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25-562: APALA was the successor to the Asian American Librarians Caucus (AALC), a discussion group within the ALA Office for Library Outreach Services. That discussion group was founded at the 1975 ALA Annual Conference, by Janet M. Suzuki , Henry Chang, and Yen-Tsai Feng. It was the first Asian-American library organization that served the pan Asian American librarian community. APALA itself was established in 1980,

50-478: A collective response among the Nisei to the conventional dilemmas of growing older. Some responded to internment with lawsuits and political action; and for others, poetry became an unplanned consequence: With new hope. We build new lives. Why complain when it rains? This is what it means to be free. Lawson Fusao Inada , Japanese American Historical Plaza , Portland, Oregon. The sansei became known as

75-530: Is a Japanese and North American English term used in parts of the world (mainly in South America and North America ) to refer to the children of children born to ethnically Japanese emigrants ( Issei ) in a new country of residence, outside of Japan. The nisei are considered the second generation, while grandchildren of the Japanese-born emigrants are called Sansei . The fourth generation

100-540: Is referred to as yonsei . The children of at least one nisei parent are called Sansei ; they are usually the first generation of whom a high percentage are mixed-race, given that their parents were (usually), themselves, born and raised in America. The character and uniqueness of the sansei is recognized in its social history. Although the earliest organized group of Japanese emigrants settled in Mexico in 1897,

125-618: Is the first Asian American in US history to be a four-star general , and the first to lead one of the four US military services. Within Japanese-Canadian communities across Canada, three distinct subgroups developed, each with different sociocultural referents, generational identities, and wartime experiences. Among the approximately 80,000 Peruvians of Japanese descent, the Sansei Japanese Peruvians comprise

150-523: The Sansei there is an overwhelming percentage of marriages to persons of non-Japanese ancestry. The kanreki (還暦), a traditional, pre-modern Japanese rite of passage to old age at 60, was sometimes celebrated by the Issei and is now being celebrated by increasing numbers of Nisei and a few Sansei . Rituals are enactments of shared meanings, norms, and values and this Japanese rite of passage highlights

175-635: The generation with the Japanese word for generation ( sei 世). The Japanese-American and Japanese-Canadian communities have themselves distinguished their members with terms like Issei , Nisei and Sansei which describe the first, second and third generation of immigrants. The fourth generation is called Yonsei (四世) and the fifth is called Gosei (五世). The Issei , Nisei and Sansei generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, religious belief and practice and other matters. The age when individuals faced

200-620: The redress movement of the 1980s, which resulted in an official apology to the internees. In some senses, the Sansei seem to feel they are caught in a dilemma between their "quiet" Nisei parents and their other identity model of "verbal" and outspoken Americans. In the United States, an iconic Sansei is General Eric Shinseki (born November 28, 1942, 34th Chief of Staff of the United States Army (1999–2003) and former United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs . He

225-479: The "activist generation" because of their large hand in the redress movement and individuals that have become a part of the American mainstream political landscape. The numbers of sansei who have earned some degree of public recognition has continued to increase over time; but the quiet lives of those whose names are known only to family and friends are no less important in understanding the broader narrative of

250-1258: The ALA headquarters have no records of her work. Much of what is known and written about her life is written in an article by Kenneth Yamashita ("Asian/Pacific American Librarians Association— A History of APALA and Its Founders"; see below under Bibliography), who worked with Suzuki from 1975 to 1978 in the Chicago Public Library and stayed in contact with her until her death in 1987. Suzuki, J. (1976), Asian Americans and libraries, The ALA yearbook: A review of library events for 1975 (pp. 88–89). Chicago: American Library Association. ISSN   0364-1597 Suzuki, J.,& Yamashita, K. A. (1977). Asian American public librarians. In E.J. Josey & K. E. Peeples Jr. (Eds.), Opportunities for minorities in librarianship. Metuchen, NJ: Scare-crow Press. ISBN   0-8108-1022-0 Yamashita, Kenneth A. (2000), Asian/Pacific American Librarians Association— A History of APALA and Its Founders , Library Trends 49 (1) 2000: Ethnic Diversity in Library and Information Science: 88–109. Sansei Sansei ( 三世 , "third generation")

275-1040: The Associations of Ethnic Librarians. The Joint Council of Librarians of Color (JCLC, Inc.) was founded in June 2015 as an organization “that advocates for and addresses the common needs of the American Library Association ethnic affiliates“; these ethnic affiliates include the APALA, as well as the American Indian Library Association , the Black Caucus of the American Library Association , the Chinese American Librarians Association , and REFORMA : The National Association to Promote Library & Information Services to Latinos and

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300-567: The Japan that newer immigrants had more recently left. These differing attitudes, social values and associations with Japan were often incompatible with each other. In this context, the significant differences in post-war experiences and opportunities did nothing to mitigate the gaps which separated generational perspectives. In North America since the redress victory in 1988, a significant evolutionary change has occurred. The Sansei , their parents, their grandparents, and their children are changing

325-634: The South American nation. Most American Sansei were born during the Baby Boom after the end of World War II ; older Sansei , who were living in the western United States during the war, were forcibly incarcerated with their parents ( Nisei ) and grandparents ( Issei ) after Executive Order 9066 was promulgated to exclude everyone of Japanese descent from the West Coast and from Southern Arizona . The Sansei were forceful activists in

350-519: The Spanish Speaking. In 2020, Patty Wong , former APALA President, was elected as the first Asian American president of ALA for 2021-2022. In 2021, Lessa Kananiʻopua Pelayo-Lozada , former APALA President, was elected as ALA's first Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander American president for 2022-2023. APALA publishes a quarterly newsletter and meets annually at ALA conferences. It also provides scholarships to library school students and awards

375-527: The United States or Canada to parents born in the United States or Canada, is called Sansei (三世). Children born to the Nisei were generally born after 1945. They speak English as their first language and are completely acculturized in the contexts of Canadian or American society. They tend to identify with Canadian or American values, norms and expectations. Few speak Japanese and most tend to express their identity as Canadian or American rather than Japanese. Among

400-546: The annual Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature , which honor books by or about Asian Pacific Americans. Executive Directors of APALA serves three-year terms and as ex officio of the Executive Board. Past and current executive directors of APALA are: Presidents of APALA serve three-year terms, including one as Vice-President/President Elect and one as Past President. Past and current presidents of APALA are: Janet M. Suzuki Janet Suzuki (1943 – 1987)

425-538: The four largest populations of Japanese and their descendants are in Brazil , the United States , Canada , and Perú . Brazil is home to the largest Japanese population outside of Japan , with an estimate of more than 1.5 million people (including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity), more than that of the 1.2 million in the United States . The Sansei Japanese of Brazil are an important ethnic minority in

450-524: The largest number. Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori , who was in office from 28 July 1990 until 22 November 2000, was the nisei son of Issei emigrants from Kumamoto City , Kumamoto Prefecture , Japan. Japanese-Americans and Japanese-Canadians have special names for each of their generations in North America. These are formed by combining one of the Japanese numbers corresponding to

475-758: The pan Asian American librarian community. It was the predecessor to the Asian/Pacific American Librarians Association . Suzuki was born in Westboro, Ohio . She graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1968. In 1969, she received her MSLS degree from the University of Denver . She worked for her whole career at the Chicago Public Library , providing reference services in their business, science, and technology-related divisions. Suzuki

500-423: The remaining 20% belonged to 13 additional ethnic groups. In 2006, APALA took part in the first Joint Conference of Librarians of Color, along with the American Indian Library Association , the Black Caucus of the American Library Association , the Chinese American Librarians Association , and REFORMA . This conference was the first national conference sponsored and held by those organizations, which are known as

525-405: The wartime evacuation and internment is the single, most significant factor which explains these variations in their experiences, attitudes and behaviour patterns. The term Nikkei (日系) encompasses all of the world's Japanese immigrants across generations. The collective memory of the Issei and older Nisei was an image of Meiji Japan from 1870 through 1911, which contrasted sharply with

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550-469: The way they look at themselves and their pattern of accommodation to the non-Japanese majority. There are currently just over one hundred thousand British Japanese , mostly in London ; but unlike other Nikkei communities elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms as Issei , Nisei or Sansei . The third generation of immigrants, born in

575-506: Was a Japanese-American librarian . Feeling that the needs of Asian American librarians were unrepresented and underserved by the American Library Association , she co-founded the Asian American Librarians Caucus (AALC) in 1975, with Henry Chang and Yen-Tsai Feng. The AALC was a discussion group within the ALA Office for Library Outreach Services, and was the first Asian-American library organization that served

600-539: Was a Sansei (third generation Japanese-American). She held a number of positions in the Asian-American library community and the Asian American community at large: Suzuki began to have serious health problems in the late 1970s. She retired from the Chicago Public Library in the 1980s and died from complications from lupus in 1987. Little has been recorded about Suzuki's life. The Suzuki family and

625-531: Was incorporated in 1981, and became part of the ALA in 1982. The founders of APALA included Lourdes Collantes, Suzine Har Nicolescu , Sharad Karkhanis , Conchita Pineda, Henry Chang, Betty Tsai, and Tamiye Trejo Meehan. Asian Pacific Americans comprise one of the four ethnic/racial groups that is underrepresented in the library profession as compared to the U.S. population as a whole. As of 1997, APALA had approximately 300 members, of whom 40% were Chinese, 16% were Korean, 14% were East Indian, 10% were Filipino, and

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