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34-658: Ashina may refer to: Ashina tribe , a ruling dynasty of the Turkic Khaganate Ashina clan (Japan) , one of the Japanese clans Ashina District, Hiroshima , a former Japanese district Empress Ashina (551–582), empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou Sei Ashina (1983–2020), Japanese actress Main setting of Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice See also [ edit ] Asena ,

68-568: A mythical female wolf found in old Turkic mythology Ashna (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ashina . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashina&oldid=1113889378 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

102-520: A red complexion, and his face was wide. However, a complete genetic analysis of Muqan Qaghan's daughter Empress Ashina (551–582) in 2023 by Xiaoming Yang et al. found nearly exclusively Ancient Northeast Asian ancestry (97,7%) next to minor West-Eurasian components (2,3%), and no Chinese ("Yellow River") admixture. According to Chinese historian Xue Zongzheng , the original Ashina tribe members had physical features that were quite different from those of East Asian people. However, over time, members of

136-513: A result of repeated marriages. She also wrote that members of the Ashina tribe sought to marry Chinese nobles, "perhaps in the hope of finding an occasion to claim rulership over China, or because the high birth of the mother warranted seniority". Esin notes that the later depiction of an Ashina prince, the Bust of Kul Tigin , has an East Asian appearance. According to Canadian scholar Joo-Yup Lee, it

170-671: Is a Hungarian historian and linguist. He was born in 1931 in Budapest . Róna-Tas studied under such preeminent professors as Gyula Ortutay and Lajos Ligeti , and received a degree in folklore and eastern linguistics ( Tibetan , Mongol , and Turkic .) From 1956, he worked at the Faculty of Humanities of the Eötvös Loránd University . In 1957–1958, Róna-Tas conducted anthropological fieldwork in Mongolia , studying

204-577: Is because they are descendants of the wolf, and naming so is for not forgetting their ancestors." According to Klyashtorny, the origin myth of Ashina shared similarities with the Wusun , although there is a significant difference that, whereas in the Wusun myth the wolf saves the ancestor of the tribe, it is not as in the case of the Turks. He also adds that Turk system of beliefs linking at least some sections of

238-628: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ashina tribe Primary Chinese sources ascribed different origins to the Ashina tribe. Ashina were first attested to 439, as reported by the Book of Sui : on the 18th day of the 10th month, the Tuoba ruler Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei overthrew Juqu Mujian of the Northern Liang in eastern Gansu , and 500 Ashina families fled northwest to

272-685: Is found in the official Chinese histories." Lee & Kuang state that the most likely explanation for the West Eurasian physiognomy of the Yenisei Kirghiz is a high frequency of the Eurasian Indo-European haplogroup R1a-Z93 . Muqan Qaghan , the third Qaghan of the First Turkic Khaganate , was described by Chinese authors as having an unusual appearance. He had eyes like "colored glazes", he had

306-615: Is possible that the Ashina tribe belonged to the paternal haplogroup R1a1 . The reasoning for this assumption is that the Ashina tribe was said to be closely related to the Yenisei Kirghiz people, and also to the Iranian Saka . The modern-day descendants of the Yenisei Kirghiz, the Kyrgyz people , have one of the highest frequencies of haplogroup R1a-Z93. This lineage believed to be associated with Indo-Iranians who migrated to

340-758: Is similar to the Sogdian form Ašinas from the Bugut and Karabalgasun steles and the Arabic forms Ašinās and Ašnās from medieval Islamic sources. Chinese editors usually avoided the coda /-s/. Takashi Ōsawa hypothtically derives the family name Ašїnas from their tribal ancestress's name * A-ši-na and the final element -as , which he explains as a plural suffix (similar to the Turkic Käŋäräs < Käŋär "( Kangar / Kangly )" + suffix -(ä)s) as proposed by Marquart, Melioranskii and others. He further links * A-ši-na to

374-565: The Chuvash and Mongol Languages", published as Linguistic Affinity in 1978. From 1968 to 2002, Róna-Tas was professor of Altaic Studies and Early Hungarian History at József Attila University in Szeged , where he is now a distinguished professor emeritus. He has published over 450 papers, monographs and reviews. His magnum opus , A honfoglaló magyar nép , was published in 1996 and an extended translated version, Hungarians and Europe in

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408-516: The Eastern Turks . This idea is seconded by Hungarian researcher András Róna-Tas , who finds it plausible "that we are dealing with a royal family and clan of Saka origin". Findley also said that the term böri , used to identify the ruler's retinue as 'wolves', probably also derived from one of the Iranian languages . H. W. Haussig and S. G. Kljyashtorny suggest an association between

442-630: The Göktürk Orkhon inscriptions , in which the Göktürks are described as the "Blue Turks"; being descended from the marriage between Blue Sky and the Brown Earth. According to Kuastornyj, the perfect translation of "Ashina" as an Indo-European word meaning "blue" indicates that the Türks of the First Turkic Khaganate period were aware of the non-Türkic origin of the name "Ashina", and of

476-860: The Rouran Khaganate near Gaochang . According to the Book of Zhou , History of the Northern Dynasties , and New Book of Tang , the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. but this is contested. Göktürks were also posited as having originated from an obscure Suo state (索國), north of the Xiongnu. According to the Book of Sui and the Tongdian , they were "mixed barbarians" ( 雜胡 ; záhú ) from Pingliang . According to some researchers (Duan, Xue, Tang, and Lung)

510-608: The Saka languages of central Asia and means "blue" (which translates to Proto-Turkic * kȫk , whence Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰚 kök , and same in all Modern Turkic languages). The color blue is identified with the east , so that Göktürk, another name for the Turkic empire, meant the "Turks of the East"; meanwhile, Peter Benjamin Golden favours a more limited denotation of Göktürks as denoting only

544-600: The Xiongnu title 閼氏, which was pronounced * ′ât-zie in Late Middle Chinese , meant "wife of a ruler", and might be derived from * aš / eš , * azhi / * ezhi < * ašïn / * ešin , and * azhïn / * ezhin , further from Tungusic * Aši < * asun / * asi < * hasun < * khasu < * kasun < * katsun and Turko - Mongolic * Ači < ačun < * hatun < khatun < katun . Chinese chroniclers recorded four origin tales, which Golden termed "Wolf Tale I", "Wolf Tale II", "Shemo (Žama) and

578-621: The Altai region in the Bronze Age, and is carried by various Türkic groups. American historian Peter Golden has reported that Y-DNA genetic testing of the proposed descendants of the Ashina tribe does seem to confirm a link to the Indo-Iranians , emphasizing that "the Turks as a whole ‘were made up of heterogeneous and somatically dissimilar populations". The first genetic analysis on an early royal Ashina member ( Empress Ashina ,

612-688: The Ashina clan was related to the "Yenisei Kyrgyz", who resided near the Pamir mountains and are described as possessing red hair and blue eyes in the New Book of Tang (Xin Tangshu 217b.6147), a description previously used to describe the Wusun. However according to Lee & Kuang (2017), the Göktürks differed from the Qirghiz in their physiognomy and "no comparable depiction of the Kök Türks or Tiele

646-546: The Ashina tribe intermarried with Chinese nobility, which shifted their physical appearance to a more East Asian one. According to Xue, having a physical appearance like a Sogdian was by the time of Qilibi Khan (Ashina Simo), an eighth generation descendant of Bumin Qaghan (founder of the First Turkic Khaganate), presented as a sign of mixed ancestry among the Ashina. This suggests that the transformation of

680-878: The Ashina tribe was descended from the Tiele confederation , who were likewise associated with the Xiongnu. Like the Göktürks , the Tiele were probably one of many nomadic Turkic peoples on the steppe. However, Lee & Kuang (2017) state that Chinese histories did not describe the Ashina-led Göktürks as descending from the Dingling or belonging to the Tiele confederation . Several researchers, including Peter B. Golden , H. W. Haussig, S. G. Klyashtorny, Carter V. Findley , D. G. Savinov, B. A. Muratov, S. P. Guschin, and András Róna-Tas have posited that

714-468: The Ashina, upon becoming the head of Göktürks , exhibited a tuğ banner with a wolf head over their gate in reminiscence of its origins, the name "Ashina" is translated by some researchers as "wolf", cf. Tuoba 叱奴 * čino , Middle Mongol činua , Khalkha čono . However, Golden contends that derivation from Mongolic is mistaken. On the Khor-Asgat inscription, the form Ašїnas is written and

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748-537: The Deer Tale" and "Historical Account", of the Turks in dynasty histories and historical compilations "based on or copied from the same source(s) and repeated in later collections of historical tales". These stories were sometimes pieced together to form a chronologically coherent narrative of early Ashina history. However, as the Book of Zhou , the Book of Sui , and the Youyang Zazu were all written around

782-741: The North-East Asian mtDNA haplogroup F1d . The Ashina individual was found to be genetically closer to East Asians than Turkic groups and was genetically closest to post-Iron Age Tungusic and Mongolic Steppe pastoralists, supporting the near-exclusively Northeast Asian origin of the Ashina tribe. The ancient Türkic royal family of the Göktürk Khaganate was found to share genetic affinities to post-Iron Age Tungusic and Mongolic pastoralists, while having heterogeneous relationships towards various later Turkic-speaking groups, suggesting genetic heterogeneity and multiple sources of origin for

816-734: The Turk ruling class to the Sogdians and, beyond them, to the Wusun . The Chronicle of Northern Zhou describes the funeral rites of the Ashina. The deceased were laid to rest in a tent, and animals would be sacrificed around the tent. Relatives of the deceased would ride horses around the tent and ritualistically cut themselves about the face as a display of mourning, or "blood tears". The individual and their belongings would then be incinerated. According to D. G. Savinov, no burials in South Siberia nor Central Asia that are fully consistent with

850-562: The culture, language, and folklore of the nomadic tribes in that country. During the mid-1960s, Róna-Tas focused his fieldwork on the Chuvash people of the middle Volga River basin. In 1964, Róna-Tas defended his candidates (CSc) degree, and finally in 1971, he earned a doctorate from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (DSc) with his thesis "The Theory of Linguistic Affinity and the Linguistic Relations between

884-548: The daughter of Mugan Khagan , second son of Bumin Khagan , the founder of the Göktürk Khaganate ) in 2023 by Xiaoming Yang et al. found nearly exclusively Northeast Asian ancestry (97.7%) next to a minor West-Eurasian component (2.3%). The West-Eurasian component corresponded to a single admixture event (possibly Afanasievo -related) dating to around 1566 ± 396 years before Ashina's lifetime (ie dating to c.  1000 BC ). The authors determined that Empress Ashina belonged to

918-461: The description of Ashina burials have been found. According to D. G. Savinov this may be for several reasons: It is thought that the rite of cremation which was adopted by the ruling elite did not spread among the common people of the Qaganate. This may be attributed to the different ethnic origin of the ruling family. According to the Book of Zhou and History of the Northern Dynasties ,

952-565: The dual ethnic origin of the early Türks. In the view of Louis Bazin , this knowledge was being suppressed in the Second Turkic Khaganate period by the Türkic nationalist policies of Bilge Qaghan . The name "Ashina" was recorded in ancient Muslim chronicles in these forms: Aś(i)nas ( al-Tabari ), Ānsa ( Hudud al-'Alam ), Śaba ( Ibn Khordadbeh ), Śana , Śaya ( Al-Masudi ). Based on Chinese sources' testament that

986-464: The later populations of the Turkic empire. This shows that the Ashina lineage had a dominating contribution on Mongolic and Tungusic speakers but limited contribution on Turkic-speaking populations. According to the authors, these findings "once again validates a cultural diffusion model over a demic diffusion model for the spread of Turkic languages" and refutes "the western Eurasian origin and multiple origin hypotheses" in favor of an East Asian origin for

1020-658: The name and the compound "kindred of Ashin" ahşaẽna (in Old Persian ). This is so even in East Turkestan ; then the desired form would be in the Sogdian ' xs' yn' k (-әhšēnē) "blue, dark"; Khotan-Saka (Brahmi) āşşeiņa (-āşşena) "blue", where a long -ā- emerged as development ahş-> āşş-; in Tocharian A āśna- "blue, dark" (from Khotan-Saka and Sogdian). There is textual support for either of these versions in

1054-508: The physical appearance of the Ashina tribe was almost complete by the mid-7th century AD. Both Shibi (609-619 AD) Khagan and Chuluo (604-612 AD) Khagan were doubtful of Qilibi Khan being Ashina because he resembled a Sogdian more than a Tujue(Turk) and prevented him from being a shad . Turkish historian Emel Esin noted that "the members of the Kök-Türk dynasty, and particularly Köl Tigin , had frankly Mongoloid features", probably as

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1088-650: The royal Ashina family. Members of the Ashina dynasty also ruled the Basmyls , and Karluk Yabghu 's State; and possibly also Khazars and Karakhanids (if the first Karakhanid ruler Bilge Kul Qadir Khan indeed descended from the Karluk Yabghus). According to some researchers, the Second Bulgarian Empire 's Asen dynasty might be descendants of Ashina. Andr%C3%A1s R%C3%B3na-Tas András Róna-Tas (born 30 December 1931)

1122-585: The same time, during the early Tang dynasty , it is debatable whether they could truly be considered chronological or rather should be considered competing versions of the Ashina's origin. The record of Turks in Zhoushu (written in the first half of the seventh century) describes the use of gold by Turks around the mid-fifth century: "(The Turks) put gold sculpture of wolf head on their tuğ banner ; their military men were called Fuli , that is, wolf in Chinese. It

1156-421: The term Ashina ultimately descends from an Indo-European source, possibly Tocharian or from one of the many Eastern Iranian tribal groups, such as the Saka and Wusun . Jonathan Ratcliffe supports this theory citing numerous academics that the Ashina ethnic core could have been Indo-Iranian culturally, speaking Sogdian or variant of Tocharian. Carter V. Findley assumes that the name "Ashina" comes from one of

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