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59-460: This page is about "Arc" as a word. For initialisms, see ARC (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] Look up arc , arc- , or arcs in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Arc may refer to: Mathematics [ edit ] Arc (geometry) , a segment of a differentiable curve Circular arc , a segment of a circle Arc (topology) ,

118-442: A negative temperature coefficient like other gas discharge lamps. They are operated at low-voltage, high-current, DC and started by field emission with a high voltage pulse of 20 to 50kV. As an example, a 450 W lamp operates normally at 18 V and 25 A once started. They are also inherently unstable, prone to phenomena such as plasma oscillation and thermal runaway . Because of these characteristics, xenon short-arc lamps require

177-441: A shortwave UV blocking coating on the envelope and are sold as "ozone free" lamps. These "ozone free" lamps are used commonly in indoor applications, where proper ventilation is not easily accessible. Some lamps have envelopes made out of ultra-pure synthetic fused silica (such as "Suprasidh"), which roughly doubles the cost, but which allows them to emit useful light into the vacuum UV region . These lamps are normally operated in

236-917: A variant of clone trooper in the Star Wars franchise Anti-reflective coating American River College , Sacramento County, California, US Academy of Richmond County , Augusta, Georgia, US Access to the Region's Core , cancelled commuter rail project, New York, US Anaheim Rapid Connection , a proposed streetcar line Activity relationship chart , of closeness between activities A US Navy hull classification symbol: Cable repair ship (ARC) Army Reconnaissance Course , US Army Armor School, Fort Knox, Kentucky ARC (Callsign) , Colombian Navy abbreviation and ship prefix ARC triangle , Affinity, Reality and Communication, in Scientology Attack Retrieve Capture ,

295-514: A 2016 EP by Agoraphobic Nosebleed "Arc", a song by Pearl Jam from Riot Act Video games [ edit ] Arc System Works , a video game developer Luminous Arc , a video game series The title character of Arc the Lad , a series of role-playing video games for the PlayStation and PlayStation 2 Armored Response Coalition, a fictional military/resistance organization seen in

354-676: A 2024 Japanese television series produced by Tsubuyara Productions and TV Tokyo Codes [ edit ] Arcata Transit Center , Amtrak code for the station in Arcata, California IATA airport code of Arctic Village Airport , a public use airport in Alaska ISO 639-3 language code of the Official Aramaic language , spoken between 700 BCE and 300 BCE Companies and organizations [ edit ] Arc Infrastructure , an Australian railway company Arc International ,

413-468: A Cookeville, Tennessee non-profit that employs the severely disabled ARC International, a computer processor designer, and a subsidiary of Synopsys ARC Resources , a Canadian oil and natural gas company Arena Racing Company , a British racecourse owning group Computing [ edit ] Adaptive replacement cache , a cache management algorithm Advanced Resource Connector , middleware for computational grids Advanced RISC Computing ,

472-506: A Dutch football club Athletics–Recreation Center , a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of Valparaiso University in Valparaiso, Indiana Atlanta Rowing Club , Roswell, Georgia Atlantic Rally for Cruisers , a transatlantic sailing competition Australian Rally Championship Australian Rugby Championship (August–October 2007), rugby union Other uses [ edit ] Advanced Recon Commandos (ARC troopers),

531-560: A French manufacturer and distributor of household goods Arc Publications , a UK independent publisher of poetry Arc @ UNSW , the principal student organisation at the University of New South Wales Arc of the United States , a charitable organization serving people with intellectual and developmental disabilities Arc Holdings , a French manufacturer of household goods Places [ edit ] Arc (Provence) ,

590-942: A Russian periodical Aviation Research Centre , a part of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) of the Cabinet Secretariat, India Sports [ edit ] Adelaide Rowing Club , in Adelaide, South Australia African Rally Championship , international automobile rally Anteater Recreation Center , an indoor gym at the University of California, Irvine American Rivers Conference , an NCAA Division III athletic conference operating mainly in Iowa with one member in Nebraska Americas Rugby Championship SV ARC (Alphense Racing Club), Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands,

649-654: A United States record label also known as American Record Company ARC (American Recording Company) (1978-present), a vanity label for Earth, Wind & Fire ARC Document Solutions , a company based in California, formerly American Reprographics Company Amey Roadstone Construction , a former British construction company Aqaba Railway Corporation , a freight railway in Jordan ARC/Architectural Resources Cambridge, Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts ARC Diversified ,

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708-621: A book, for reviewers, librarians, and booksellers A.R.C. (album) , a 1971 album by Chick Corea, Dave Holland, and Barry Altschul ARC Europe , association of motoring clubs ARChive of Contemporary Music , a music repository in New York City, US ARC Magazine (Art. Recognition. Culture.), Caribbean Art Renewal Center , online realist art museum Canadian artist-run centres Government and politics [ edit ] Administrative Reforms Commission , an Indian Government commission Administrative Reform Council ,

767-499: A cellphone Audio Return Channel , an audio technology working over HDMI Authenticated Received Chain , an email authentication system Arc lamp , a lamp that produces light by an electric arc Xenon arc lamp , a highly specialized type of gas discharge lamp Deuterium arc lamp , a low-pressure gas-discharge light source Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp , the trademark name of Osram's brand of metal-halide gas discharge medium arc-length lamp Electric arc furnace ,

826-431: A ceramic body and an integral reflector. They are available in many output power ratings with either UV-transmitting or blocking windows. The reflector options are parabolic (for collimated light) or elliptical (for focused light). They are used in a wide variety of applications, such as video projectors, fiber optic illuminators, endoscope and headlamp lighting, dental lighting, and search lights. Xenon short-arc lamps have

885-616: A computer game arc, the ISO 639-2 code for the Aramaic language Aramaic Misplaced Pages , which uses "arc" as its url prefix Alarm monitoring center , also known as alarm receiving center (ARC) ARC West Michigan, an independent digital subchannel of WWMT in Kalamazoo, Michigan See also [ edit ] Arch (disambiguation) ARCS (disambiguation) Ark (disambiguation) ARQ (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

944-575: A concept from geometric topology Science and technology [ edit ] Geology [ edit ] Arc, in geology a mountain chain configured as an arc due to a common orogeny along a plate margin or the effect of back-arc extension Hellenic arc , the arc of islands positioned over the Hellenic Trench in the Aegean Sea off Greece Back-arc basin , a subsided region caused by back-arc extension Back-arc region ,

1003-500: A continental mountain chain or parallel alignment of chains (as opposed to island arcs), configured in an arc Eastern Arc Mountains , a continental arc of Africa Volcanic arc , a chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc shape as seen from above Aleutian Arc , a large volcanic arc in the U.S. state of Alaska Nastapoka arc , a circular coastline in Hudson Bay Technology [ edit ] arc ,

1062-421: A feature of HDMI 1.4 Authenticated Received Chain , an email authentication system Automatic Reference Counting , an Objective-C and Swift memory management feature Intel Arc , a brand of graphics processing units designed by Intel Arc (web browser) , a chromium based web browser "reimagination" released in 2022 with a focus on modern design Culture [ edit ] Advance reading copy of

1121-463: A furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc Arc welding , a welding process that is used to join metal to metal Arc-fault circuit interrupter , a specialized circuit breaker Arc converter , a spark transmitter Intel Arc , brand of graphics processing units designed by Intel Arc, one side (half) of an arch Other science [ edit ] Electric arc , an ongoing plasma discharge (an electric current through

1180-647: A gas), producing light and heat Arc flash , the light and heat produced as part of an arc fault Arc (protein) , a name of product of an immediate early gene, also called Arg3.1 Reflex arc , a neural pathway that controls a reflex Circumhorizontal arc , an optical phenomenon Circumzenithal arc , an optical phenomenon Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Music [ edit ] A.R.C. (album) , by pianist Chick Corea with bassist David Holland and drummer Barry Altschul recorded in 1971 Arc (Neil Young & Crazy Horse album) , 1991 Arc (Everything Everything album) , 2013 Arc (EP) ,

1239-607: A learning disability Arc of the United States Arthritis Research Campaign , UK Australian Red Cross Autism Resource Centre (Singapore) , a Singapore-based non-profit organisation Society for the Arts, Religion and Contemporary Culture , US Research and science [ edit ] Agricultural Research Council , a former British organisation that funded agricultural research Agulhas Return Current , an ocean current in

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1298-566: A major avionics manufacturer from the 1920s to the '50s Airlines Reporting Corporation , an airline-owned company that provides ticket distribution, reporting, and settlement services Airport Regions Conference , a European organization of major airports Alignment Research Center , an AI alignment research organization Amalgamated Roadstone Corporation , a British stone quarrying company American Record Company (1904–1908, re-activated 1979), one of two United States record labels by this name American Record Corporation (1929–1938),

1357-405: A peculiar discharge regime where the plasma was thermalized, that is, the electrons were not significantly hotter than the gas itself. Under these conditions a positive current-voltage curve was demonstrated. This allowed the larger common sizes such as 5 and 10 kW to operate directly from mains AC at 110 and 220 volts respectively without a ballast – only a series igniter was necessary to start

1416-439: A proper power supply that operates without flickering in the flame, which could ultimately damage the electrodes. These are structurally similar to short-arc lamps except that the distance between the electrodes in glass tube is greatly elongated. When mounted within an elliptical reflector, these lamps are frequently used to simulate sunlight in brief flashes, often for photography. Typical uses include solar cell testing (with

1475-545: A pure nitrogen atmosphere. All modern xenon short-arc lamps use a fused quartz envelope with thoriated tungsten electrodes. Fused quartz is the only economically feasible material currently available that can withstand the high pressure (25 atmospheres for an IMAX bulb) and high temperature present in an operating lamp, while still being optically clear. The thorium dopant in the electrodes greatly enhances their electron emission characteristics. Because tungsten and quartz have different coefficients of thermal expansion ,

1534-443: A reactor design from MIT ARC (protein) (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein) Archaeological Review from Cambridge , a UK journal Archival Research Catalog, National Archives and Records Administration catalog Arcuate nucleus (hypothalamus) , an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus Arthritis Research Campaign , a British medical research charity Astrophysical Research Consortium ,

1593-1129: A regional planning and intergovernmental coordination agency Auckland Regional Council , a former New Zealand local government entity Australian Research Council , a government agency for allocating research funding Autonomous Republic of Crimea , an internationally recognized autonomous republic in Ukraine Aviation Royale Canadienne , the French-language name for the Royal Canadian Air Force Humanitarian, activist and religious organizations [ edit ] Abortion Rights Campaign , Ireland African Rainforest Conservancy Alliance for Responsible Citizenship Alliance of Reformed Churches Alliance of Religions and Conservation , UK American Red Cross American Refugee Committee Anti-Recidivism Coalition , Los Angeles, US ARC Association for Real Change , of UK providers of services to people with

1652-427: A result, the anode in a xenon short-arc lamp either has to be much larger than the cathode or be water-cooled, to dissipate the heat. The output of a pure xenon short-arc lamp offers fairly continuous spectral power distribution with a color temperature of about 6200K and color rendering index close to 100. However, even in a high pressure lamp there are some very strong emission lines in the near infrared, roughly in

1711-1093: A river of southern France, flowing into the Étang de Berre Arc (Savoie) , a river of eastern France, tributary of the Isère river Arc, short for "Arcade"; a Street suffix as used in the US Other uses [ edit ] Arc (Bahá'í) , a number of administrative buildings for the Bahá'í Faith, located on Mount Carmel in Israel Arc (greyhounds) , a major greyhound race in the Greyhound Board of Great Britain calendar See also [ edit ] Joan of Arc (c. 1412–1431), national heroine of France and Catholic saint ARC (disambiguation) Arcs (disambiguation) Arc Angel (disambiguation) Arc reactor (disambiguation) Arch (disambiguation) Arch of Triumph (disambiguation) Ark (disambiguation) ARQ (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

1770-421: A segment of a path Arc length , the distance between two points along a section of a curve Arc (projective geometry) , a particular type of set of points of a projective plane arc (function prefix) (arcus), a prefix for inverse trigonometric functions Directed arc, a directed edge in graph theory Minute and second of arc , a unit of angular measurement equal to 1/60 of one degree. Wild arc ,

1829-421: A small amount of mercury metal. In a pure xenon lamp, the majority of the light is generated within a tiny, pinpoint-sized cloud of plasma situated where the electron stream leaves the face of the cathode. The light generation volume is cone-shaped, and the luminous intensity falls off exponentially moving from cathode to anode. Electrons passing through the plasma cloud strike the anode, causing it to heat. As

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1888-440: A specification Google App Runtime for Chrome , a compatibility layer and sandboxing technology to run Android applications on Chromebook computers ARC (file format) , a lossless data compression and archival file format Automatic Relay Computer , an early electromechanical computer ARC (processor) , a family of embedded microprocessors ARC Macro Language , a high-level algorithmic language Audio Return Channel ,

1947-474: A third "trigger" electrode usually surrounds the exterior of the arc tube. The lifetime of a xenon arc lamp varies according to its design and power consumption, with a major manufacturer quoting average lifetimes ranging from 500 hours (7 kW) to 1,500 (1 kW). Interest in the xenon discharge was first aroused by P. Schulz in 1944, following his discovery of its near-continuous spectrum and high colour rendering white light. Owing to wartime limitations on

2006-529: A truly diffraction-limited spot. Larger lamps are employed in searchlights where narrow beams of light are generated, or in film production lighting where daylight simulation is required. All xenon short-arc lamps generate substantial ultraviolet radiation . Xenon has strong spectral lines in the UV bands, and these readily pass through the fused quartz lamp envelope unlike the borosilicate glass used in standard lamps; fused quartz readily passes UV radiation unless it

2065-409: Is accelerated towards the anode and stabilised by the electrode shapes plus intrinsic magnetic compression generated by the current flow, and convection effects controlled by the bulb shape. Following these developments, the first successful public projection using xenon light was performed on 30 October 1950, when excerpts from a colour film ( Schwarzwaldmädel ) were shown during the 216th session of

2124-459: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages ARC (disambiguation) (Redirected from ARC (disambiguation) ) This page is about ARC as an initialism. For the word, see Arc (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] Look up ARC in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ARC may refer to: Business [ edit ] Aircraft Radio Corporation ,

2183-409: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Xenon arc lamp Xenon arc lamps can be roughly divided into three categories: Each consists of a fused quartz or other heat resistant glass arc tube, with a tungsten metal electrode at each end. The glass tube is first evacuated and then re-filled with xenon gas. For xenon flashtubes,

2242-423: Is specially doped . The UV radiation released by a short-arc lamp can cause a secondary problem of ozone generation. The UV radiation strikes oxygen molecules in the air surrounding the lamp, causing them to ionize. Some of the ionized molecules then recombine as O 3 , ozone. Equipment that uses short-arc lamps as the light source must contain UV radiation shielding and prevent ozone build-up. Many lamps have

2301-534: Is starting to establish a market presence  and has been predicted to supersede the xenon arc lamp for this application. The very small size of the arc makes it possible to focus the light from the lamp with moderate precision. For this reason, xenon arc lamps of smaller sizes, down to 10 watts, are used in optics and in precision illumination for microscopes and other instruments, although in modern times they are being displaced by single mode laser diodes and white light supercontinuum lasers which can produce

2360-432: The 2020 video game Doom Eternal Other arts and entertainment [ edit ] Tilted Arc , a controversial public art installation by Richard Serra Arc Poetry Magazine , a Canadian literary journal Character arc , the status of a character as it unfolds throughout the story Story arc , an extended or continuing storyline Arcs , one of the twelve basic principles of animation Ultraman Arc ,

2419-555: The German Cinematographic Society in Berlin. The technology was commercially introduced by German Osram in 1952. First produced in the 2 kW size (XBO2001), and the 1 kW (XBO1001) these lamps saw wide use in movie projection , where they replaced the older, more labor-intensive (to operate) carbon arc lamps . The white continuous light generated by the xenon arc is spectrally similar to daylight, but

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2478-597: The Indian Ocean AIDS-related complex , a condition in which antibody tests are positive for HIV Alberta Research Council , government funded applied R&D corporation Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis , inflammation of the conjunctiva and nose due to allergy American Rocketry Challenge , an American model rocketry competition for high school students Ames Research Center , a NASA facility located at Moffett Federal Airfield, California ARC fusion reactor , Affordable, Robust Compact reactor,

2537-461: The arc. The lamps produced around 30 lumens/watt, which is about double the efficiency of the tungsten incandescent lamp, but less than more modern sources such as metal halide. They had the advantage of no mercury content, convective air cooling, no high pressure rupture risk, and nearly perfect color rendition. Due to low efficiency and competition from more common lamp types, few installations remain today, but where they do, they can be recognized by

2596-666: The availability of this noble gas, significant progress was not made until John Aldington of the British Siemens lamp company published his research in 1949. This triggered intensive efforts at the German Osram company to further develop the technology as a replacement for carbon arcs in cinema projection. The xenon lamp promised tremendous advantages of a more stable arc with less flicker, and its non-consumable electrodes allowed longer films to be shown without interruptions. Osram's primary contribution to this achievement

2655-435: The command-line interface for ArcInfo ARC (file format) , a file name extension for archive files ARC (processor) , 32-bit RISC architecture ARC (adaptive replacement cache) , a page replacement algorithm for high-performance filesystems Arc (programming language) , a Lisp dialect designed by Paul Graham Arc (web browser) , a freeware web browser developed by The Browser Company Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc ,

2714-548: The envelope fragments should breakage occur. Normally, the shield is removed once the lamp is installed in the lamp housing. When the lamp reaches the end of its useful life, the protective shield is put back on the lamp, and the spent lamp is then removed from the equipment and discarded. As lamps age, the risk of failure increases, so bulbs being replaced are at the greatest risk of explosion. Xenon short-arc lamps come in two distinct varieties: pure xenon, which contains only xenon gas; and xenon-mercury, which contains xenon gas and

2773-399: The lamp has a rather low efficacy in terms of lumens of visible light output per watt of input power. Today, almost all movie projectors in theaters employ these lamps, with power ratings ranging from 900 watts up to 12 kW. Omnimax (Imax Dome) projection systems use single xenon lamps with ratings as high as 15 kW. As of 2016, laser illumination for digital theater projectors

2832-551: The light produced radiates from a pinpoint-sized cloud of plasma near the face of the cathode. However, the plasma cloud in a xenon-mercury lamp is often smaller than that of a pure xenon lamp of equivalent size, due to the electron stream losing its energy more rapidly to the heavier mercury atoms. Xenon-mercury short-arc lamps have a bluish-white spectrum and extremely high UV output. These lamps are used primarily for UV curing applications, sterilizing objects, and generating ozone . Xenon short-arc lamps also are manufactured with

2891-496: The military regime that governed Thailand following the 2006 coup d'état Agence du revenu du Canada , the French-language name for the Canada Revenue Agency Alien registration card (Japan) , for foreign residents of Japan Alien Resident Certificate , for foreign residents of Taiwan Appalachian Regional Commission , a United States federal-state partnership Atlanta Regional Commission ,

2950-686: The organization that operates the Apache Point Observatory Augmentation Research Center , a center founded by electrical engineer Douglas Engelbart Augmented renal clearance , a pharmacokinetic consideration in critically ill persons Australian Research Council , the Australian Government's main research funding body for tertiary institutions Auto Research Center , a specialized aerodynamics and automotive research and consulting company Automation and Remote Control ,

3009-505: The region created by back-arc extension, containing all the basins, faults, and volcanoes generated by the extension Island arc , an arc-shaped archipelago, usually so configured for geologic causes, such as sea-floor spreading, common orogeny on the margin of the same plate, or back-arc extension Northeastern Japan Arc , an island arc Banda Arc , a set of island arcs in Indonesia Continental arc , in geology

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3068-402: The region from 850 to 900 nm. This spectral region can contain about 10% of the total emitted light. Light intensity ranges from 20,000 to 500,000 cd/cm . An example is the "XBO lamp", which is an OSRAM trade name for a pure xenon short-arc lamp. For some applications, such as endoscopy and dental technology, light guide systems are included. As in a pure xenon lamp, the majority of

3127-449: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ARC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARC&oldid=1251843045 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing French-language text Short description

3186-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Arc . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arc&oldid=1256138909 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3245-474: The tungsten electrodes are welded to strips of pure molybdenum metal or Invar alloy, which are then melted into the quartz to form the envelope seal. Because of the very high power levels involved, large lamps are water-cooled. In those used in IMAX projectors, the electrode bodies are made from solid Invar and tipped with thoriated tungsten. An O-ring seals the tube, so that the naked electrodes do not contact

3304-561: The use of optical filters), solar simulation for age testing of materials, rapid thermal processing, material inspection and sintering. Though not commonly known outside of Russia and the former Soviet satellite countries, long arc xenon lamps were used for general illumination of large areas such as rail stations, sports arenas, mining operations, and nuclear power plant high bay spaces. These lamps, Лампа ксеноновая ДКСТ , literally "lamp xenon DKST" were characterized by high wattages ranging from 2 kW to 100 kW. The lamps operated in

3363-428: The water. To achieve maximum efficiency, the xenon gas inside short-arc lamps is maintained at an extremely high pressure — up to 30 atmospheres (440 psi / 3040 kPa) — which poses safety concerns. If a lamp is dropped or ruptures while in service, pieces of the lamp envelope can be thrown at high speed. To mitigate this, large xenon short-arc lamps are normally shipped in protective shields, which will contain

3422-405: The water. In low power applications the electrodes are too cold for efficient electron emission and are not cooled. In high power applications an additional water cooling circuit for each electrode is necessary. To reduce cost, the water circuits are often not separated and the water needs to be deionized to make it electrically non-conductive, which lets the quartz or some laser media dissolve into

3481-466: Was its thorough research of xenon discharge physics, which directed its developments towards very short arcs for DC operation with a particular electrode and bulb geometry. The cathode is kept small to reach high temperatures for thermionic emission, the anode being larger to dissipate the heat generated as incoming electrons are decelerated. Most light is generated immediately in front of the cathode tip, where arc temperatures reach 10,000 °C. The plasma

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