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52-625: The forum originated from a meeting held on 7 March 2000 in Kaduna at the initiative of the Sultan of Sokoto, Alhaji Muhammadu Maccido . The purpose was to establish unity of Northern leaders, working through elected officials to achieve progress in the Arewa area within the democratic framework. In September 2000, former head of state General Yakubu Gowon agreed to act as chairman of the Board of Patrons of

104-726: A few are private. The following is a list of radio stations in Kaduna: Kaduna State is populated by about 59 to 63 different ethnic groups, if not more, with the exactitude of the number requiring further verification through fieldwork. The question as in the last paragraph with the Hausa and Fulani as the dominant ethnic groups followed by at least 60 others. These groups include: The main religions in Kaduna State are Islam and Christianity while some minority ethnic groups practice traditional worshipping, mostly in

156-476: A football club called Kaduna United F.C. The club participated in playing Nigerian Professional Football League but are under relegation. The state also hosts the Kaduna Marathon. In Kaduna State an annual festival is organized by Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Kaduna State). The festival exposes folklore talent and through these process, to promote unity and encourage tourism and build culture in

208-628: A forum dominated by northerners. In August 2001, the forum recommended that former Heads of State, Generals Muhammadu Buhari , Ibrahim Babangida and Abdulsalami Abubakar defend themselves against allegations made against them at the Human Rights Investigations Commission, sitting in Abuja , and said the ACF was conducting an independent investigation. In December 2003, the new ACF chairman, Chief Sunday Awoniyi , said

260-566: A founding member, quit the ACF due to the forum's statement. Tanko Yakassai has since returned to the ACF as a member of its board of trustees. In March 2010, the ACF rejected a statement by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi who had recommended a break-up of Nigeria along religious lines, saying he was ignorant of the diverse religious make-up of the country. The ACF condemned the recent killings in Plateau State , which had triggered Gaddafi's remarks, describing them as "senseless". That month

312-503: A further 140 students were kidnapped from Bethel Baptist High School. Attacks have continued into 2022, 2023, and 2024. The state is located in the Northern part of Nigeria's high plains. The vegetation cover is Sudan Savannah type, characterized by scattered short trees, shrubs and grasses. The soil is mostly loamy to sandy. A substantial amount of clay is found also. Its northern half became Katsina state in 1987. The state

364-490: A lot of ethnic groups, which lead to the variation of culture and architectural style , this include the city wall of Zaria. The walls constructed during the reigns of Queen Amina of Zazzau protected the city and they are between 14 and 16 km long, and are closed by eight gates, Also the Emir's Palace of Zaria is an important traditional heritage. The palace has luxurious interiors. The St. Bartholomew's Church Zaria, built by

416-704: A tropical climate. The summers have a lot more rain than the winters do. The predominant climate in this area is categorised as Aw by the Köppen-Geiger scale. Kaduna's yearly mean temperature is 25.2 °C, or 77.4 °F. A total of 39.3 inches or 998 mm of precipitation falls per year. [REDACTED] Media related to Kaduna at Wikimedia Commons 10°31′N 7°26′E  /  10.517°N 7.433°E  / 10.517; 7.433 Kaduna State Kaduna State ( Hausa : Jihar Kaduna , جىِهَر كَدُنا; مدينة كدونا; Fula : Leydi Kaduna , 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢 ; Tyap : Si̱tet Ka̱duna )

468-435: A typical tropical continental climate with distinct seasonal regimes, oscillating between cool to hot dry and humid to wel. These two seasons reflect the influ- ences of tropical continental and equatorial mar itime airmasses which sweep over the entire country. However, in Kaduna State, the seasonality is pronounced with the cool to hot dry season being longer than the rainy season. Again, the spatial and temporal distribution of

520-420: Is a state in the northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria . The state capital is its namesake, the city of Kaduna , which was the 8th largest city in the country as of 2006. Created in 1967 as North-Central State , which also encompassed the modern Katsina State , Kaduna State achieved its current borders in 1987. Kaduna State is the fourth largest and third most populous state in the country, Kaduna State

572-582: Is a major industrial center in Northern Nigeria, manufacturing products like textiles , machinery , steel , aluminum , petroleum products and bearings . However, the textile industry has been in decline due to recent Chinese imports and factory closures caused by years of neglect during the military dictatorship in Nigeria . Other light manufactures include: plastics , pharmaceuticals , leather goods, furniture, and televisions. Agriculture

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624-663: Is also a major industry in Kaduna, and as such, the Bank of Agriculture has its headquarters in the city. Some main agricultural exports include: cotton, peanuts, sorghum, and ginger. Kaduna also has a branch of the Nigerian Stock Exchange . Automobile manufacturing also remains an important part of Kaduna's economy. Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria has an assembly plant in Kaduna. Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), one of Nigeria's four main oil refineries

676-581: Is also located within the Kaduna CBD . Other sports facilities include the Ahmadu Bello Stadium and Ranchers Bees Stadium . The city boasts of several tourist attractions some of which are: The infrastructure network in the city was upgraded by the administration of Governor Nasir el-Rufai with an underpass, flyover structures and streetlight facilities. Kaduna has an inland dry port. The Nigerian military has several installations in

728-399: Is bordered by seven states: Zamfara for 117 km (73 miles) and Katsina for 161 km (100 miles) to the north, Kano to the north-east for 255 km, Bauchi and Plateau to the east, Nasarawa and Abuja Federal Capital Territory (for 45 km) to the south, and Niger to the west. The Kaduna state is located between latitude 10°38'58" N and 10°25'36" N and to longitude 7°22'14" E and 7°32'00" E. The state

780-561: Is located in Kaduna. It is supplied by a pipeline from the Niger Delta oil fields. A 2009 World Bank survey states that Kaduna is one of the top six cities with the highest unemployment . 20% of the population was estimated to be unemployed. There is a large racecourse named Murtala Mohammed Square , approximately 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) in perimeter, inside which is found the Kaduna Polo Club . Kaduna Golf Club

832-527: Is nicknamed the Centre of Learning , owing to the presence of numerous educational institutions of importance within the state such as Ahmadu Bello University . Modern Kaduna State is home to the sites of some of Africa's oldest civilizations, including the Nok civilization that prospered from c.   1500 BC to c.   500 AD . In the 9th century, geographer and historian Ya'qubi documented

884-479: Is now the state capital of about 6.3 million people (Nigerian census figure, 2006). In 1967, the old Northern Region was divided into six states in the north, leaving Kaduna as the capital of North-Central State, whose name was changed to Kaduna State in 1976. Meanwhile, Kaduna State was further divided in 1987, creating Katsina State . Under the governance of Kaduna are the ancient cities of Zaria , Kafanchan , and Nok . The most intriguing aspect of this area

936-437: Is that the colonial construction and its post-colonial successor called 'Nigeria' hardly documented the history or the method of how Kaduna State's people groups encompassed in these constructs define and identify themselves. As such, the people groups who populate the area have lived in near oblivion or obscurity as they are often thought of as Hausa people . In 2019 Kaduna State celebrated its 100th anniversary, making it one of

988-474: The Kaduna River . It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria , with its rail and important road network. The population of Kaduna was put at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, and as at 2023, the city has an estimated population of 1.1 million people. The etymology of

1040-632: The Lagos-Kano Railway . It became the capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region in 1917, and retained this status until 1967. The city is still influential as the headquarters of various political, military and cultural organizations, especially in Northern Nigeria. In 1976, when the General Murtala Mohammed administration created seven new states in Nigeria, North Central State, with capital at Kaduna,

1092-603: The Rigasa Railway Station in Kaduna. Kaduna is an important junction on Nigeria's Cape gauge railway network . At Kaduna, a branch line connects the Lagos –Nguru Railway to the Port Harcourt –Maiduguri railway. Kaduna is popularly known as the centre of learning, as evident from the numerous educational institutions located in the state. Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna city include: Administration of

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1144-778: The 1435 mm Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge Line is complete from Abuja via Minna in Niger State to Rigasa Station in Kaduna (2016), replacing part of the 1067 mm Cape gauge Western Line which continues north via Kano to Nguru. Kaduna is also connected by the Linking Line to Kafanchan with the Cape Gauge Eastern Line north from Lafia in Nasarawa State to Jos in Plateau State. Airports: Kaduna International Airport (1982). Architecture includes

1196-611: The ACF announced that it was forming three teams to visit the 19 states of the North and Abuja, to be led by All People's Party (APP) leader Olusola Saraki , ACF Chairman M.D. Yusufu and Lt. Gen Jeremiah Useni . The goal was to meet and discuss common goals with state governors and other leaders. The group met a cool reception in Jos , Plateau State from members of the Middle Belt Forum , who felt that they would be marginalized in

1248-707: The ACF called on the President, then hospitalized in Saudi Arabia , to formally release a letter that would authorize the Vice President to temporarily assume the powers of the president in his absence. In January 2010, a former secretary of the ACF and a retired colonel, Umaru Ali, asked the ailing president to resign so that his deputy could take over. In February 2010, the ACF said unequivocally that Yar'Adua should transfer power to Jonathan. Tanko Yakasai , former Liaison Officer to President Shehu Shagari and

1300-434: The ACF formed a Political Committee headed by former Minister of State for Power and Steel, Mohammed Ahmed Gusau. The committee's goal was to set the ACF agenda ahead of the 2011 elections. In December 2023, the ACF announced Mamman Osuman as its new chairman. Kaduna Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State , and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria . It is located in north-western Nigeria , on

1352-739: The Church Missionary Society in 1929, still stands in Zaria, the church was built based on Hausa traditional architecture. Modern architecture is present in the state as a result of civilization and development. Most of these architectural buildings were built by the federal or state government, while the residential ones are mostly built by individuals; these buildings include Ahmadu Bello Stadium , Ten storey building, Investment house, federal secretary, Ranchers Bees Stadium , and Murtala square. Kaduna State has over 1,000 primary healthcare facilities to cater to every resident, even in

1404-593: The National Museum which was built in 1975 with archaeological and ethnographic exhibitions, the Kajuru Castle , Lugard Hall, Zaria walls and gates and Nok settlements. In the state there are many architectural buildings like Ahmadu Bello Stadium , Murtala Square , Investment house, Kaduna central market , and Sultan Bello Mosque . The palace of empire of Zazzau is one of the oldest traditional buildings in Kaduna state. In Kaduna State there are

1456-837: The State. It takes place every November or December. Cultural activities include Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha performed by the Muslims in the state; the Tuk Ham; the Afan National Festival ; the Christmas and Easter celebrations, by Christians, and the Kallan-Kowa celebrations. Kaduna has a museum and a park, the Kofar Gamji park and Zoo. Lord Lugard's Residence, is also a tourist attraction and it currently houses

1508-465: The area became 'Northern Nigerians'- a construct which continues even today. By 1967 these people groups were again carved into 'North Central State'; this was the case until 1975 when 'Kaduna State' was formerly created by the then military leader, Gen. Murtala Mohammed , with all distinct identities amalgamated into one state without a referendum. The state hence is the successor of the old Northern Region of Nigeria, which had its capital at Kaduna which

1560-475: The city including the Nigerian Defence Academy . The city is served by Kaduna International Airport . The airport commenced operations in 1982. The Nigerian Air Force maintains a presence in the city. Kaduna is also on the route of the planned Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway , which has been completed between the national capital of Abuja and Kaduna. Trains for Abuja depart from

1612-514: The etymology of the name is a narrative linked to the Gbagyi word/name 'Odna' for the Kaduna River. Zazzau , a traditional state which lies within the province's capital, is said to have been founded in 1536. It would later be renamed to Zaria after the younger sister of Queen Amina . The Hausa people of Zaria are said to be the old ancestral of the region. It is indicative that

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1664-531: The existence of the Hausa Kingdoms , which existed until the region was incorporated into the Sokoto Caliphate in the early 1800s. During the colonial era, the city of Kaduna was made the capital of Northern Nigeria Protectorate by British leadership. The state economy is dependent on agriculture , especially cotton and groundnut production. In the modern era, Kaduna State has been

1716-555: The first Northern President in the Nigerian Fourth Republic , and the possibility of his vice-president Goodluck Jonathan from the South assuming power, became a contentious issue in the forum. On 16 December 2009, the forum issued a communiqué calling for further information on the health of the President, and saying that if a succession issue arose it should be resolved according to the constitution. Later that month,

1768-488: The forum would try to persuade Buhari, Babangida and Vice President Atiku Abubakar to resolve their differences for the sake of greater unity of northern leaders. In March 2009, the ACF expressed concern over deteriorating liquidity in the banking industry and demanded that the Central Bank of Nigeria provide information on the size and origins of the problem. In late 2009, the illness of President Umaru Yar'Adua ,

1820-613: The forum. The forum appointed a retired Inspector General of the Nigerian Police, Alhaji Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu , as chairman. Belying its common image as a champion of the interest of the Muslims Hausa and Fulani , the ACF appointed Sunday Awoniyi , a Christian Yoruba from the northern state of Kogi, as chairman of the board of trustees in 2000, a position he held until his death in November 2007. On 8 August 2001,

1872-579: The most remote village or ward of the state. To further improve on healthcare delivery, in 2016, the Kaduna State Government partnered with the UK Department for International Development (DFID) to install over 1.3 megawatts of solar power in primary healthcare facilities across the state. In Kaduna State many sports are played, such as football, golf, swimming, traditional wrestling and handball. The Kaduna State government run

1924-418: The name, Kaduna, was taken up by Lord Frederick Lugard and his colonial colleagues when they moved the capital of the then Northern Region from Zungeru to Kaduna City in 1916. This move of the colonial office to Kaduna city started in 1912–1918/20, with the initial effort having been made in 1902 from Jebba to Zungeru. At the start of British colonial rule in northern Nigeria, the people groups who lived in

1976-624: The oldest states in Nigeria. In 2021, Kaduna State was the site of several major attacks done by bandits involved in the Nigerian bandit conflict . On 24 February, at least 34 were killed in attacks in Kaduna and neighboring Katsina state . On 11 March, 39 students were kidnapped when gunmen attacked the Federal College of Forestry Mechanization. On 20 April, in another raid by bandits on Greenfield University students and staff, 22 were kidnapped and 6 of them were killed. On 5 July,

2028-459: The presence of many institution like Ahmadu Bello University (established 1962). There are many government schools, include primary schools and secondary schools. All secondary schools in Kaduna are owned by the state government, federal government or private organisations. there are many tertiary institutions in the state. The state also has colleges for transportation and agriculture. Federal Highways are: Other major roads include: Railways:

2080-731: The present twenty-three in 1998. In each LGA, smaller units such as districts and wards, are recognised. Among the places of worship , there are churches and mosques. Sultan Bello Mosque is the biggest and a central mosque in Kaduna. There are also churches: Church of Nigeria ( Anglican Communion ), Presbyterian Church of Nigeria ( World Communion of Reformed Churches ), Nigerian Baptist Convention ( Baptist World Alliance ), Living Faith Church Worldwide , Redeemed Christian Church of God , Assemblies of God , Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna ( Catholic Church ), Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries , Universal Reformed Christian Church (Protestant Church). Climate: Kaduna State experiences

2132-734: The rain varies. decreasing from an average of about 1530mm in Kafanchan-Kagoro areas in the Southeast to about 1015mm in Ikara-Makarfi districts in the northeast. High storm intensities (ranging from 60mm hr-1 to 99mm hr-1) plus the nature of surface runoff build up the good network of medium sized river sys- temps High evaporation during the dry season ton however, creates water shortage problems espe cinity in Igabi , Giwa , Soba , Makarfi )and Ikara LGA. The Kaduna region has

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2184-472: The site of violent ethnic and religious conflict, with the 2002 Miss World riots in the state capital over purported blasphemy leading to around 250 deaths and the loss of homes for around 30,000. The most widespread etymology for the word Kaduna is that it is a corruption of the Hausa plural for crocodile, kadduna , as there used to be many crocodiles in the Kaduna River . Another version of

2236-531: The southern area of the state. The people of Kaduna are very religious, causing two religious crises in 2001 and 2002, the Miss World riots . Fulani Other languages in Kaduna State are Bacama , Firan , and Sambe. Almost all of these languages are spoken in Southern Kaduna . Kaduna is one of the largest centres of education in Nigeria. The slogan of the state is Center of Learning because of

2288-417: The state assembly. Other small festivals include the following: The state government is led by a democratical elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The capital city of the state is Kaduna The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of

2340-609: The state started with the concept of Provincial Administration and Native/Local Authority systems. However, in 1976 the Mohammed Administration introduced the Local Government Area system (LGA) which delegated some responsibilities to the elected/appointed councillors. With each successive Federal Military Administration, the number of the LGAs in Kaduna State increased from fourteen in the early 1980s to

2392-513: The state there 14 ministries that operate with the state government to improve the state: Ministries of Kaduna State . Within each Ministry, there are multiple agencies with regulatory authority, such as the Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority which oversees waste, water, and other environmental quality issues. The governor of the state said he is trying to restore togetherness back in

2444-648: The state to make it hospitable for all Nigerians just as it has always been in the past. According to him, the city is now divided due to the frequent communal clashes that have been occurring in the last two decades. Kaduna State consists of 23 local government areas . They are: The Kaduna State economy was ranked 15th largest state in the Nigerian economy from 2002 to 2008, and it made up 3.3% of Nigerian GDP. While agriculture contributed 30% of SGDP in Kaduna. Kaduna state cultivate cotton and peanuts (groundnuts) for exporting and domestic extraction of Peanut oil . In

2496-505: The state, there is the National Institute of Leather and Technology, to improve modern technology and traditional method. In Kaduna State, there are many means of communication through mass media, broadcasting, internet communication and banking transactions. In Kaduna State, there are 21 radio stations and more than 4 television stations broadcasting. Many of them are owned by the state government or federal government, and

2548-435: The word Kaduna is said to be a corruption of the Hausa word for "crocodiles", Kaddanni in the Hausa language ( kaduna being the plural form). Another version of the name proposes a link to the Gbagyi word/name 'Odna', meaning 'river'. Kaduna was founded by British colonists in 1900. The first British governor of Northern Nigeria, Sir Frederick Lugard , chose the present site for development due to its proximity to

2600-409: The year, the temperature rarely falls below 50 °F or rises above 102 °F, usually ranging between 55 °F and 95 °F. The current governor of Kaduna State is legally under the control of Kaduna State Executives , Kaduna State House of Assembly and Kaduna State Judiciary . The current elected governor of the state is Senator Uba Sani and his deputy is Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe . In

2652-511: Was ranked number four by the total area of land and number three by population. The Kaduna River , a tributary of the Niger River , flows through the state. There are rocky stones in Zaria and Kogoro Hill. Many communities are prone to seasonal flooding during the rainy season. The rainy season in Kaduna is hot, humid, and cloudy, while the dry season is hot and partly cloudy. Throughout

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2704-421: Was renamed Kaduna State. It was made up of the two colonial period Provinces of Zaria and Katsina . When in 1991, the number of states in the country was increased from twenty-one to thirty. Katsina Province became Katsina State, while the old Zaria Province became the new Kaduna State. There are twenty-three local government areas (LGAs) in the state, although the number of ethnic groups is much larger. Kaduna

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