Misplaced Pages

#314685

34-755: Askani (also known as Ashkani ) is a Baloch tribe from Balochistan. They are also found in Balochistan, Pakistan. The Ferdowsi poem says that the army of Ashkash was from the wanderers of the Koch and Baloch, intent on war, with exalted cockscomb crest, whose back none in the world ever saw. This article about a Pakistani ethnicity is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Baloch people Second language: The Baloch ( / b ə ˈ l oʊ tʃ / bə- LOHCH ) or Baluch ( / b ə ˈ l uː tʃ / bə- LOOCH ; Balochi : بلۏچ , romanized:  Balòc , plural بلۏچانٚ ) are

68-803: A nomadic , pastoral , ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and is native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia , encompassing the countries of Pakistan , Iran , and Afghanistan . There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia , and the Arabian Peninsula . The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of

102-516: A Baloch mother singing lullabies to her children has played an important role in the transfer of knowledge from generation to generation since ancient times. Apart from the dressing style of the Baloch, indigenous and local traditions and customs are also of great importance to the Baloch. Baloch Culture Day is celebrated by the Balochi people annually on 2 March with festivities to celebrate their rich culture and history. Traditionally, Jalal Khan

136-590: A Balochi legend is backed up by the medieval Qarmatians . The fact that the Kalmatis were ethnic Baluchis is also confirmed by the Persian historian in the 16th century Muhammad Qasim Ferishta . According to another historian Ali Sher Kanei , the author of Tuhfatul Kiram, in his history written in 1774 A.D, he believes that only the Rind tribe from Jalal Khan , a descendant of Muhammad ibn Harun, nicknamed Makurani,

170-585: A Hindu Baloch community living in India who trace their origin to southern Balochistan but migrated to India during the Partition . Muhammad Qasim Ferishta Firishta was born c.  1570 at Astarabad on the shores of the Caspian Sea to Gholam Ali Hindu Shah. While Firishta was still a child, his father was summoned away from his native country to Ahmednagar , India, to teach Persian to

204-589: A history of the Muslim saints of India; and the conclusion treats of the geography and climate of India . Tārīkh-i Firishta consists primarily of the following chapter's ( maqāla ), with some, like "The Kings of Dakhin" having subchapters ( rawza ): Contemporary scholars and historians variously write that the works of Firishta drew from Tabaqāt-i-Akbarī by Nizamuddin, Tarīkh-i-Rāshidī by Mirza Haidar and Barani's Tārīkh . At least one historian, Peter Jackson , explicitly states that Firishta relied upon

238-533: A result of the generally unstable conditions in the Caspian area. The migrations occurred over several centuries. By the 9th century, Arab writers refer to the Baloch as living in the area between Kerman , Khorasan , Sistan , and Makran in what is now eastern Iran. Although they kept flocks of sheep, the Baloches also engaged in plundering travelers on the desert routes. This brought them into conflict with

272-507: A sharia-compliant Pakistan state, liberating Muslims from oppression, etc. In 2020, 800,000 Pakistani Balochis were estimated to follow the Zikri sect. A small number of Balochs are non-Muslims, particularly in the Bugti clan which has Hindu and Sikh members. There are Hindu Balochs in the Bugti , Marri , Rind , Bezenjo, Zehri , Mengal and other Baloch tribes. The Bhagnaris are

306-473: Is a direct descendant of Hamza . Based on an analysis of the linguistic connections of the Balochi language, which is one of the Western Iranian languages , the original homeland of the Balochi tribes was likely to the east or southeast of the central Caspian region. The Baloch began migrating towards the east in the late Sasanian period. The cause of the migration is unknown but may have been as

340-572: Is now Syria . They claim to be descendants of Ameer Hamza , uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who settled in Halab, present-day Aleppo . After the fight against second Umayyad Caliph Yazid I at Karbala in 680, in which Ameer Hamza's descendants supported and fought alongside Husayn ibn Ali , descendants of Ameer Hamza migrated to east or southeast of the central Caspian region , specially toward Sistan , Iran. Dayaram Gidumal writes that

374-632: Is the most common paternal clade . Haplogroup L-M20 is the most common paternal clade in Makran . The majority of the Baloch people in Pakistan are Sunni Muslims: 64.78% belong to the Deobandi movement, 33.38% to the Barelvi movement, and 1.25% to the Ahl-i Hadith movement. Shia Muslims comprise 0.59% of Balochs. Although Baloch leaders, backed by traditional scholarship, have held that

SECTION 10

#1732773266315

408-794: The Buyids , and later the Ghaznavids and the Seljuqs . Adud al-Dawla of the Buyid dynasty launched a punitive campaign against them and defeated them in 971–972. After this, the Baloch continued their eastward migration towards what is now the Balochistan province of Pakistan, although some remained behind and there are still Baloch in the eastern parts of the Iranian Sistan-Baluchestan and Kerman provinces. Upon arrival, various people's of non-Baloch origins were absorbed into

442-622: The Gulshan-i Ibrāhīmī (The Rose-Garden of Ibrahim [Shah II]). In the introduction, a resume of the history of Hindustan prior to the times of the Muslim conquest is given, and also the victorious progress of Arabs through the East. The first ten books are each occupied with a history of the kings of one of the provinces; the eleventh book gives an account of the Muslims of Malabar ; the twelfth

476-604: The Jamhoori Watan Party from 2006 until his death in 2015. There are 98,000 Marri based in Kohlo district in 2008, who further divide themselves into Gazni Marri, Bejarani Marri, and Zarkon Marri. Violent intertribal competition has prevented any credible attempt at creating a nation-state . A myriad of militant secessionist movements, each loyal to their own tribal leader, threatens regional security and political stability. For most Balochs, haplogroup R1a

510-558: The Little Ice Age and settled in Sindh and Punjab . The Little Ice Age is conventionally defined as a period extending from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, or alternatively, from about 1300 to about 1850. Although climatologists and historians working with local records no longer expect to agree on either the start or end dates of this period, which varied according to local conditions. According to Professor Baloch,

544-610: The Baloch might be the Gwalior inscription of the Gurjara-Pratihara ruler Mihira Bhoja (r. 836–885), which says that the dynasty's founder Nagabhata I repelled a powerful army of Valacha Mlecchas , translated as "Baluch foreigners" by D. R. Bhandarkar . The army in question is that of the Umayyad Caliphate after the conquest of Sindh . According to Baloch lore, their ancestors hail from Aleppo in what

578-433: The Baloch people are secular, Christine Fair and Ali Hamza found during their 2017 study that, when it comes to Islamism , "contrary to the conventional wisdom, Baloch are generally indistinguishable from other Pakistanis in Balochistan or the rest of Pakistan". There are virtually no statistically significant or substantive differences between Balochi Muslims and other Muslims in Pakistan in terms of religiosity, support for

612-515: The Baloch tribal system, which has been a major phenomenon throughout the history of Baloch people, and today a significant Baloch population in Pakistan has diverse origins. By the 13th–14th centuries, waves of Baloch were moving into Sindh, and by the 15th century into the Punjab. According to Dr. Akhtar Baloch, professor at University of Karachi , the Balochis migrated from Balochistan during

646-576: The English. Firishta's work still maintains a high place and is considered reliable in many respects. Several portions of it have been translated into English; but the best as well as the most complete translation is that published by General J. Briggs under the title of The History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India (London, 1829, 4 vols. 8vo). Several additions were made by Briggs to

680-451: The behest of Ibrahim Adil Shah II and presented to him in 1015 AH/1606 CE. It seems, however, that it was supplemented by the author himself as it records events up to AH 1033 (1626 CE)" (Devare 272). On the other hand, Tārīkh-i Firishta is said to be independent and reliable on the topic of north Indian politics of the period, ostensibly that of Emperor Jahangir where Firishta's accounts are held credible because of his affiliation with

714-631: The climate of Balochistan was very cold and the region was inhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people migrated in waves and settled in Sindh and Punjab . The area where the Baloch tribes settled was disputed between the Persian Safavids and the Mughal emperors . Although the Mughals managed to establish some control over the eastern parts of the area, by the 17th century, a tribal Brahui leader named Mir Hasan established himself as

SECTION 20

#1732773266315

748-494: The figure at over 150 tribes, though estimates vary depending on how subtribes are counted. The tribes, known as taman , are led by a tribal chief, the tumandar . Subtribes, known as paras, are led by a muqaddam. Five Baloch tribes derive their names from Khan's children. Many, if not all, Baloch tribes can be categorized as either Rind or Lashari based on their actual descent or historical tribal allegiances that developed into cross-generational relationships. This basic division

782-841: The first "Khan of the Baloch". In 1666, he was succeeded by Mir Aḥmad Khan Qambarani who established the Khanate of Kalat under the Ahmadzai dynasty. Originally in alliance with the Mughals, the Khanate lost its autonomy in 1839 with the signing of a treaty with the British colonial government and the region effectively became part of the British Raj . Gold ornaments such as necklaces and bracelets are an important aspect of Baloch women's traditions and among their most favoured items of jewellery are dorr , heavy earrings that are fastened to

816-602: The founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty. Devare believes that to be a fabricated story. Other sources for Deccani history mentioned by Devare are those of Mir Rafiuddin Ibrahim-i Shirazi, or "Rafi'", Mir Ibrahim Lari-e Asadkhani, and Ibrahim Zubayri, the author of the Basatin as-Salatin (67, fn 2). Devare observed that the work is "a general history of India from the earliest period up to Firishta's time written at

850-432: The head with gold chains so that the heavy weight will not cause harm to the ears. They usually wear a gold brooch ( tasni ) that is made by local jewellers in different shapes and sizes and is used to fasten the two parts of the dress together over the chest. In ancient times, especially during the pre-Islamic era, it was common for Baloch women to perform dances and sing folk songs at different events. The tradition of

884-583: The life of his former friend, who then left for Bijapur to enter the service of King Ibrahim Adil II in 1589. Having been in military positions until then, Firishta was not immediately successful in Bijapur . Further exacerbating matters was the fact that Firishta was of Shia origin and therefore did not have much chance of attaining a high position in the dominantly Sunni courts of the Deccan sultanates . Ibrahim Adil Shah II of Bijapur had also begun following

918-636: The name of the ethnic group derives from 'Balaschik' living in Balasagan , between the Caspian Sea and Lake Van in present-day Turkey and Azerbaijan, who are believed to have migrated to Balochistan during the Sasanian times. The remnants of the original name such as "Balochuk" and "Balochiki" are said to be still used as ethnic names in Balochistan. Some other writers suggest a derivation from Sanskrit words bal , meaning strength, and och meaning high or magnificent. An earliest Sanskrit reference to

952-486: The policy of bringing Sunni Muslim Deccanis to power and ending Shia domination by dismissing them from their posts. In 1593 Ibrahim Shah II ultimately implored Firishta to write a history of India with equal emphasis on the history of Deccan dynasties as no work thus far had given equal treatment to all regions of the subcontinent. The work was variously known as the Tārīkh-i Firishta (The History of Firishta) and

986-479: The south Indian kingdom of Bijapur . Despite his fabricated story of Yusuf's Ottoman origin, Firishta's account continues to be a very popular story and has found wide acceptance in Bijapur today. In 1768, when the East India Company officer and Orientalist Alexander Dow translated Firishta's text into English language, it came to be seen as an authoritative source of historical information by

1020-581: The total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan , while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number reside in the Pakistani Punjab . They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, and around 2% of the populations of both Iran and Afghanistan. The exact origin of the word "Baloch" is unclear. According to the Baloch historian Naseer Dashti (2012),

1054-504: The works of Barani and Sarhindi, and that his work cannot be relied upon as a first hand account of events, and that at places in the Tarīkh he is suspected of having relied upon legends and his own imagination. According to T. N. Devare, Firishta's account is the most widely quoted history of the Adil Shahi , but it is the only source for asserting the Ottoman origin of Yusuf Adil Shah ,

Askani (tribe) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-563: The young prince Miran Husain Nizam Shah, with whom Firishta studied. In 1587 Firishta was serving as the captain of guards of King Murtaza Nizam Shah I when Prince Miran overthrew his father and claimed the throne of Ahmednagar . At this time, the Sunni Deccani Muslims committed a general massacre of the foreign population, especially Shias of Iranian origin, of which Firishta was one of. However, Prince Miran spared

1122-648: Was accentuated by a war lasting 30 years between the Rind and Lashari tribes in the 15th century. In 2008, there were 180,000 Bugti based in Dera Bugti District . They are divided between the Rahija Bugti, Masori Bugti, Kalpar Bugti, Marehta Bugti and other sub-tribes. Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti led the Bugti as Tumandar until his death in 2006. Talal Akbar Bugti was the tribal leader and President of

1156-689: Was the ruler and founder of the first Balochi confederacy in 12th century. (He may be the same as Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu the last ruler of the Khwarezmian Empire . ) Jalal Khan left four sons – Rind Khan , Lashar Khan, Hoth Khan , Korai Khan and a daughter, Bibi Jato, who married his nephew Murad. As of 2008 it was estimated that there were between eight and nine million Baloch people living in Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. They were subdivided between over 130 tribes. Some estimates put

#314685