55-626: Aroor is a fishing village on the northernmost part of the Alappuzha district , within Cherthala taluk of Kerala , India. It lies on either sides of National Highway 66 and serves as a gateway between Kochi and Alappuzha . Aroor, surrounded by Vembanad , Kaithappuzha, and Kumbalangi backwaters, is known for its seafood export industry. The Aroor-Kumbalam Bridge is the second-longest bridge in Kerala. The name "Aroor" traces its origins to
110-593: A crown group of ray-finned fish that can protrude their jaws . The tetrapods , a mostly terrestrial clade of vertebrates that have dominated the top trophic levels in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems since the Late Paleozoic , evolved from lobe-finned fish during the Carboniferous , developing air-breathing lungs homologous to swim bladders. Despite the cladistic lineage, tetrapods are usually not considered to be fish, making "fish"
165-479: A fishing ground , with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood . The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional. Coastal fishing villages are often somewhat isolated, and sited around
220-579: A paraphyletic group and for this reason, the class Pisces seen in older reference works is no longer used in formal classifications. Traditional classification divides fish into three extant classes (Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes), and with extinct forms sometimes classified within those groups, sometimes as their own classes. Fish account for more than half of vertebrate species. As of 2016, there are over 32,000 described species of bony fish, over 1,100 species of cartilaginous fish, and over 100 hagfish and lampreys. A third of these fall within
275-426: A paraphyletic group. Fish have been an important natural resource for humans since prehistoric times, especially as food . Commercial and subsistence fishers harvest fish in wild fisheries or farm them in ponds or in breeding cages in the ocean. Fish are caught for recreation , or raised by fishkeepers as ornaments for private and public exhibition in aquaria and garden ponds . Fish have had
330-552: A fish-like body shape through convergent evolution . Fishes of the World comments that "it is increasingly widely accepted that tetrapods, including ourselves, are simply modified bony fishes, and so we are comfortable with using the taxon Osteichthyes as a clade, which now includes all tetrapods". The biodiversity of extant fish is unevenly distributed among the various groups; teleosts , bony fishes able to protrude their jaws , make up 96% of fish species. The cladogram shows
385-427: A hard skull , but lacking limbs with digits . Fish can be grouped into the more basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish , the latter including all living cartilaginous and bony fish , as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians . Most fish are cold-blooded , their body temperature varying with the surrounding water, though some large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold
440-613: A higher core temperature . Many fish can communicate acoustically with each other, such as during courtship displays . The earliest fish appeared during the Cambrian as small filter feeders ; they continued to evolve through the Paleozoic , diversifying into many forms. The earliest fish with dedicated respiratory gills and paired fins , the ostracoderms , had heavy bony plates that served as protective exoskeletons against invertebrate predators . The first fish with jaws ,
495-436: A more spherical lens . Their retinas generally have both rods and cones (for scotopic and photopic vision ); many species have colour vision , often with three types of cone. Teleosts can see polarized light ; some such as cyprinids have a fourth type of cone that detects ultraviolet . Amongst jawless fish , the lamprey has well-developed eyes, while the hagfish has only primitive eyespots. Hearing too
550-419: A protective bony cover or operculum . They are able to oxygenate their gills using muscles in the head. Some 400 species of fish in 50 families can breathe air, enabling them to live in oxygen-poor water or to emerge on to land. The ability of fish to do this is potentially limited by their single-loop circulation, as oxygenated blood from their air-breathing organ will mix with deoxygenated blood returning to
605-582: A role in human culture through the ages, serving as deities , religious symbols, and as the subjects of art, books and movies. The word fish is inherited from Proto-Germanic , and is related to German Fisch , the Latin piscis and Old Irish īasc , though the exact root is unknown; some authorities reconstruct a Proto-Indo-European root * peysk- , attested only in Italic , Celtic , and Germanic . About 530 million years ago during
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#1732772719657660-441: A sense of touch and of hearing . Blind cave fish navigate almost entirely through the sensations from their lateral line system. Some fish, such as catfish and sharks, have the ampullae of Lorenzini , electroreceptors that detect weak electric currents on the order of millivolt. Vision is an important sensory system in fish. Fish eyes are similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates like birds and mammals, but have
715-403: A small natural harbour which provides a safe haven for a village fleet of fishing boats . The village needs to provide a safe way of landing fish and securing boats when they are not in use. Fishing villages may operate from a beach, particularly around lakes. For example, around parts of Lake Malawi , each fishing village has its own beach. If a fisherman from outside the village lands fish on
770-485: A tail fin, jaws, skin covered with scales , and lays eggs. Each criterion has exceptions, creating a wide diversity in body shape and way of life. For example, some fast-swimming fish are warm-blooded, while some slow-swimming fish have abandoned streamlining in favour of other body shapes. Fish species are roughly divided equally between freshwater and marine (oceanic) ecosystems; there are some 15,200 freshwater species and around 14,800 marine species. Coral reefs in
825-589: A true "land fish" as this worm-like catfish strictly lives among waterlogged leaf litter . Cavefish of multiple families live in underground lakes , underground rivers or aquifers . Like other animals, fish suffer from parasitism . Some species use cleaner fish to remove external parasites. The best known of these are the bluestreak cleaner wrasses of coral reefs in the Indian and Pacific oceans. These small fish maintain cleaning stations where other fish congregate and perform specific movements to attract
880-422: A typical fish is adapted for efficient swimming by alternately contracting paired sets of muscles on either side of the backbone. These contractions form S-shaped curves that move down the body. As each curve reaches the tail fin, force is applied to the water, moving the fish forward. The other fins act as control surfaces like an aircraft's flaps, enabling the fish to steer in any direction. Since body tissue
935-454: Is Keltron Controls, which is the control and instrumentation division of Keltron. As of 2011 Indian census , Aroor had a population of 39,214. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Its average literacy rate is of 84% higher than the national average of 59.5%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Aroor Puthuvaranad Temple is a famous temple in Aroor. The idol of Kali
990-465: Is an important sensory system in fish. Fish sense sound using their lateral lines and otoliths in their ears, inside their heads. Some can detect sound through the swim bladder. Some fish, including salmon, are capable of magnetoreception ; when the axis of a magnetic field is changed around a circular tank of young fish, they reorient themselves in line with the field. The mechanism of fish magnetoreception remains unknown; experiments in birds imply
1045-431: Is denser than water, fish must compensate for the difference or they will sink. Many bony fish have an internal organ called a swim bladder that allows them to adjust their buoyancy by increasing or decreasing the amount of gas it contains. The scales of fish provide protection from predators at the cost of adding stiffness and weight. Fish scales are often highly reflective; this silvering provides camouflage in
1100-574: Is listed in the Domesday Book . Recent archaeological excavations of earlier fishing settlements are occurring at some pace. A fishing village recently excavated in Khanh Hoa , Vietnam, is thought be about 3,500 years old. Excavations on the biblical fishing village Bethsaida , on the shore of the Sea of Galilee and birthplace of the apostles Peter, Philip and Andrew, have shown that Bethsaida
1155-451: Is near Vembanad lake, a part of Kerala backwaters . This ecosystem helps large-scale prawn and shrimp farming to be an alternative to the low-lying paddy fields, which have the interlocked water system connected to the Kerala backwaters. Secondly the Cochin fishing harbour and port is just 15 km away from Aroor. The abundance of marine wealth and logistical advantages have helped
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#17327727196571210-593: Is similar to the Kali idol of Dakshineswaram Kolkatha. Aroor Karthyayani Temple is another main temple in Aroor. The name "Aroor" is derived from this temple. It is on the National Highway. Arookutty road starts from the Aroor junction. Aroor Cheruvally Temple and the Kavu with the temple, known as Paradevatha Kavu and Kizhakkedathu Kavu are scenic attractions in the temple. The banyan tree at the southwestern corner of
1265-465: Is the biggest part of the brain; it is small in hagfish and lampreys , but very large in mormyrids , processing their electrical sense . The brain stem or myelencephalon controls some muscles and body organs, and governs respiration and osmoregulation . The lateral line system is a network of sensors in the skin which detects gentle currents and vibrations, and senses the motion of nearby fish, whether predators or prey. This can be considered both
1320-499: Is the second-longest bridge (now the bridge is doubled with four-lane traffic) in Kerala, spanning about 993 m. The bypass opened to traffic in 1987. Aroor assembly constituency is part of Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency) . Aroor is known for having elected K. R. Gowri Amma for a record of eight times to the Kerala Legislative Assembly . Seafood export is a major industry of the area, given that Aroor
1375-541: The Cambrian explosion , fishlike animals with a notochord and eyes at the front of the body, such as Haikouichthys , appear in the fossil record . During the late Cambrian , other jawless forms such as conodonts appear. Jawed vertebrates appear in the Silurian , with giant armoured placoderms such as Dunkleosteus . Jawed fish, too, appeared during the Silurian: the cartilaginous Chondrichthyes and
1430-723: The Indo-Pacific constitute the center of diversity for marine fishes, whereas continental freshwater fishes are most diverse in large river basins of tropical rainforests , especially the Amazon , Congo , and Mekong basins. More than 5,600 fish species inhabit Neotropical freshwaters alone, such that Neotropical fishes represent about 10% of all vertebrate species on the Earth. Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon ) to
1485-595: The Yangtze River delta, was a small fishing village. Extended fishing communities that retain their cultural identities around a connection to water through fishing, leisure, or otherwise, are sometimes referred to as aquapelagos . In recent times, fishing villages have been increasingly targeted for tourist and leisure enterprises. Recreational fishing and leisure boat pursuits can be big business these days, and traditional fishing villages are often well positioned to take advantage of this. For example, Destin on
1540-477: The abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (e.g., cusk-eels and snailfish ), although none have been found in the deepest 25% of the ocean. The deepest living fish in the ocean so far found is a cusk-eel, Abyssobrotula galatheae , recorded at the bottom of the Puerto Rico Trench at 8,370 m (27,460 ft). In terms of temperature, Jonah's icefish live in cold waters of
1595-1206: The evolutionary relationships of all groups of living fishes (with their respective diversity ) and the tetrapods. Extinct groups are marked with a dagger (†); groups of uncertain placement are labelled with a question mark (?) and dashed lines (- - - - -). Jawless fishes (118 species: hagfish , lampreys ) [REDACTED] † Thelodonti , † Conodonta , † Anaspida [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] † Galeaspida [REDACTED] † Osteostraci [REDACTED] † Placodermi [REDACTED] † Acanthodii [REDACTED] (>1,100 species: sharks , rays , chimaeras ) [REDACTED] (2 species: coelacanths ) [REDACTED] Dipnoi (6 species: lungfish ) [REDACTED] Tetrapoda (>38,000 species, not considered fish: amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) [REDACTED] (14 species: bichirs , reedfish ) [REDACTED] (27 species: sturgeons , paddlefish ) [REDACTED] Ginglymodi (7 species: gars , alligator gars ) [REDACTED] Halecomorphi (2 species: bowfin , eyetail bowfin ) [REDACTED] (>32,000 species) [REDACTED] Fishes (without tetrapods) are
1650-400: The intertidal zone , are facultative air breathers, able to breathe air when out of water, as may occur daily at low tide , and to use their gills when in water. Some coastal fish like rockskippers and mudskippers choose to leave the water to feed in habitats temporarily exposed to the air. Some catfish absorb air through their digestive tracts. The digestive system consists of a tube,
1705-425: The stout infantfish . Swimming performance varies from fish such as tuna, salmon , and jacks that can cover 10–20 body-lengths per second to species such as eels and rays that swim no more than 0.5 body-lengths per second. A typical fish is cold-blooded , has a streamlined body for rapid swimming, extracts oxygen from water using gills, has two sets of paired fins, one or two dorsal fins, an anal fin and
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1760-601: The Southern Ocean, including under the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf at a latitude of 79°S, while desert pupfish live in desert springs, streams, and marshes, sometimes highly saline, with water temperatures as high as 36 C. A few fish live mostly on land or lay their eggs on land near water. Mudskippers feed and interact with one another on mudflats and go underwater to hide in their burrows. A single undescribed species of Phreatobius has been called
1815-556: The attention of the cleaners. Cleaning behaviors have been observed in a number of fish groups, including an interesting case between two cichlids of the same genus, Etroplus maculatus , the cleaner, and the much larger E. suratensis . Fish occupy many trophic levels in freshwater and marine food webs . Fish at the higher levels are predatory , and a substantial part of their prey consists of other fish. In addition, mammals such as dolphins and seals feed on fish, alongside birds such as gannets and cormorants . The body of
1870-420: The beach, he gives some of the fish to the village headman. Village fishing boats are usually characteristic of the stretch of coast along which they operate. Traditional fishing boats evolve over time to meet the local conditions, such as the materials available locally for boat building, the type of sea conditions the boats will encounter, and the demands of the local fisheries . Some villages move out onto
1925-550: The body, and produce a concentrated urine. The reverse happens in freshwater fish : they tend to gain water osmotically, and produce a dilute urine. Some fish have kidneys able to operate in both freshwater and saltwater. Fish have small brains relative to body size compared with other vertebrates, typically one-fifteenth the brain mass of a similarly sized bird or mammal. However, some fish have relatively large brains, notably mormyrids and sharks , which have brains about as large for their body weight as birds and marsupials . At
1980-733: The bony Osteichthyes . During the Devonian , fish diversity greatly increased, including among the placoderms, lobe-finned fishes, and early sharks, earning the Devonian the epithet "the age of fishes". Fishes are a paraphyletic group, since any clade containing all fish, such as the Gnathostomata or (for bony fish) Osteichthyes , also contains the clade of tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates, mostly terrestrial), which are usually not considered fish. Some tetrapods, such as cetaceans and ichthyosaurs , have secondarily acquired
2035-602: The building and maintenance of boats. Until the 19th century, some villagers supplemented their incomes with wrecking (taking valuables from nearby shipwrecks ) and smuggling . In less developed countries, some traditional fishing villages persist in ways that have changed little from earlier times. In more developed countries, traditional fishing villages are changing due to socioeconomic factors like industrial fishing and urbanization . Over time, some fishing villages outgrow their original function as artisanal fishing villages. Seven hundred years ago, Shanghai , beside
2090-455: The coast of Florida, has evolved from an artisanal fishing village into a seaside resort dedicated to tourism with a large fishing fleet of recreational charter boats. The tourist appeal of fishing villages has become so big that the Korean government is purpose-building 48 fishing villages for their tourist drawing power. In 2004 China reported it had 8,048 fishing villages. Skara Brae on
2145-405: The front of the brain are the olfactory lobes , a pair of structures that receive and process signals from the nostrils via the two olfactory nerves . Fish that hunt primarily by smell, such as hagfish and sharks, have very large olfactory lobes. Behind these is the telencephalon , which in fish deals mostly with olfaction. Together these structures form the forebrain. Connecting the forebrain to
2200-412: The gills flows in the opposite direction to the water, resulting in efficient countercurrent exchange . The gills push the oxygen-poor water out through openings in the sides of the pharynx. Cartilaginous fish have multiple gill openings: sharks usually have five, sometimes six or seven pairs; they often have to swim to oxygenate their gills. Bony fish have a single gill opening on each side, hidden beneath
2255-532: The gills. Oxygen-rich blood then flows without further pumping, unlike in mammals, to the body tissues. Finally, oxygen-depleted blood returns to the heart. Fish exchange gases using gills on either side of the pharynx . Gills consist of comblike structures called filaments. Each filament contains a capillary network that provides a large surface area for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide . Fish exchange gases by pulling oxygen-rich water through their mouths and pumping it over their gills. Capillary blood in
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2310-447: The gut, leading from the mouth to the anus. The mouth of most fishes contains teeth to grip prey, bite off or scrape plant material, or crush the food. An esophagus carries food to the stomach where it may be stored and partially digested. A sphincter, the pylorus, releases food to the intestine at intervals. Many fish have finger-shaped pouches, pyloric caeca , around the pylorus, of doubtful function. The pancreas secretes enzymes into
2365-457: The heart from the rest of the body. Lungfish, bichirs, ropefish, bowfins, snakefish, and the African knifefish have evolved to reduce such mixing, and to reduce oxygen loss from the gills to oxygen-poor water. Bichirs and lungfish have tetrapod-like paired lungs, requiring them to surface to gulp air, and making them obligate air breathers. Many other fish, including inhabitants of rock pools and
2420-455: The intestine to digest the food; other enzymes are secreted directly by the intestine itself. The liver produces bile which helps to break up fat into an emulsion which can be absorbed in the intestine. Most fish release their nitrogenous wastes as ammonia . This may be excreted through the gills or filtered by the kidneys . Salt is excreted by the rectal gland. Saltwater fish tend to lose water by osmosis ; their kidneys return water to
2475-471: The main attractions in the festival. St. Augustine's Church under Diocese of Cochin is a major attraction, on the highway in the heart of Aroor. The parish is also the part of Mundamveli Parish and separated in the early 1900s. The current church, over 138 years old, was built on land donated by the Aelavanthara family. Fishing village A fishing village is a village, usually located near
2530-419: The midbrain is the diencephalon ; it works with hormones and homeostasis . The pineal body is just above the diencephalon; it detects light, maintains circadian rhythms, and controls color changes. The midbrain contains the two optic lobes . These are very large in species that hunt by sight, such as rainbow trout and cichlids . The hindbrain controls swimming and balance.The single-lobed cerebellum
2585-443: The nine largest families; from largest to smallest, these are Cyprinidae , Gobiidae , Cichlidae , Characidae , Loricariidae , Balitoridae , Serranidae , Labridae , and Scorpaenidae . About 64 families are monotypic , containing only one species. Fish range in size from the huge 16-metre (52 ft) whale shark to some tiny teleosts only 8-millimetre (0.3 in) long, such as the cyprinid Paedocypris progenetica and
2640-402: The open ocean. Because the water all around is the same colour, reflecting an image of the water offers near-invisibility. Fish have a closed-loop circulatory system . The heart pumps the blood in a single loop throughout the body; for comparison, the mammal heart has two loops, one for the lungs to pick up oxygen, one for the body to deliver the oxygen. In fish, the heart pumps blood through
2695-487: The phrase "Arayarude Oor", which means the place of Hindu fishermen, mainly the sub class Vaalarayar or Vaala, deriving their name from their unique fishing equipment, "Dragon Tailed" (Vaal in Malayalam) net used in their legal fishery. It was later shortened as "Arayaroor" and subsequently to the present version. Aroor is the northernmost tip of Alappuzha district , situated in Cherthala taluk . The Aroor-Kumbalam Bridge
2750-454: The placoderms, appeared in the Silurian and greatly diversified during the Devonian , the "Age of Fishes". Bony fish, distinguished by the presence of swim bladders and later ossified endoskeletons , emerged as the dominant group of fish after the end-Devonian extinction wiped out the apex placoderms. Bony fish are further divided into the lobe-finned and ray-finned fish . About 96% of all living fish species today are teleosts ,
2805-410: The seafood export to grow, especially around Aroor. There are many marine food processing units in Aroor which provide employment to a number of people. The raw seafood catch is also purchased by large seafood export firms from North Kerala, Kollam , South Karnataka, Orissa , and Tamil Nadu , processed and preserved in cold storages, and then trans-shipped through Cochin port. Another large business
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#17327727196572860-669: The temple, and the Ganapathi idol known as the Aaltharra Ganapathi, are other attractions of the temple. The Ganapathi idol is similar to the idol of Pillayarpatti Ganapathi. Pillayar patti is a place near Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. Kottilakkattu Kudumpa Paradevatha is also near the Cheruvally Temple. The long Pala Maram of the Devasthanam is a main attraction. The Garuda Vahana Ezhunnalleth and Thadi Thullal are
2915-1012: The water itself, such as the floating fishing villages of Ha Long Bay in Vietnam , the stilt houses of Tai O built over tidal flats near Hong Kong, and the kelong found in waters off Malaysia , the Philippines and Indonesia . Other fishing villages are built on floating islands , such as the Phumdi on Loktak Lake in India, and the Uros on Lake Titicaca which borders Peru and Bolivia. Apart from catching fish, fishing villages often support enterprises typically found in other types of village, such as village crafts, transport, schools and health clinics, housing and community water supplies. In addition, there are enterprises that are natural to fishing villages, such as fish processing and marketing , and
2970-506: The western coast of the Orkney mainland, off Scotland, was a small Neolithic agricultural and fishing village with ten stone houses. It was occupied from about 3100 to 2500 BC, and is Europe's most complete Neolithic village. The ancient Lycian sunken village of Kaleköy in Turkey, dates from 400 BCE. Clovelly , a fishing hamlet north Devon coast of England, an early Saxon settlement,
3025-589: Was established in the tenth century BCE. A Tongan fishing village, recently excavated, appears to have been founded 2900 years ago. This makes it the oldest known settlement in Polynesia . Another recent excavation has been made at Walraversijde , a medieval fishing village on the coast of West Flanders in Belgium . Fish A fish ( pl. : fish or fishes ) is an aquatic , anamniotic , gill -bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and
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