53-625: Aurora Gaming , or simply Aurora (stylized in all caps ), is an esports organization. Founded in Serbia in 2022, Aurora currently fields professional rosters in Apex Legends , Counter-Strike 2 ( CS2 ), Dota 2 , and Mobile Legends: Bang Bang ( MLBB ) competitions. Its MLBB team is based in the Philippines. Aurora Gaming was founded in 2022 in Serbia. Their main sponsor/partner
106-677: A Canadian company which provides capital and advisory services to esports teams, announced a strategic investment in Talon Esports on 18 November 2019. Sean Zhang, CEO and co-founder of Talon Esports, announced on 12 October 2020 that his organisation had secured US$ 2 million in seed funding from investors. On 6 May 2024, the Esports World Cup Foundation, funded by the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund and organizers of
159-689: A commonly preferred alternative to all caps text is the use of small caps to emphasise key names or acronyms (for example, Text in Small Caps ), or the use of italics or (more rarely) bold . In addition, if all caps must be used it is customary to slightly widen the spacing between the letters, by around 10 per cent of the point height. This practice is known as tracking or letterspacing. Some digital fonts contain alternative spacing metrics for this purpose. Messages completely in capital letters are often equated on social media to shouting and other impolite or argumentative behaviors. This became
212-483: A computer program shouting at its user. Information technology journalist Lee Hutchinson described Microsoft's using the practice as "LITERALLY TERRIBLE ... [it] doesn't so much violate OS X's design conventions as it does take them out behind the shed, pour gasoline on them, and set them on fire." In programming, writing in all caps (possibly with underscores replacing spaces ) is an identifier naming convention in many programming languages that symbolizes that
265-495: A delicate scanning of characters (from a damaged image that needs further contextual text correction). Depending on the typeface , these similarities accidentally create various duplicates (even quite briefly and without realizing it when reading). E.g. H/A, F/E or I/T by adding a bar; P/R, O/Q, even C/G from similar errors; V/U, D/O, even B/S while rounding the shape; and more deformations implying mixings. Adding digits in all caps styled texts may multiply these confusions, which
318-399: A mainstream interpretation with the advent of networked computers, from the 1980s onward. However, a similar interpretation was already evidenced by written sources that predated the computing era, in some cases by at least a century, and the textual display of shouting or emphasis was still not a settled matter by 1984. The following sources may be relevant to the history of all caps: Before
371-532: A slowed speed is possible – but in principle too many factors of low legibility are involved." Other critics are of the opinion that all caps letters in text are often "too tightly packed against each other". Besides the aforementioned speed of reading, all caps is can be prone to character -based ambiguities. Namely, the upper-case letters are globally simpler than their lower-case counterpart. For example, they lack ascenders and descenders . Since they are built from fewer positional and building elements (e.g.
424-416: A smaller grid pertaining to minimalist digital fonts), they are more fragile to small changes. These variations, generally involuntary but sometimes induced on purpose, are caused by a misinterpretation (the information is transferred) or by a deterioration (the data is lost, in the analysis wording). They can occur horizontally and/or vertically, while misreading (without this extra effort or time), or during
477-972: A spot in the Korean Contenders Trials after the Pacific Contenders was discontinued. The team disbanded in September 2022. Talon Esports announced in April 2023 that it would enter the Pokémon Unite Championship Series with an all-Filipino roster. The team will compete in the APAC-East Regional Qualifiers, where the top three teams get the chance to compete in the 2023 Pokémon World Championships in Yokohama , Japan . The team also has multiple opportunities to qualify for
530-663: A term is conspicuous, we look at more than formatting. A term that appears in capitals can still be inconspicuous if it is hidden on the back of a contract in small type. Terms that are in capitals but also appear in hard-to-read type may flunk the conspicuousness test. A sentence in capitals, buried deep within a long paragraph in capitals will probably not be deemed conspicuous...it is entirely possible for text to be conspicuous without being in capitals. Certain musicians—such as Marina , Finneas , who are both known mononymously, and MF DOOM —as well as some bands such as Haim and Kiss —have their names stylised in all caps. Additionally, it
583-541: Is 1xBet . In November 2023, their CS2 roster appeared in an ad campaign with Russian adult film actress Eva Elfie ; the ad received criticism, with some fans calling it "misogynistic". 1xBet is one of both Aurora's and Elfie's main sponsors. A Serbian org, Aurora competes in the EMEA region for the Apex Legends Global Series (ALGS) competition. Aurora played with an all-Russian squad to being
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#1732798159100636-403: Is an "apparent consensus" that lower-case text is more legible, but that some editors continue to use all caps in text regardless. In his studies of all caps in headlines , he states that, "Editors who favor capitals claim that they give greater emphasis. Those who prefer lower case claim their preferences gives greater legibility." Wheildon, who informs us that "When a person reads a line of type,
689-615: Is common for bands with vowelless names (a process colourfully known as " disemvoweling ") to use all caps, with prominent examples including STRFKR , MSTRKRFT , PWR BTTM , SBTRKT , JPNSGRLS (now known as Hotel Mira), BLK JKS , MNDR , and DWNTWN . Miles Tinker , renowned for his landmark work, Legibility of Print , performed scientific studies on the legibility and readability of all-capital print. His findings were as follows: All-capital print greatly retards speed of reading in comparison with lower-case type. Also, most readers judge all capitals to be less legible. Faster reading of
742-435: Is less legible and readable than lower-case text. In addition, switching to all caps may make text appear hectoring and obnoxious for cultural reasons, since all-capitals is often used in transcribed speech to indicate that the speaker is shouting. All-caps text is common in comic books, as well as on older teleprinter and radio transmission systems, which often do not indicate letter case at all. In professional documents,
795-726: Is one aim of Leet (intentional pseudo duplicates) and can provide simple means of concealing messages (often numbers). Talon Esports Talon Esports is a professional esports organisation based in Hong Kong with teams competing across the Asia Pacific . Its League of Legends team is partnered with PSG Esports and known as PSG Talon . PSG Talon competes in the Pacific Championship Series . Riot Games announced on 19 December 2019 that Talon Esports would be one of ten teams participating in
848-483: The 2021 Mid-Season Invitational (MSI 2021) due to recurring cases of pneumothorax . He was replaced with Beyond Gaming's Chiu "Doggo" Tzu-chuan. For the group stage of MSI 2021, PSG Talon was placed in Group B, along with Europe's MAD Lions , Brazil's paiN Gaming , and Turkey's Istanbul Wildcats. PSG Talon finished second in their group with a 4–2 win–loss record, only losing to first-place MAD Lions, and qualified for
901-458: The 2021 World Championship and their fourth consecutive PCS finals, where they defeated Beyond Gaming after another close series. PSG Talon's first-place finish in the 2021 summer split qualified them for the main event of the 2021 World Championship. The team was placed in Group C, along with China's Royal Never Give Up , South Korea's Hanwha Life Esports , and Europe's Fnatic . PSG Talon finished third in their group and failed to qualify for
954-566: The ASCII table , so can display both alphabets, but all caps only. Mikrosha is switchable to KOI-7N1, in this mode, it can display both caps and lower-case, but in Cyrillic only. Other Soviet computers, such as BK0010 , MK 85 , Corvette and Agat-9 , use 8-bit encoding called KOI-8R, they can display both Cyrillic and Latin in caps and lower-case. Many, but not all NES games use all caps because of tile graphics, where charset and tiles share
1007-402: The "rumble" stage of the tournament. PSG Talon finished third out of six teams in the rumble stage, advancing to the knockout stage. In the semifinals, China's Royal Never Give Up eliminated PSG Talon from the tournament after a four-game series. PSG Talon placed first in the 2021 PCS Summer regular season, finishing undefeated. After sweeping J Team in the semifinals, PSG Talon qualified for
1060-573: The 1990s, more than three-quarters of newspapers in the western world used lower-case letters in headline text. Discussion regarding the use of all caps for headlines centers on the greater emphasis offered by all caps versus the greater legibility offered by lower-case letters. Colin Wheildon conducted a scientific study with 224 readers who analyzed various headline styles and concluded that "Headlines set in capital letters are significantly less legible than those set in lower case." All caps typography
1113-611: The 2022–23 (ALGS Year 3) season, with the players previously completing on Team Empire roster, from which they were dropped when Team Empire left competitive Apex in August 2022. On 4 November, Aurora signed the roster consisting of "RANCHES", "cleaveee", and "Maliwan". In EMEA play, Aurora was dominant during Split 1, winning the region. This qualified them for the Split 1 playoffs, but they encountered visa issues which marred Aurora all season. These visa issues rendered them unable to play in
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#17327981591001166-482: The 2024 ALGS Split 1 Playoffs LAN location, in order for players to be proactive in applying for travel visas. Other pro players spoke up in solidarity of 9impulse. Heading into the 2024 ALGS Split 1 Playoffs, Hadley Vincent of Dot Esports wrote that "Aurora is known by most as a wildcard team", and cited professional player " Zer0 " of DarkZero concurring with that assessment. They are also known as an aggressive team, with their play notably unorthodox in relation to
1219-452: The 5 and 10-minute time limits, and 13.9 percent for the whole 20-minute period". Tinker concluded that, "Obviously, all-capital printing slows reading to a marked degree in comparison with Roman lower case." Tinker provides the following explanations for why all capital printing is more difficult to read: Text in all capitals covers about 35 percent more printing surface than the same material set in lower case. This would tend to increase
1272-602: The ALGS Split 1 Playoffs, held in London. During the ALGS Split 2 Pro League, Aurora had a middling performance and Alexey "Mailwan" Rusinov stepped down from the active roster, with Danila "Sunset" Soloviov filling the vacant roster spot. Their performance improved and they were able to qualify for the Split 2 Playoffs as the EMEA region's ninth seed. However, visa issues further complicated Aurora's competitive efforts, as Sunset
1325-651: The coaching team would be composed of Ronjell "Hatred", RC "Shura" Perandos, and Robert "Einn" Magsaysay. Anatoly "Wrugb" Belousov Source: Stepan "brain" Sivoronov Latest roster transaction: 5 April 2024 lattykk was previously on Aurora.. Source: Lee "Sunbhie" Jeong-jae Latest roster transaction: 16 March 2024. Source: All caps In typography , text or font in all caps (short for " all capitals ") contains capital letters without any lowercase letters. For example: THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG. All-caps text can be seen in legal documents, advertisements , newspaper headlines , and
1378-399: The departure of Tank on 31 October 2021 and the signing of Huang "Maple" Yi-tang as his replacement on 10 December. PSG Talon finished first in the 2021 PCS Spring regular season, losing only a single game to second-place Beyond Gaming . The team later reached their third consecutive PCS finals and swept Beyond Gaming to win their second PCS title. Unified was unable to participate in
1431-462: The development of lower-case letters in the 8th century, texts in the Latin alphabet were written in a single case, which is now considered to be capital letters. Text in all caps is not widely used in body copy . The main exception to this is the so-called fine print in legal documents. Capital letters have been widely used in printed headlines from the early days of newspapers until the 1950s. In
1484-534: The evidence that all-capital printing retards speed of reading to a striking degree in comparison with lower case and is not liked by readers, it would seem wise to eliminate such printing whenever rapid reading and consumer (reader) views are of importance. Examples of this would include any continuous reading material, posters, bus cards, billboards, magazine advertising copy, headings in books, business forms and records, titles of articles, books and book chapters, and newspaper headlines. Colin Wheildon stated that there
1537-538: The eye recognizes letters by the shapes of their upper halves", asserts that recognizing words in all caps "becomes a task instead of a natural process". His conclusions, based on scientific testing in 1982–1990, are: "Headlines set in capital letters are significantly less legible than those set in lower case." John Ryder , in the Case for Legibility , stated that "Printing with capital letters can be done sufficiently well to arouse interest and, with short lines, reading at
1590-404: The finals where they faced off against Machi Esports . Talon Esports came out on top after a close series and won their first PCS title. On 18 June 2020, Talon Esports announced that its League of Legends team had partnered with PSG Esports and would henceforth compete as PSG Talon. Mid laner Park "Tank" Dan-won was brought in as a substitute for the summer split, but was later promoted to
1643-429: The first day of competition, including an upset victory over group favourites LGD Gaming . PSG Talon later topped their group and qualified for the tournament's main event. PSG Talon was placed in Group B for the main event, along with South Korea's DAMWON Gaming , China's JD Gaming , and Europe's Rogue . PSG Talon finished third in their group with a 2–4 win-loss record, ending their Worlds run. PSG Talon announced
Aurora Gaming - Misplaced Pages Continue
1696-681: The game's meta. Aurora Gaming also fields rosters in Counter-Strike 2 ( CS2) and Dota 2 . Aurora's CS2 roster won the Skyesports Masters 2024 tournament, defeating OG by a score of 3–1. The win clinched a berth in the Skyesports Championship 2024 tournament. On 13 November 2023, Aurora signed the former Talon Esports roster, the strongest in the Southeast Asia (SEA) region, after Talon and
1749-569: The given identifier represents a constant . A practice exists (most commonly in Francophone countries) of distinguishing the surname from the rest of a personal name by stylizing the surname only in all caps. This practice is also common among Japanese, when names are spelled using Roman letters. In April 2013, the U.S. Navy moved away from an all caps-based messaging system, which was begun with 1850s-era teleprinters that had only uppercase letters. The switch to mixed-case communications
1802-414: The knockout stage. Cheng "CorGi" Pin-lun Roster updated 17 December 2023. Talon Esports extended its partnership with KFC on 31 January 2022 and gave the fast food chain naming rights to its Arena of Valor team. The team was subsequently rebranded as KFC Talon Esports . Chakapon "MistGunz" Pompranee Lee Pattarapol Latest roster transaction: 6 August 2023. Talon Esports joined
1855-567: The lower-case print is due to the characteristic word forms furnished by this type. This permits reading by word units, while all capitals tend to be read letter by letter. Furthermore, since all-capital printing takes at least one-third more space than lower case, more fixation pauses are required for reading the same amount of material. The use of all capitals should be dispensed with in every printing situation. According to Tinker, "As early as 1914, Starch reported that material set in Roman lower case
1908-471: The newly created Pacific Championship Series. Talon Esports' inaugural roster consisted of top laner Su "Hanabi" Chia-hsiang, jungler Kim "River" Dong-woo, mid laner Kim "Candy" Seung-ju, bot laner Wong "Unified" Chun-kit, and support Ling "Kaiwing" Kai-wing. Talon Esports finished third in the 2020 PCS Spring regular season, qualifying for the first round of playoffs in the winners' bracket. After winning three series and losing one, Talon Esports reached
1961-523: The opportunity to add marginal notes emphasising key points. Legal writing expert Bryan A. Garner has described the practice as "ghastly". A 2020 study found that all-caps in legal texts is ineffective and is, in fact, harmful to older readers. In 2002, a US court spoke out against the practice, ruling that simply making text all-capitals has no bearing on whether it is clear and easily readable: Lawyers who think their caps lock keys are instant "make conspicuous" buttons are deluded. In determining whether
2014-527: The play-in stage of Worlds as the PCS' second seed. River and Tank were unable to participate in the play-in stage due to delayed visas, and were replaced with Hsiao "Kongyue" Jen-tso and Chen "Uniboy" Chang-chu respectively. Unified was also unable to participate in the first half of the play-in stage for the same reason, and was replaced with Chen "Dee" Chun-dee. Despite starting the play-in stage with three emergency substitutes, PSG Talon won both their games on
2067-757: The professional Overwatch scene in March 2017 by signing a Taipei -based roster, with Hongkonger Yip "Moowe" Chi-yeung being the only non-Taiwanese player. The team disbanded in late July after failing to qualify for the second season of the Overwatch Pacific Championship. In early 2018, Talon Esports signed an all-Korean roster to compete in the Pacific division of Overwatch Contenders (later Pacific Contenders). The team has since underwent several roster changes and topped various Pacific Contenders seasons. Talon Esports accepted an offer for
2120-489: The reading time. When this is combined with the difficulty in reading words in all-capital letters as units, the hindrance to rapid reading becomes marked. In the eye-movement study by Tinker and Patterson, the principal difference in oculomotor patterns between lower case and all capitals was the very large increase in number of fixation pauses for reading the all-capital print. All caps text should be eliminated from most forms of composition, according to Tinker: Considering
2173-878: The roster mutually agreed to part ways. The roster consisted of Nuengnara "23savage" Teeramahanon, Armel "Armel" Tabios, Anucha "Jabz" Jirawong, Worawit "Q" Mekchai, and Chan "Oli" Chon Kien. In March 2024, Armel was benched. Aurora shortly thereafter announced Artem "Lorenof" Melnik as their new mid laner . Aurora Gaming joined the Philippine Mobile Legends: Bang Bang league, MPL Philippines . On July 27, 2024, Aurora unveiled their official Mobile Legends: Bang Bang roster for Season 14 at PARQAL, Aseana City , Parañaque . The playing roster comprises Edfel "Fel" Jay, Louise "Louise" Martin Mahilum, Keith Sheldon Spencer "Keyesis" Lago, Darylle "Ward" Dela Cruz, and Saiden "Saiden" Abdul. Meanwhile,
Aurora Gaming - Misplaced Pages Continue
2226-572: The same ROM. Game designers often choose to have less characters in favor of more tiles. With the advent of the bulletin board system , or BBS, and later the Internet, typing messages in all caps commonly became closely identified with "shouting" or attention-seeking behavior, and may be considered rude. Its equivalence to shouting traces back to at least 1984 and before the Internet, back to printed typography usage of all capitals to mean shouting. For this reason, etiquette generally discourages
2279-455: The starting position after the departure of Candy on 9 July 2020. In a repeat of the spring split, PSG Talon finished third in the 2020 PCS Summer regular season and reached the finals after defeating the same teams in spring. This qualified the team for the 2020 World Championship . PSG Talon later faced Machi Esports once again in a rematch of the spring finals; however, this time Machi Esports defeated PSG Talon, forcing PSG Talon to start in
2332-522: The then free agent Fire Beavers roster. This team consisted of Kiryl "9impulse" Kostsiu, Lev "taskmast33r" Grigoriev, and Syvatoslav "ojrein" Korochinsky, with the former playing as the team's captain. They qualified for the 2023 ALGS Championship, held in Birmingham . However, visa issues once again came into play, with Jose "Uxako" Llosa and Keenan "Tax" Mackey, serving as substitutes for Aurora. Ultimately, 9impulse received his visa, though taskmast33r
2385-425: The titles on book covers. Short strings of words in capital letters appear bolder and "louder" than mixed case, and this is sometimes referred to as "screaming" or "shouting". All caps can also be used to indicate that a given word is an acronym . Studies have been conducted on the readability and legibility of all caps text. Scientific testing from the 20th century onward has generally indicated that all caps text
2438-575: The tournament playing as a duo, and Aurora finished the Championship in a disappointing 36th-place. In December, Aurora benched taskmast33r. Konstantin "Hardecki" Kozlov would complete the Aurora roster as their third player. During EMEA regional play in the Split 1 Pro League, the team performed well, securing a spot in the Split 1 Playoffs. In March 2024, 9impulse requested Apex Legends publisher Electronic Arts (EA) to send out official invites to
2491-588: The tournament should they fail to qualify through the APAC-East Regional Qualifiers. On 22 September 2022, Talon Esports was announced as one of the partner teams for the Valorant APAC league. Hector "Fr0sT" Rosario Aaron "b0i" Thao Latest roster transaction: 31 May 2024. On 2 August 2024, Talon Esports announced its re-entry into Counter-Strike 2 , with a roster featuring players from Oceania . Daniel "djL" Narancic Latest roster transaction: 2 August 2024. New Wave Esports Corporation,
2544-581: The use of all caps when posting messages online. While all caps can be used as an alternative to rich-text "bolding" for a single word or phrase, to express emphasis, repeated use of all caps can be considered "shouting" or irritating. Some aspects of Microsoft's Metro design language involve the use of all caps headings and titles. This has received particular attention when menu and ribbon titles appeared in all caps in Visual Studio 2012 and Office 2013 , respectively. Critics have compared this to
2597-643: Was common on teletype machines, such as those used by police departments, news, and the United States' then-called Weather Bureau , as well as early computers, such as certain early Apple II models and the ZX81 , which had a limited support for lower-case text. This changed as full support of ASCII became standard, allowing lower-case characters. Some Soviet computers , such as Radio-86RK , Vector-06C , Agat-7 , use 7-bit encoding called KOI-7N2, where capital Cyrillic letters replace lower-case Latin letters in
2650-451: Was denied entry to the U.K. They instead began the tournament with "Uxako" playing the third spot on their roster. Internal team disagreements with Uxako occurred and after the group stage, Aurora attempted to make a swap to Tax. However, ALGS officials denied Aurora's roster swap. As Uxako was registered as a starting player for Aurora in the tournament, a swap to a sub was only allowed in a case such as illness. 9impulse and ojrein would finish
2703-496: Was estimated to save the Navy $ 20 million a year and is compliant with current Internet protocol. An antiquated practice that still remains in use, especially by older American lawyers who grew up before the arrival of computers, is to use all caps text for text that is legally required to be emphasised and clearly readable. The practice dates to the period of typewriters, which generally did not offer bold text, small capitals, or
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#17327981591002756-462: Was forced to miss the ALGS Split 2 Playoffs. Maliwan returned and filled-in for Sunset during the competition. In the 2023 ALGS Split 2 Playoffs, they selected drop spots alongside other teams on both the Storm Point and World's Edge maps. After a 31st-place finish in the Split 2 Playoffs, Aurora disbanded the roster in August. Later in the month, Aurora would re-enter Apex competition, signing
2809-427: Was read somewhat faster than similar material printed in all capitals." Another study in 1928 showed that "all-capital text was read 11.8 percent slower than lower case, or approximately 38 words per minute slower", and that "nine-tenths of adult readers consider lower case more legible than all capitals". A 1955 study by Miles Tinker showed that "all-capital text retarded speed of reading from 9.5 to 19.0 percent for
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