices, such as standalone Blu-ray players, may include similar functions to digital media players (often in a reduced form), as well as recent generations of video game consoles , while smart TVs integrate similar functions into
10168-457: The device's menus, for their streaming subscribers. This symbiotic relationship between Netflix and consumer electronics makers has helped propel Netflix to become the largest subscription video service in the U.S. as of 2011 using up to 20% of U.S. bandwidth at peak times. Media players are often designed for compactness and affordability, and tend to have small or non-existent hardware displays other than simple LED lights to indicate whether
10292-654: The download size limits, arguing that it leads to situations where game data is purged and has to be re-downloaded. 7.55 oz (214 g) (128 GB model) Apple TV contains neither a TV tuner nor a personal video recorder . Both capabilities can be applied to the connected home computer through various third-party products, such as allowing PVR software to connect to iTunes and enable scheduled HDTV recordings to play automatically via Apple TV for playback. Apple TV HD and newer can be linked with Wi-Fi-based tuners such as HDHomeRun . The Front Row interface lacks some iTunes functionality, including rating items, checking
10416-450: The earlier generations of Apple TV. It features an app store, allowing third-party app developers to release their own apps on the platform. The new software also features support for Siri voice control. The tvOS software development kit (SDK) for developing tvOS apps is included in Xcode 7.1 and later. A new development feature, App Thinning, is used in the Apple TV, running on tvOS, due to
10540-624: The first consumer devices to integrate digital media player functionality. Examples include the Philips Streamium -range of products that allowed for remote streaming of audio, the GoVideo D2730 Networked DVD player which integrated DVD playback with the capability to stream Rhapsody audio from a PC, and the Buffalo LinkTheater which combined a DVD player with a digital media player. More recently,
10664-448: The following audio, video, and picture formats (although with the Apple TV HD and later, apps may use alternative built-in software in order to play other codecs and formats, e.g. Emby , MrMC , VLC media player , Kodi and Plex ): Attempts to sync unsupported content to Apple TV will draw an error message from iTunes. The first- and second-generation Apple TV video output can be set to either 1080i or 1080p ; however, this resolution
10788-414: The fourth-generation model, Apple TV runs tvOS with multiple pre-installed apps . In November 2019, Apple released Apple TV+ and Apple TV app a la carte . Apple TV lacks integrated controls and can only be controlled remotely, through a Siri Remote , iPhone or iPad, Apple Remote , or third-party infrared remotes complying with the fourth generation Consumer Electronics Control standard. Before
10912-911: The home network for media. Television connection is usually done via; composite, SCART , Component, HDMI video, with Optical Audio (TOSLINK/SPDIF), and connect to the local network and broadband internet using either a wired Ethernet or a wireless Wi-Fi connection, and some also have built-in Bluetooth support for remotes and game-pads or joysticks. Some players come with USB ( USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 ) ports which allow local media content playback. The convergence of content, technology, and broadband access allows consumers to stream television shows and movies to their high-definition television in competition with pay television providers. The research company SNL Kagan expects 12 million households, roughly 10%, to go without cable, satellite or telco video service by 2015 using Over The Top services. This represents
11036-453: The home network using either a wireless ( IEEE 802.11a , b, g, and n) or wired Ethernet connection. Digital media players includes a user interface that allows users to navigate through their digital media library, search for, and play back media files. Some digital media players only handle music; some handle music and pictures; some handle music, pictures, and video; while others go further to allow internet browsing or controlling Live TV from
11160-415: The host, switching from self-powered to bus-powered operation may cause USB connections to be reset if connected devices previously requested more power than available in bus-powered mode. To allow high-speed (USB 2.0) devices to operate in their fastest mode, all hubs between the devices and the computer must be high-speed. High-speed devices should fall back to full-speed (USB 1.1) when plugged into
11284-505: The hub needs one unit for itself). If a device requires more units of current than the port it is plugged into is able to supply, the operating system usually reports this to the user. Dynamic-powered hubs are hubs which can work as bus-powered as well as self-powered hubs. They can automatically switch between modes depending on whether a separate power supply is available or not. While switching from bus-powered to self-powered operation does not necessarily require immediate renegotiations with
11408-708: The iTunes Store either on the Apple TV or in iTunes itself. The viewer can customize the captions in episodes or movies with styles and fonts that are more conducive to their hearing and/or visual impairment. Apple's Remote app on iOS devices allows control of the Apple TV from an iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch. Similar to Google's redesign of YouTube, Apple has restricted access to most viewed charts on movies and podcasts. They are replaced by "Top Movies", "Top Podcasts", and "Editor's Picks". Parental controls allow consumers to limit access to Internet media service content via "Restrictions" settings; individual services can be turned off (e.g., to reduce clutter), icons can be rearranged via
11532-401: The included Apple Remote to prevent interference from other remotes. Either kind of remote can control playback volume, but for music only. The Apple Wireless Keyboard is supported on the second-generation Apple TV and later using the built-in Bluetooth . The consumer has the ability to control media playback, navigate menus and input text and other information. Third-party keyboards that use
11656-403: The insertion to the host via this interrupt endpoint. When the host polls this interrupt endpoint, it learns that the new device is present. It then instructs the hub (via the default control pipe) to reset the port where the new device was plugged in. This reset makes the new device assume address 0, and the host can then interact with it directly; this interaction will result in the host assigning
11780-406: The interface by swiping or tapping and scrubbing to fast forward or rewind. Also, it has a menu and home button, a Siri button to invoke Siri, a Play/Pause button, and a Volume Up/Down button to control the volume on the TV. The Siri Remote communicates with the Apple TV via Bluetooth rather than infrared, removing the requirement of a line-of-sight with the device. This new remote is only supported by
11904-592: The internal hard drive in the first-generation model. It supports output up to 720p via HDMI and does not support standard definition televisions. In conjunction with its release, Apple renamed AirTunes to AirPlay , with support for streaming video from iPhones, iPads, and Macs to Apple TV. At a March 2012 Apple special event , Apple announced the third-generation Apple TV. Externally identical to its predecessor, it includes an A5 chip with one core deactivated and supports 1080p video output. It also allows remote access to HomeKit devices. Apple quietly released
12028-556: The keyboard and repeated again when it is entered. The Apple TV is designed to work with the Apple Wireless Keyboard or the Apple Magic Keyboard . Apple TV with and without tvOS supports closed captioning , so the deaf or hard of hearing can properly watch TV episodes and feature-length movies. Compatible episodes and movies are denoted with a CC (closed captioning) or SDH (Descriptive Audio) icon in
12152-453: The look of the home screen to make it resemble the icon grid seen on iOS. Instead of 7 columns, content and third-party channels are shown in a tiled grid format, which can be rearranged. Throughout the years, for Apple TV Software 5–6, Apple released minor revisions, content additions, and feature updates. The Apple TV Software 7.0 features a flat look similar to iOS 7 and OS X Yosemite and adds features such as Peer-To-Peer AirPlay. Version 8.0
12276-552: The market which announce themselves to the host as self-powered despite really being bus-powered. Equally, there are plenty of non-compliant devices that use more than 100 mA without announcing this fact. These hubs and devices do allow more flexibility in the use of power (in particular, many devices use far less than 100 mA and many USB ports can supply more than 500 mA before going into overload shut-off), but they are likely to make power problems harder to diagnose. Some self-powered hubs do not supply enough power to drive
12400-506: The month, Amazon UK banned the sale of "certain media players" that had been pre-loaded with software to illegally stream copyrighted content. On 26 April 2017, the European Court of Justice ruled that the distribution of set-top boxes with access to unauthorized streams of copyrighted works violated the exclusive rights to communicate them to the public. In September 2017, a British seller of such boxes pled guilty to violations of
12524-596: The new Apple TV app to the home screen. The Apple TV app brings compatibility to the Apple TV Channels service. This update also fixes some security flaws found in Apple TV Software 7.2.2 and earlier. On September 24, 2019, Apple TV Software 7.4 (iOS 8.4.3) was released to the public. On March 24, 2020, Apple TV Software 7.5 (iOS 8.4.4) was released to the public. The Apple TV HD and later run an operating system called tvOS which does not support
12648-556: The new touchpad-enabled Siri remote, a requirement later relaxed for games. The fourth-generation Apple TV started shipping in October 2015. Several unexpected problems, such as incompatibility with iTunes Remote app for iOS and watchOS , were fixed by Apple in tvOS 9.1 on December 8, 2015. On September 13, 2016, Apple released tvOS 10 , bringing an updated remote app, single-sign on, and light-on-dark color scheme . tvOS 10 also introduced HomeKit support and allows it to function as
12772-595: The permission of their respective copyright holders. These "fully-loaded" set-top boxes are often sold through online marketplaces such as Amazon.com and eBay , as well as local retailers. The spread of these players has been attributed to their low cost and ease of use, with user experiences similar to legal subscription services such as Netflix . "Fully-loaded" set-top boxes have been subject to legal controversies, especially noting that their user experiences made them accessible to end-users who may not always realize that they are actually streaming pirated content. In
12896-430: The playback of content from other sources, such as external media (including USB drives or memory cards ), or streamed from a computer or media server . Some digital media players may also support video games , though their complexity (which can range from casual games to ports of larger games) depends on operating system and hardware support, and besides those marketed as microconsoles , are not usually promoted as
13020-405: The ports can drive a 500 mA full load at once. For example, the packaging on a seven-port hub might claim to support a maximum of four full-load devices. Example how to calculate wattage consumption for a USB multiport hub with a USB PD port, and an HDMI port, connected to a smartphone and HDMI: A bus-powered hub draws all its power from the host computer's USB interface . It does not need
13144-486: The practice of using digital media players for pirated television content first became popular during the Qatar diplomatic crisis , after Qatari pay television network beIN Sports was banned from doing business in the country. The pirate subscription television service BeoutQ operated a satellite television service featuring repackaged versions of the beIN Sports channels, but its Android-based satellite boxes also included
13268-541: The same or on different computers. This is possible when Apple TV and every iTunes library from which you want to stream content meet all of the following conditions: (1) the Apple TV and the iTunes library you are streaming from are both on the same local network, (2) each uses the iTunes "Home Sharing" feature, and (3) each are using the same "Home Sharing" Apple ID. Apple TV HD and newer can also stream content locally using third-party apps such as Plex , Kodi , VLC media player , Emby and MrMC . Apple TV natively supports
13392-736: The segments. Many hubs can operate as either bus powered or self powered hubs. Power equals voltage times current. A USB port that draws 500 mA (0.5 A) at 5 volts is drawing 2.5 watts of power. In Bus-powered USB hubs, each USB port can supply power as well as transfer data. A self-powered hub takes its power from an external power supply unit and can therefore provide full power (up to 500 mA) to every port. Self-powered hubs are usually more expensive than unpowered USB hubs Self-powered hubs can power high-voltage devices such as speakers, printers, and scanners. Self-powered USB hubs are usually more bulky, and more expensive than bus-powered USB hubs. There are many non-compliant hubs on
13516-506: The storage restrictions of the device (as little as 32 GB) and the dual-use of the NAND Flash Memory to precache movies from Apple's content servers as well as storage for downloaded applications from the tvOS App Store. Apple's aim is to limit the size of application downloads and steering users toward downloading individual segments of apps in order to better manage storage space. Developers have reacted with criticism toward
13640-469: The tap-and-hold technique à la iOS. Internet media is split into four categories: "Internet Photos", " YouTube ", " Podcasts ", and "Purchase and Rental". Each of the categories is configured by a parental control of "Show", "Hide" or "Ask" to prompt for a 4-digit PIN. In addition, movies, TV shows, music and podcasts can be restricted by rating. Apple TV allows users on a computer running iTunes to sync or stream photos, music and videos. A user can connect
13764-629: The television itself. Some TV makers have, in turn, licensed operating system platforms from digital media players as middleware for their smart TVs—such as Android TV , Amazon Fire TV , and Roku —which typically provide a similar user experience to their standalone counterparts, but with TV-specific features and settings reflected in their user interface. In the 2010s, with the popularity of portable media players and digital cameras , as well as fast Internet download speeds and relatively cheap mass storage, many people came into possession of large collections of digital media files that cannot be played on
13888-413: The top of the screen for the different categories of content (Movies, TV Shows, Music, Podcasts, Photos, Internet, and Settings). This update also added features such as content filtering, iTunes Extras, new fonts, and a new Internet radio app. One new feature in particular was the 'Genius' playlist option allowing for easier and more user friendly playlist creating. The 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TVs run
14012-495: The tvOS App Store. The first, second, and third generations offered limited content which Apple had provisioned to work with Apple TV. These have now been discontinued in favor of the fourth generation Apple TV, with an OS based on iOS called tvOS which lets developers create their own apps with their own interface that run on Apple TV. These include multimedia, music apps, and games. Features of Apple TV include: Since tvOS and watchOS are based on iOS, they have inherited many of
14136-422: The uplink. However, the default design is that all lower-standard devices share the same transaction translator and thus create a bottleneck, a configuration known as the single transaction translator . Consequently, multi transaction translators (Multi-TT) were created, which provide more transaction translators such that bottlenecks are avoided. Note that due to the nature of USB 3.0 hubs have separate logic for
14260-787: The user to fit their own choice of hard drive (some can manage unlimited hard disk capacity and other only a certain capacity, i.e. 1TB, 2TB, 3TB, or 4TB), and the same model is sometimes sold with or without an internal hard drive already fitted. Digital media players can usually play H.264 (SD and HD ), MPEG-4 Part 2 (SD and HD), MPEG-1 , MPEG-2 .mpg , MPEG-2 . TS , VOB and ISO images video, with PCM , MP3 and AC3 audio tracks. They can also display images (such as JPEG and PNG ) and play music files (such as FLAC , MP3 and Ogg ). While most media players have traditionally been running proprietary or open source software frameworks versions based Linux as their operating systems, many newer network connected media players are based on
14384-436: The user where the content is available to watch. It can also do things such as Play/Pause, Rewind/Fast Forward, skip back 15 seconds and temporarily turn on captioning when asked "what did he say?" or "what did she say?", open a specific app, and more. The original Apple TV ran a modified build of Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger. Apple TV software 1.0 presented the user with an interface similar to that of Front Row . Like Front Row on
14508-544: Was awarded two patents covering this invention in 2006. Developed under the SimpleFi name by Motorola in late 2001, the design was based on a Cirrus Arm-7 processor and the wireless HomeRF networking standard which pre-dated 802.11b in the residential markets. Other early market entrants in 2001 included the Turtle Beach AudioTron , Rio Receiver and SliMP3 digital media players. An early version of
14632-455: Was discontinued in October 2016. In December 2017, Apple added support for Amazon Prime Video . The Apple TV app , bundled with Apple TV Software 7.3, was released in May 2019. On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the fourth-generation Apple TV at an Apple special event . The fourth-generation model uses a new operating system, tvOS , with an app store , allowing downloads of third-party apps for video, audio, games and other content. It uses
14756-414: Was discontinued. tvOS 17 added FaceTime and support for Continuity Camera with a paired iPhone or iPad. The model also comes with a thicker, redesigned Siri Remote with a circular touchpad with navigational buttons, as well as power and mute buttons. The remote does not include an accelerometer and gyroscope, which were present in the previous Siri Remote, making it incompatible with some games. The remote
14880-674: Was overturned in October 2018 after Roku took additional steps to remove channels with unauthorized content from the platform. In May 2018, the Federal Communications Commission sent letters to the CEOs of Amazon.com and eBay , asking for their help in removing such devices from their marketplaces. The letter cited malware risks, fraudulent use of FCC certification marks, and how their distribution through major online marketplaces may incorrectly suggest that they are legal and legitimate products. In Saudi Arabia,
15004-566: Was renamed "Apple TV" before launch due to a trademark dispute with British broadcasting network ITV , which threatened legal action against Apple. Pre-orders began in January 2007 and it was released in March 2007. It is based on a Pentium M processor and ran a variant of Mac OS X Tiger , and included a 40 GB hard disk for storing content. It supported output up to 720p on HDTVs via HDMI , and supported some standard definition televisions via component video . At launch, Apple TV required
15128-452: Was skipped. Apple TV Software 7.2.2 (iOS 8) is currently available for the Apple TV (3rd generation), as of March 2019. It does not support tvOS 9.0 or later. However, it does support Amazon Video , which was automatically added to those Apple TVs running 7.2.2 on December 6, 2017. In May 2019 Apple TV Software 7.3 (iOS 8.4.2) was released to the public. This update was the first update for the 3rd generation Apple TV since 2016. This update adds
15252-454: Was stored on the device's hard drive, Internet connectivity was no longer needed to view content. This is not the case with the later models, which do not have a hard drive for storing media. The first-generation Apple TV had component video and RCA connector audio ports, both removed in the 2nd generation. The device does not have RCA/composite video or F/RF connectors, but can be tricked into outputting color via composite. Starting with
15376-483: Was willing to enforce its trademarks against those who use them to promote Kodi-based products which facilitate copyright infringement. Following a lawsuit by Dish Network against TVAddons, a website that offered streaming add-ons that were often used with Kodi and on such devices, in June 2017, the group shut down its add-ons and website. A technology analyst speculated that the service could eventually re-appear under
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