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35-608: When the Baro-Bhuiyans were in power in Bengal, Atpara was a part of the Sarkar Bazuhar. It later became part of the parganas of Sirujial and Mymensingh. The zamindar (landlord) of Mymensingh Pargana, Brajendra Kishore Roy Chowdhury of Gouripur named this area as Brajer Bazaar (Braj's market) after himself. It was later renamed to Atpara, although some locals may still refer to it today as Brajer Bazaar. During

70-449: A Bengali Hindu zamindar , was noted to be very cruel and abusive towards the local inhabitants. He had certain regulations such as no one being allowed to pass his front yard wearing shoes or slippers. The social reformers organised people against this humiliation, rising against Biswas. Their revolution was soon followed in other parts of the district. Amati became a symbol of revolution against tyrant landlords. On 21 August 1917, Atpara

105-425: A population of 144,624. 39,623 (27.40%) were under 10 years of age. Atpara has a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 38.70%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1005 females per 1000 males. 9,687 (6.70%) lived in urban areas. As of the 1991 Bangladesh census , Atpara had a population of 120491. Males constituted 51.15% of the population, and females 48.85%. This Upazila's eighteen up population

140-624: Is 60858. Atpara has an average literacy rate of 24% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate. Atpara Thana was formed in 1926 and it was turned into an upazila on 2 July 1983. Atpara Upazila is divided into seven union parishads : Baniyajan, Duoj, Lunesshor, Shormushia, Shunoi, Sukhari, and Teligati. The union parishads are subdivided into 139 mauzas and 177 villages. Baro-Bhuiyan The Baro-Bhuyans (or Baro-Bhuyan Raj ; also Baro-Bhuians and Baro-Bhuiyans ) were confederacies of soldier-landowners in Assam and Bengal in

175-655: Is a branch of the Bar Baro Bhuyan that split and went west. By the mid 16th century, all the Adi Bhuyans power was crushed, and they remained satisfied with what service they could render to the Ahom state as Baruwas or Phukans , Tamulis or Pachanis. During the first expedition of Chilarai against the Ahom kingdom, they aligned with the Ahoms (which Chilarai lost), but during the second expedition they aligned with

210-463: Is spoken by 6.09 million people representing 22.1% of the valley, Hindi is spoken by 2.1 million comprising 7.61% of the region, Bodo is spoken by 1.41 million comprising 5.13% of the valley's population and 2.88 million people speak various indigenous tribal languages of Assam, such as Santali , Karbi , Lalung , Hmar , Deori , Rabha , Mishing , Koch , Rajbangshi , Sadri, Garo , Dimasa , Gondi, Savara, Gorkha , Halam, Ao and Motak. Religions in

245-586: The Ahom Buranjis , where it is recorded that they were instrumental in ending the rule of the Kachari and Chutia kingdom. As a reward, the Ahom king Suhungmung (1497–1539) settled these Bhuyans in Kalabari , Gohpur , Kalangpur and Narayanpur as tributary feudal lords. Over time, these Bhuyans grew very powerful but they were later subjugated by the Ahom king Jayadhwaj Singha . The Saru Baro Bhuyan

280-594: The Chutiya kingdom in the north bank. These included areas of Nagaon , Darrang and Sonitpur districts. Subsequently, the Baro Bhuyan rules ended in the 16th century as they were squeezed between the Kachari kingdom and the Kamata kingdom in the west and were slowly overpowered by the expanding Ahom kingdom in the east. In Bengal, the most prominent Baro-Bhuyan confederacy was led by Isa Khan of Sonargaon in

315-644: The Koches (which Chilarai won). Chilarai appointed Uzir Bamun, Tapashi Laskar and Malamulya Laskar as Rajkhowas in Uttarkula after he annexed the territories up to Subansiri River in 1563 AD. This group was finally subjugated by Prataap Singha in 1623, who relocated them to the south bank of the Brahmaputra. The Saru Bhuyans, who had moved west after the conflict with the Bor Baro-Bhuyans trace

350-677: The Mughal period , a three-domed mosque was constructed in between the villages of Shormushia and Haripur. An established Hindu zamindar family later formed in the village of Rameshwarpur. The remnants of the family palace (Roy Bari) remains a popular tourist site. The Village of Amati in Teligati Union, Atpara is quite notable. Social reformers such as Sonafor Uddin, Muktul Husayn Khan, Shariat Khan, Anfar Uddin, Manfar Uddin and Jafar Uddin were born in Amati. During British period, Shyam Biswas,

385-542: The 16th century, which emerged during the disintegration of the Bengal Sultanate in the region, as a resistance to the Mughal expansion . They carved the land of Bhati and other areas of Bengal into twelve administrative units or Dwadas Bangla . The Baro-Bhuyans gradually succumbed to the Mughal dominance and eventually lost control during the reign of emperor Jahangir , under the leadership of Islam Khan I ,

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420-456: The 16th century. Baro denotes the number twelve, but in general there were more than twelve chiefs or landlords, and the word baro meant many. Thus, Bhuyan-raj denoted individual Bhuyanship, whereas Baro-Bhuyan denoted temporary confederacies that they formed. In times of aggression by external powers, they generally cooperated in defending and expelling the aggressor. In times of peace, they maintained their respective sovereignty. In

455-650: The Brahmaputra Valley (2011) Out of 27,580,977 people living in the Brahmaputra Valley, a majority of 17,368,618 profess to the Hindu faith, a large minority of 8,934,387 people profess to the Islamic faith, 1,107,192 people profess to the Christian faith and around 170,780 people profess to other faiths such as Buddhism , Jainism , Sikhism and Animism . The major cities in the valley are Guwahati ,

490-674: The Candivara group later. In due course, members of these Bhuyans became powerful. Alauddin Husain Shah , who ended the Khen dynasty by displacing Nilambar in 1498, extended his rule up to the Barnadi river by defeating Harup Narayan who was a descendant of Gandharva-raya, a Bhuyan from the second group established by Durlabhnarayana at Bausi ( Chota raja of Bausi), among others. The Baro-Bhuyans retaliated and were instrumental in ending

525-656: The condition that individual domains were self-administered, economically self-sufficient and capable of surviving the fragmentation of central authority, when the Kamarupa kingdom finally collapsed in the 12th century. Guha (1983) claims that the Baro-Bhuyan emerged in the 13th century from the fragmented remains of the Kamarupa chieftains. Nevertheless, not all local Kamarupa administrators ( samanta ) became Bhuyans and many were later-day migrant adventurers from North India. Though there exists many legendary accounts of

560-517: The country and in one instance the Bhutiyas captured Rajadhara, the son of Candivara. Candivara chased the Bhutiyas as far as Daimara between Maguri (near Changsari town ) and Dewangiri (in Bhutan ), killed few of them and released his son from captivity. In next four or five years, the people of Lengamaguri finding that Bhutiyas were planning an attack in retaliation decided to hand over Candivara as

595-624: The domain of Dharmanarayana. As a result of a treaty between Dharmanarayana and Durlabhnarayana of Kamata kingdom, a group of seven Kayastha (in Assam, they are commonly known as the Kalita caste) and seven Brahmin families led by Candivara was transferred to Langamaguri, a few miles north of present-day Guwahati . During the harvesting season in Lengamaguri, the Bhutiyas attacked and looted

630-591: The end of the Karrani Dynasty (1564–1575), the nobles of Bengal became fiercely independent. Sulaiman Khan Karrani carved out an independent principality in the Bhati region comprising a part of greater Dhaka district and parts of Mymensingh district . During that period Taj Khan Karrani and another Afghan chieftain helped Isa Khan to obtain an estate in Sonargaon and Mymensingh in 1564. By winning

665-618: The genealogy of Candivara to Kanvajara, the eldest son of Sumanta, but this is not given credence. The later Baro-Bhuyans had ensconced themselves between the Kachari kingdom in the east and the Kamata kingdom in the west on the south bank of the Brahmaputra River . According to Neog, the leader ( shiromani ) of the group, Chandivara, was originally a ruler of Kannauj , who had to flee due to Firuz Shah Tughlaq 's 1353 campaign against Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah and reached Gauda ,

700-535: The governor of Bengal Subah . Epigraphic sources indicate that the Kamarupa state had entered a state of fragmentation in the 9th century when the tradition of granting away police, revenue and administrative rights to the donee of lands became common. This led to the creation of a class of landed intermediary between the king and his subjects—the members of which held central administrative offices, maintained economic and administrative links with in their own domain and propagated Indo-Aryan culture. This gave rise to

735-895: The grace of the Afghan chieftain, Isa Khan gradually increased his strength and status and by 1571, the Mughal Court designated him as the ruler of Bhati. Mughal histories, mainly the Akbarnama , the Ain-i-Akbari and the Baharistan-i-Ghaibi refers to the low-lying regions of Bengal as Bhati. This region includes the Bhagirathi to the Meghna River is Bhati, while others include Hijli, Jessore , Chandradwip and Barisal Division in Bhati. Keeping in view

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770-495: The late Middle Ages and the early modern period. They were predominantly Bengali Muslims . The confederacies consisted of loosely independent entities, each led by a warrior chief or a landlord. The tradition of Baro-Bhuyan is peculiar to both Assam and Bengal. In Assam, this phenomenon came into prominence in the 13th century when they resisted the invasion of Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah and in Bengal when they resisted Mughal rule in

805-588: The most productive soils in the world. The Brahmaputra River flows from Assam to Bangladesh where it meets the Ganges River to form the world's largest delta and finally flows into the Bay of Bengal in the south. The majority of the people of the valley are Hindus , mostly speaking the Assamese language . The valley is more populous and prosperous than the rest of the region because of its accessibility to

840-522: The origin of the Baro Bhuyan these accounts are often vague and contradictory. This original group is often referred to as the Adi Bhuyan , or the progenitor Bhuyans. The Adi-charita written in the late 17th century is the only manuscript which mentions the Adi-Bhuyan group. However, Maheswar Neog has called the account as spurious or fabricated. Nevertheless, their presence is recorded in

875-483: The person responsible for the massacre of the Bhutiyas. The Bhutiyas chased Candivara as far as Rauta (in present-day Udalguri district ) but had to suffer defeat at the hands of the Baro-Bhuyans. Candivara and his group in search of a safe haven did not stay in Lengamaguri for long and moved soon to Bordowa in present-day Nagaon district with the support of Durlabhnarayana. Among the descendants of Candivara

910-567: The petty chieftains—the remaining fragments of the erstwhile Kamarupa state. They often resisted foreign invasions (Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah in the 13th century), removed foreign rule ( Hussain Shah in the 16th century) and sometimes usurped state power ( Arimatta in the 14th century). They occupied the region west of the Kachari kingdom in the south bank of the Brahmaputra river , and west of

945-464: The presence of a strong king, they offered their allegiance. In general each of them were in control of a group of villages, called cakala , and the more powerful among them called themselves raja . The rulers of the Bhuyanships belonged to different ethnic, religious or social backgrounds. In 13th century Brahmaputra valley the system of Baro-Bhuyan Raj (confederacy) was formed from

980-668: The regions of Goalpara and Kamrup ; the Central Brahmaputra Valley region covering Darrang , Nagaon and the North Bank and Eastern Brahmaputra Valley comprising districts of Sonitpur , Lakhimpur , Dibrugarh and Sibsagar . The Teesta River in North Bengal also drains into Brahmaputra River . The Brahmaputra Valley has a total area of 71,516 km with containing 27 districts. Brahmaputra Valley with its rainforest-like climate contains some of

1015-667: The reign of Jahangir . Isa Khan was the leader of the Baro Bhuiyans (twelve landlords) and a zamindar of the Bhati region in medieval Bengal. Throughout his reign he put resistance against Mughal invasion. It was only after his death, when the region went totally under Mughals . The Jesuit mission who sent to Bengal managed to identify that 3 of the chieftains were Hindus, they were Ramchandra Basu of Chandradwip , Bakla (Barisal), Surendranath Sur of Present Southern West Bengal, and Pratapaditya of Chandechan, Jessore while

1050-420: The rest of the country. The Brahmaputra Valley has a population of 27,580,977 as per the 2011 census. Languages spoken in Brahmaputra Valley (2011) The population of the Brahmaputra Valley is 27,580,977 according to the 2011 census report by the Assam government. Assamese is the official language of the Brahmaputra Valley and is spoken by 15.1 million people comprising 55.65% of the valley population. Bengali

1085-566: The rest were Muslims during Isa Khan's rule. Nalini Kanta Bhattasali affirms that there were more than twelve Bhuiyans, with the word baro signifying a large number. Brahmaputra valley The Brahmaputra Valley (also Assam Valley) is a region situated between hill ranges of the eastern and northeastern Himalayan range in Eastern India. The valley consists of the Western Brahmaputra Valley covering

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1120-824: The rule of Alauddin Husain Shah via his son Shahzada Danyal . But very soon, the rise of Biswa Singha of the Koch dynasty in Kamata destroyed their hold in Kamrup and squeezed those in the Nagaon region against the Kacharis to their east. They had to relocate to the north bank of the Brahmaputra in the first quarter of the 16th century, to a region west of the Bor Baro-Bhuyan group. The increasing Koch and Ahom conflicts further ate away at their independence and sovereignty. At

1155-813: The theatre of warfare between the Baro-Bhuiyans and the Mughals, the Baharistan-i-Ghaibi mentions the limits of the area bounded by the Ichamati River in the west, the Ganges in the south, the Tripura to the east; Alapsingh pargana (in present Mymensingh District ) and Baniachang (in greater Sylhet ) in the north. The Baro-Bhuiyans rose to power in this region and put up resistance to the Mughals, until Islam Khan Chisti made them submit in

1190-603: Was Srimanta Sankardeva . After the death of Candivara, Rajadhara became the Baro-Bhuyan. During the late 14th century, Gadadhara Bar-bhuya, the younger brother of Rajadhara in order to increase his influence collected an army in Bordowa and attacked the Chutiyas and Khamtis but was held captive, he was later set free and had to settle in Makhibaha (in present-day Nalbari district ). A second group of five Bhuyans joined

1225-608: Was made a thana. During the Bangladesh Liberation War , freedom fighters attacked the Atpara Thana on 19 August 1971. They killed a number of Razakars as well as the officer-in-charge of the thana, and they also looted arms and ammunition from the thana. On 7 October, a battle was fought leading to the death of three more Razakars. Atpara was made an upazila on 2 July 1983. According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh , Atpara Upazila had 31,437 households and

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