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34-431: The street takes its name from John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll who bought a large property on the south side of Oxford Street in the early 18th century. In 1736 Argyll chose to demolish his house and to create Argyll Street as a residential street with a number of smaller townhouses on the site, designed by the architect James Gibbs . His younger brother Archibald had built a nearby mansion named Argyll House . This

68-898: A Knight of the Order of the Garter in December 1710, Campbell was promoted to full general and given command of all British forces in Spain at the instigation of the Harley Ministry in January 1711. He replaced James Stanhope who had been forced to surrender at Brihuega the previous December. The Harley government was negotiating an agreement with France which would see Britain recognise Philip V of Spain , in exchange for being allowed to retain Gibraltar and Minorca . After conducting

102-537: A great advantage in numbers, he refused to risk the entirety of his army, allowing Argyll to withdraw. The battle was inconclusive, with both sides claiming victory. However, in strategic terms Argyll had halted the Jacobite advance. Those government regiments present during the battle that were titled 'King's' were awarded the White Horse of Hanover as a badge of honour. The engagement only served to demoralize

136-568: A successful evacuation of the troops from Spain he became Commander-in-Chief, Scotland in 1712. By 1713, however, Campbell had become critical of the ministry, and he joined the Whig opposition in making speeches against the government's policy on the Malt Tax . In July 1714, during Queen Anne's last illness, Campbell gave his full support to the Hanoverian succession. He was rewarded with

170-601: Is just as convinced that the Jacobites "did pursue / The horsemen back to Forth, man" with the eventual result that "... mony a huntit, poor Red-coat / For fear amaist did swarf, man." Dissatisfied with the first published version of the poem, Burns re-wrote it sometime after 1790. The revised version was published after Burns' death by his editor, James Currie MD in The Complete Poetical Works of Robert Burns: With Explanatory and Glossarial Notes; And

204-691: Is played by James Robertson Justice in the 1953 film Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue . He is played by Andrew Keir in Michael Caton-Jones 's Rob Roy . Battle of Sheriffmuir The Battle of Sheriffmuir ( Scottish Gaelic : Blàr Sliabh an t-Siorraim , [pl̪ˠaɾ ˈʃʎiəv əɲ ˈtʲʰirˠəm] ) was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rising in England and Scotland . The battlefield has been included in

238-675: The 4th Troop of Horse Guards and a privy councillor . For the help he gave the Queen persuading the Parliament of Scotland to support the Act of Union , he was created Earl of Greenwich and Baron Chatham in 1705. He then returned to the continent and, having been promoted to major-general early in 1706, served as a brigade commander under Marlborough at the Battle of Ramillies in May 1706 and at

272-565: The Beatles and other artists from his NEMS Enterprises offices at Sutherland House 5–6 Argyll Street from 1964, the high tide of Beatlemania, until his death in 1967. 51°30′52″N 0°08′26″W  /  51.51448°N 0.14058°W  / 51.51448; -0.14058 John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll Field Marshal John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, 1st Duke of Greenwich , KG , KT (10 October 1680 – 4 October 1743 ), styled Lord Lorne from 1680 to 1703,

306-668: The Harley Ministry . After conducting a successful evacuation of the troops from Spain, he became Commander-in-Chief, Scotland . During the Jacobite Rebellion , he led the government army against the Jacobite forces led by the Earl of Mar at the Battle of Sheriffmuir . Afterwards he served as Lord Steward and then Master-General of the Ordnance under the Walpole–Townshend Ministry . Born at Ham House , he

340-862: The Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009. Sheriffmuir is a remote elevated plateau of heathland lying between Stirling and Auchterarder on the north fringe of the Ochil Hills . John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar , standard-bearer for the Jacobite cause in Scotland, mustered Highland chiefs, and, on 6 September, declared James Francis Edward Stuart (the "Old Pretender") as King of Scots . With an army of about 12,000 men Mar proceeded to take Perth , and commanded much of

374-718: The Siege of Ostend in June 1706. After being appointed colonel of Prince George of Denmark's Regiment in 1707, he went on to command a brigade at the Battle of Oudenarde in July 1708 and at the Siege of Lille in Autumn 1708. Promoted to lieutenant general in April 1709, he also took part in the Siege of Tournai in June 1709 and the Battle of Malplaquet in September 1709. Appointed

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408-865: The Argyll family, on 7 April 1694. He served briefly on the European continent in the Nine Years' War before the regiment was disbanded in 1698. He also served under the Duke of Marlborough at the Siege of Kaiserswerth in April 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession . He was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Thistle later that year. Campbell succeeded his father as Duke of Argyll and Chief of Clan Campbell in 1703, and also became colonel of

442-671: The Earl of Sutherland, Fraser Lord Lovat, the Rosses, the Munros and the Forbeses. The number killed, wounded, or captured on the side of the Jacobites has been stated to have been between two hundred and eight hundred, among whom were John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne , and the chief of the Clan Ranald of Clan MacDonald , and several others of distinction. James Maule, 4th Earl of Panmure , and Drummond of Logie were among

476-620: The English Jacobites and Catholics in the north of England, had he had the merest sense of how to fight a campaign rather than lead a parade. On 23 December, the Old Pretender, who had been exiled in France, landed at Peterhead , his cause largely lost. He met with Mar at Perth, but was unable to rouse the disheartened army. Argyll, reinforced and invigorated, soon advanced north, while the Jacobite army fled to Montrose , and

510-493: The Jacobite army (which was somewhat diminished from its previous numbers), and his left wing, commanded by General Thomas Whetham , was far shorter than the Jacobites' opposing right. Argyll's right wing attacked, and managed to drive the Highlanders back, but Whetham's soldiers were overpowered by a much larger force. Argyll came to the aid of Whetham's men. By evening, both armies were seriously reduced, and although Mar had

544-476: The Jacobite army who, with their superior numbers, felt they should have decisively won. Mar's French and Spanish supporters in particular withdrew their forces. The modern Scottish archaeologist and TV commentator Neil Oliver states that in hindsight the Jacobite failure of the rising of 1715 seems astonishing in that the Jacobite leader, the Earl of Mar, could easily have moved past the Duke of Argyll to link up with

578-526: The Pretender returned to France. The army moved to Ruthven , and dispersed. The period was fatal in the extreme to the Jacobite Pretender. The whole body of his adherents in the south had fallen into the hands of generals Willis and Carpenter at Preston , and Inverness, with all the adjacent country, had been recovered to the government, through the exertions of pro-government clans including

612-535: The battle is presented as a noble victory for the Jacobite army. The song was collected by, and perhaps written by, James Hogg in 1819. The Battle was the subject of " The Battle of Sherramuir ", one of the most famous songs written by Robert Burns . The song was written when Burns toured the Highlands in 1787 and was first published in the Scots Musical Museum , appearing in volume III, 1790. It

646-751: The city of Edinburgh for the Porteous Riots . In the beginning of the year 1719 he was again admitted into favour, and in April was created Duke of Greenwich . He went on to become Lord Steward of the Household in 1721 and then Master-General of the Ordnance in June 1725 under the Walpole–Townshend Ministry . He also became colonel of the Queen's Regiment of Horse in August 1726 and, having been appointed Governor of Portsmouth in November 1730, he

680-578: The colonelcy of the Royal Horse Guards in June 1715. During the Jacobite Rebellion , Campbell led the government army against the Jacobites led by the Earl of Mar at the Battle of Sheriffmuir in November 1715. The battle was indecisive but favoured the government strategically. He led the advance against the Jacobite capital of Perth , capturing it in December with little bloodshed, but

714-526: The marriage and she died in 1717 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. He married in 1717 secondly, Jane Warburton, daughter of Thomas Warburton and Anne Williams, sister of Hugh Warburton and maid of honour to Queen Anne; Jane died in 1767 and was buried with him in Westminster Abbey. He had four daughters who reached maturity: Caroline Townshend, 1st Baroness Greenwich , Lady Elizabeth Campbell, Lady Anne Campbell and Lady Mary Coke . Campbell

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748-409: The northern Highlands . Following unsuccessful skirmishes against John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (based at Stirling ), Mar was eventually persuaded to lead his full army south, on 10 November. Spies informed Argyll of Mar's actions, and he moved his army of about 4,000 to Sheriffmuir , near Dunblane . The two armies met on the battlefield on 13 November 1715. Argyll was seriously outnumbered by

782-478: The rule of James II of England and VII of Scotland for which he was executed in Edinburgh in June 1685. Campbell was privately tutored first by Walter Campbell of Dunloskin, then by John Anderson of Dumbarton and, finally, by Alexander Cunningham. Campbell was commissioned , after his father had given William III some encouragement, as colonel of Lord Lorne's Regiment of Foot , a regiment entirely raised by

816-674: The street have included William Roy , the pioneer of the Ordnance Survey , and the writers Washington Irving and Germaine de Staël , all of whom are commemorated with blue plaques . In addition the botanist Joseph Banks was born there in 1743 while the British statesman and future Prime Minister William Pitt the Elder married his wife Hester at her lodgings in Argyll Street in 1754. Brian Epstein (1934–1967) managed

850-430: The wounded. It meant that the Jacobite army had to withdraw to Perth. Argyll considered himself the victor and struck a medal to commemorate his feat. Of the government army, there were killed, and wounded, upwards of six hundred. Archibald Douglas, 2nd Earl of Forfar , was the only person of eminence killed on that side. A famous Jacobite song, "Sheriffmuir fight", was written about the battle. As with many such songs,

884-517: Was a Scottish nobleman and senior commander in the British Army . He served on the continent in the Nine Years' War and fought at the Siege of Kaiserswerth during the War of the Spanish Succession . He then went on to serve as a brigade commander during the later battles of the War of the Spanish Succession, and was subsequently given command of all British forces in Spain at the instigation of

918-618: Was buried in Westminster Abbey ; his grave is marked by a small lozenge stone to the north east of Henry VII 's tomb. A large monument, designed by the French sculptor, Louis-François Roubiliac , was erected for him in the south transept and unveiled in 1749. Argyll Street in London's West End is named after him. Campbell married first, Mary Brown, daughter of John Brown and Ursula Duncombe, in 1701: they separated soon after

952-503: Was not redeveloped when the street was constructed, and it passed through the hands of various Dukes of Argyll until 1808. The future Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister Lord Aberdeen bought Argyll House and made it his London residence for many years. Following Aberdeen's death in 1860, Argyll House was demolished and the site redeveloped, eventually becoming a West End theatre , the London Palladium . The Argyll Arms

986-431: Was rebuilt in 1868 on the site of an 18th century pub. In 1905 an entrance to the new Bakerloo Line section of Oxford Circus tube station was opened on the corner with Oxford Street adjacent to the pub. It was designed by Leslie Green in the oxblood Modern Style common to many underground stations of the era. At the southern end of the street the art deco Ideal House was built in the 1920s. Notable residents in

1020-479: Was restored to his post as Master-General of the Ordnance in February 1741 and restored to his colonelcy a few days later. However, disapproving the measures of the new administration, and apparently disappointed at not being given the command of the army, he shortly resigned all his posts, and spent the rest of his life in privacy and retirement. Campbell died at Sudbrook Park, Petersham on 4 October 1743 and

1054-581: Was restored to the colonelcy of the Royal Horse Guards in August 1733. In the 1720s he commissioned the architect James Gibbs to design a Palladian house at Sudbrook Park close to his birthplace at Ham House. Promoted to field marshal on 31 January 1735, Campbell was stripped of his post as Master-General of the Ordnance and the colonelcy of the Royal Horse Guards for opposing the Government of Robert Walpole in 1740. However he

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1088-399: Was the son of Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll and Elizabeth Campbell (née Tollemache, daughter of Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet ). His mother was a stepdaughter of John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale , a dominant figure in Scotland during Charles II 's reign. Five years after his birth, Campbell's grandfather Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll led Argyll's Rising against

1122-471: Was then replaced as commander by William Cadogan . Campbell arrived back in London early in March 1716, and at first stood high in the king's favour, but in a few months was stripped of his offices. This, however, did not deter him from the discharge of his parliamentary duties; he supported the bill for the impeachment of Bishop Atterbury , and lent his aid to his countrymen by opposing the bill for punishing

1156-478: Was written to be sung to the " Cameronian Rant ". Burns knew that the battle ended so inconclusively that it was unclear which side had won and the poem is the account of the battle by two shepherds taking contrary views. One of the shepherds believes that "the red-coat lads wi' black cockades" routed the rebels, painting a fearful picture of how they managed to "hough the Clans like nine-pin kyles". The other shepherd

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