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34-421: The parish of Østre Moland was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). According to the 1835 census the municipality had a population of 4,513. On 1 January 1875, a small part of the town of Arendal (population: 22) was transferred to Østre Moland. On 1 May 1878, Østre Moland was divided. The western portion became the municipality of Barbu (population: 4,874) and

68-443: A parish priest , who might be assisted by one or more curates , and who operates from a parish church . Historically, a parish often covered the same geographical area as a manor . Its association with the parish church remains paramount. By extension the term parish refers not only to the territorial entity but to the people of its community or congregation as well as to church property within it. In England this church property

102-410: A parish comprises all Catholics living within its geographically defined area, but non-territorial parishes can also be established within a defined area on a personal basis for Catholics belonging to a particular rite , language, nationality, or community. An example is that of personal parishes established in accordance with the 7 July 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum for those attached to

136-417: A result of ecclesiastical pluralism some parish priests might have held more than one parish living , placing a curate in charge of those where they do not reside. Now, however, it is common for a number of neighbouring parishes to be placed under one benefice in the charge of a priest who conducts services by rotation, with additional services being provided by lay readers or other non-ordained members of

170-688: A review into the organisation of the Church and make recommendations as to its future shape. The group published its report ("Church in Wales Review") in July 2012 and proposed that parishes should be reorganised into larger Ministry Areas (Ardaloedd Gweinidogaeth). It stated that: "The parish system... is no longer sustainable" and suggested that the Ministry Areas should each have a leadership team containing lay people as well as clergy, following

204-527: A secular usage. Since 1895, a parish council elected by public vote or a (civil) parish meeting administers a civil parish and is formally recognised as the level of local government below a district council . The traditional structure of the Church of England with the parish as the basic unit has been exported to other countries and churches throughout the Anglican Communion and Commonwealth but does not necessarily continue to be administered in

238-568: A single minister. Since the abolition of parishes as a unit of civil government in Scotland in 1929, Scottish parishes have purely ecclesiastical significance and the boundaries may be adjusted by the local Presbytery. The Church in Wales was disestablished in 1920 and is made up of six dioceses. It retained the parish system and parishes were also civil administration areas until communities were established in 1974, but did not necessarily share

272-415: Is a big enough group of worshippers in the same place, the outstation in named by the bishop of the diocese. They are run by " catechists /evangelists" or lay readers, and supervised by the creator parish or archdeaconry . Outstations are not self-supporting, and in poor areas often consist of a very simple structure. The parish priest visits as often as possible. If and when the community has grown enough,

306-514: Is a compound of παρά ( pará ), "beside, by, near" and οἶκος ( oîkos ), "house". As an ancient concept, the term "parish" occurs in the long-established Christian denominations: Catholic , Anglican Communion , the Eastern Orthodox Church , and Lutheran churches, and in some Methodist , Congregationalist and Presbyterian administrations. The eighth Archbishop of Canterbury Theodore of Tarsus (c. 602–690) appended

340-587: Is a newly-created congregation, a term usually used where the church is evangelical , or a mission and particularly in African countries, but also historically in Australia. They exist mostly within the Catholic and Anglican parishes. The Anglican Diocese of Cameroon describes their outstations as the result of outreach work "initiated, sponsored and supervised by the mother parishes". Once there

374-614: The Old Norse word móðigr which means "brave" or "courageous". The last element is land which means "land" or "district". The spelling of the prefix was later changed from østre to austre during the 20th century, but the meaning did not change. While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, unemployment , social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads . During its existence, this municipality

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408-631: The church community. A chapelry was a subdivision of an ecclesiastical parish in England , and parts of Lowland Scotland up to the mid 19th century. It had a similar status to a township but was so named as it had a chapel which acted as a subsidiary place of worship to the main parish church. In England civil parishes and their governing parish councils evolved in the 19th century as ecclesiastical parishes began to be relieved of what became considered to be civic responsibilities. Thus their boundaries began to diverge. The word "parish" acquired

442-710: The committee of every local congregation that handles staff support is referred to as the committee on Pastor-Parish Relations. This committee gives recommendations to the bishop on behalf of the parish/congregation since it is the United Methodist Bishop of the episcopal area who appoints a pastor to each congregation. The same is true in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church . In New Zealand,

476-418: The lands of other parishes. Church of England parishes nowadays all lie within one of 42 dioceses divided between the provinces of Canterbury , 30 and York , 12. Each parish normally has its own parish priest (either a vicar or rector , owing to the vagaries of the feudal tithe system: rectories usually having had greater income) and perhaps supported by one or more curates or deacons - although as

510-478: The law was changed so that each diocese employed the priests within its areas. Between 2004 and 2012, the prestegjeld was phased out of the Church of Norway. The new structure replaced the prestegjeld with the already-existing deanery ( prosti ). The sokn (sub-parishes or congregations) are the basic units of the church and all of the sokn within each municipality in Norway forms a governing church council for

544-415: The main parish church. In the wider picture of ecclesiastical polity, a parish comprises a division of a diocese or see . Parishes within a diocese may be grouped into a deanery or vicariate forane (or simply vicariate ), overseen by a dean or vicar forane , or in some cases by an archpriest . Some churches of the Anglican Communion have deaneries as units of an archdeaconry . An outstation

578-399: The municipality. The municipal church councils are part of a deanery and the deaneries are part of a diocese. Also in this reform, priests are now employed by the deaneries. Parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese . A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest , often termed

612-526: The outstation may become a parish and have a parish priest assigned to it. In the Catholic Church, each parish normally has its own parish priest (in some countries called pastor or provost ), who has responsibility and canonical authority over the parish. What in most English-speaking countries is termed the "parish priest" is referred to as the "pastor" in the United States , where

646-411: The parish may be responsible for chapels (or chapels of ease ) located at some distance from the mother church for the convenience of distant parishioners. In addition to a parish church, each parish may maintain auxiliary organizations and their facilities such as a rectory , parish hall , parochial school , or convent , frequently located on the same campus or adjacent to the church. Normally,

680-470: The parish structure to the Anglo-Saxon township unit, where it existed, and where minsters catered to the surrounding district. Broadly speaking, the parish is the standard unit in episcopal polity of church administration, although parts of a parish may be subdivided as a chapelry , with a chapel of ease or filial church serving as the local place of worship in cases of difficulty to access

714-737: The pre- Vatican II liturgy. The Church of England 's geographical structure uses the local parish church as its basic unit. The parish system survived the Reformation with the Anglican Church's secession from Rome remaining largely untouched; thus, it shares its roots with the Catholic Church 's system described below. Parishes may extend into different counties or hundreds and historically many parishes comprised extra outlying portions in addition to its principal district, usually being described as 'detached' and intermixed with

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748-714: The principles of 'collaborative ministry'. Over the next decade, the six dioceses all implemented the report, with the final Ministry Areas being instituted in 2022. In the Diocese of St Asaph (Llanelwy), they are known as Mission Areas (Ardaloedd Cenhadaeth) In the United Methodist Church congregations are called parishes, though they are more often simply called congregations and have no geographic boundaries. A prominent example of this usage comes in The Book of Discipline of The United Methodist Church , in which

782-523: The same boundaries. The reduction in the numbers of worshippers, and the increasing costs of maintaining often ancient buildings, led over time to parish reorganisation, parish groupings and Rectorial Benefices (merged parishes led by a Rector). In 2010, the Church in Wales engaged the Rt Rev Richard Harries (Lord Harries of Pentregarth), a former Church of England Bishop of Oxford; Prof Charles Handy; and Prof Patricia Peattie, to carry out

816-415: The same time. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named Østre Moland after the old Moland farm ( Old Norse : Móðguland ). The prefix østre (which means "eastern") was added to differentiate the place from Vestre Moland which was located a little further south along the coast of Norway. The first element of the name is derived from the river name Móðga , which can be linked with

850-576: The same way. The parish is also the basic level of church administration in the Church of Scotland . Spiritual oversight of each parish church in Scotland is responsibility of the congregation's Kirk Session . Patronage was regulated in 1711 ( Patronage Act ) and abolished in 1874, with the result that ministers must be elected by members of the congregation. Many parish churches in Scotland today are "linked" with neighbouring parish churches served by

884-402: The southern part on the island of Tromøya became the municipality of Tromøy (population: 2,320). The remainder of Østre Moland was left with 2,524 inhabitants. On 1 July 1919 several things changed. The southern coastal district of Stokken (population: 1,683) was separated from Østre Moland to become a separate municipality, a small area in the neighboring Holt municipality (population: 14)

918-591: The term "parish priest" is used of any priest assigned to a parish even in a subordinate capacity. These are called "assistant priests", "parochial vicars", " curates ", or, in the United States, "associate pastors" and "assistant pastors". Each diocese (administrative region) is divided into parishes, each with their own central church called the parish church , where religious services take place. Some larger parishes or parishes that have been combined under one parish priest may have two or more such churches, or

952-643: The work of the Schei Committee . On 1 January 1962, Austre Moland (population: 1,607) was merged with the municipalities of Stokken (population: 2,783), Flosta (population: 1,205), and the Strengereid area of Tvedestrand (population: 375) to form the new municipality of Moland . Later, on 1 January 1992, Moland municipality (population: 8,148) was merged into the neighboring municipality of Arendal (population: 12,478). The municipalities of Øyestad , Tromøy, and Hisøy were also merged into Arendal at

986-471: Was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway ( Den Norske Kirke ) roughly equivalent to a parish . This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012. Prior to the discontinuation of the prestegjeld , Norway was geographically divided into 11 dioceses ( bispedømme ). Each diocese

1020-425: Was further divided into deaneries ( prosti ). Each of those deaneries were divided into several parishes ( prestegjeld ). Each parish was made up of one or more sub-parishes or congregations ( sogn or sokn ). Within a prestegjeld , there were usually one or more clerical positions ( chaplains ) serving under the administration of a head minister ( sogneprest or sokneprest ). In 1838, the formannskapsdistrikt law

1054-415: Was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipal council (Herredsstyre) of Austre Moland was made up of 17 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party . Prestegjeld A prestegjeld

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1088-438: Was passed in Norway and it created civil municipalities that corresponded to the same borders as the ecclesiastical prestegjelds . Prior to that time there was no local government in Norway apart from the church's parishes. Today's municipalities have changed some, but their roots are all based on the prestegjeld. Historically, the government employed all the priests working in all of the prestegjelds across Norway. In 1989,

1122-716: Was technically in ownership of the parish priest ex officio , vested in him on his institution to that parish. First attested in English in the late 13th century, the word parish comes from the Old French paroisse , in turn from Latin : paroecia , the Romanisation of the Ancient Greek : παροικία , romanized :  paroikia , "sojourning in a foreign land", itself from πάροικος ( paroikos ), "dwelling beside, stranger, sojourner", which

1156-515: Was transferred to Østre Moland, and finally, the spelling of the name was changed to Austre Moland . After all of these changes, there were 1,289 residents left in Austre Moland. In 1936, a small area of Øyestad municipality (population: 33) was transferred to Austre Moland. In 1944, a small area of Austre Moland (population: 44) was transferred to the town of Arendal . During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to

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