64-753: Avondale Estate may refer to: the Avondale Agricultural Research Station in Western Australia, formerly known as Avondale Estate Avondale Estates, Georgia , a city in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States Avondale Estate in Cooranbong, New South Wales , Australia Avondale Estates in Parkland County , Alberta, Canada Topics referred to by
128-441: A panorama print of the view from Mount Clarence accompanied by a pamphlet describing the sound and the geography, geology, flora, fauna and native inhabitants of the immediate region. On 8 March 1836, HMS Beagle visited King George Sound and anchored there for eight days. On board was the young naturalist Charles Darwin , who collected specimens on shore. Beagle was on the homeward leg of her celebrated circumnavigation of
192-501: A 'fledgling Australian town', which features a series of small residences and a public house owned by former soldier Alexander Killam. Many wrecks exist within King George Sound. The most recent and best known is the 133 metres (436 ft) guided missile destroyer HMAS Perth , which was scuttled in 2001 in 35 metres (115 ft) of water off Seal Island , to be used as a dive-site. The former whale chaser Cheynes
256-925: A farming equipment museum and operates as an agriculture education centre specialising in introducing primary school children to farming, and teaching of its history in Western Australia . Avondale is situated on land where the Dale River joins the Avon River 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Beverley . It is located on land originally granted to the first Governor of Western Australia , Captain (later Admiral Sir) James Stirling and Captain Mark Currie RN in 1836. These grants were combined in 1849 and with additional land purchases they became known as Avondale Estate , expanding to in excess of 13,330 acres (53.9 km ). On 4 April 1924
320-499: A field laboratory was built at Avondale; a flock of 1000 sheep were purchased to enable feed experiments. In 1931 Bennetts had identified Bacillus ovitoxicus as the cause of the disease. With this knowledge he was able to develop the infectious enterotoxaemia vaccine ; for his efforts Bennetts received a CBE . The sheep populations that were required by Bennetts at Avondale also afforded additional research opportunities. From 1931 for several years experiments were conducted with
384-530: A lease agreement in December with Governor Stirling for his grant, which included Carey purchasing the property at the end of the lease for £750 in 1846. Carey also purchased 3,000 acres (12 km ) to west of location 14 he also received an additional grant of land in 1849. With all the land in the vee formed by the Avon River and the Dale River the property was now 13,330 acres (53.9 km ) in size and
448-486: A livestock feed and its effect on ewe fertility. On into the 1960s and 1970s Avondale was involved with the breeding and trial of various cereal crops for use within Western Australia. Since the early 1980s Avondale has focused on environmental and sustainable farming along with farm income supplemental alternatives like marron farming. Avondale like most Western Australian farms utilised horses and Clydesdales in particular for pulling farming equipment. Farm economics of
512-662: A machinery museum was built and the other buildings were restored to original condition. Today, Avondale is managed by the National Trust of Western Australia and is open to the public at varying times throughout the year. In November 1835, an expedition led by Governor James Stirling joined another party led by the Surveyor General John Septimus Roe in King George Sound . Roe had made arrangement for both parties to return to
576-496: A small quota of 50 humpback whales that was eventually increased to 175. At the peak of the whaling activity in the sound the company was taking between 900 and 1100 sperm and humpback whales in a year. Humpback whaling was banned in 1963 which in turn decreased the viability of the operation. In 1978 the Cheynes Beach Whaling Company closed down after increasing environmental lobby group pressure. It
640-564: Is a sound on the south coast of Western Australia . Named King George the Third's Sound in 1791, it was referred to as King George's Sound from 1805. The name "King George Sound" gradually came into use from about 1934, prompted by new Admiralty charts supporting the intention to eliminate the possessive 's' from geographical names. The sound covers an area of 110 square kilometres (42 sq mi) and varies in depth from 10 to 35 metres (33 to 115 ft). Situated at its western shore
704-404: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Avondale Agricultural Research Station Avondale Agricultural Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research farms and stations operated by Western Australia's Department of Agriculture and Food . In addition to its research, Avondale has historical buildings,
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#1732797528061768-461: Is recognised by naming the entrance into Princess Royal Harbour as Atatürk Entrance . There is evidence that shore-based bay whaling was carried out in Barker Bay, by James Daniels, as early as 1849. Whaling ships from Hobart also visited the area in the 2nd half of the 19th century. The Cheyne Beach Whaling Company began operating out of Frenchman Bay, located within the sound, in 1952 with
832-406: Is the city of Albany . The sound is bordered by the mainland to the north, by Vancouver Peninsula on the west, and by Bald Head and Flinders Peninsula to the south. Although the sound is open water to the east, the waters are partially protected by Breaksea Island and Michaelmas Island . There are two harbours located within the sound, Princess Royal Harbour to the west and Oyster Harbour to
896-618: The Fanny Nicholson was being used as a whaling vessel when it ran ashore during a gale in 1872. The remains can still be seen in shallow water in Frenchman Bay . Another Tasmanian whaling barque, the Runnymede , met a similar fate when it ran aground during a storm in 1881. Two wrecks within the sound are protected under the federal Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 . These are the wooden barque Athena that sank in 1908, and
960-485: The Great Southern Railway provided a quicker service. Albany Port is located on the north shore of Princess Royal Harbour adjacent to the city of Albany . The port was first established in 1826 and has been expanded regularly since. The port now has five berths able to cater to panamax class vessels. The port typically caters for loading of about 120 vessels per annum. In 1914, King George Sound
1024-522: The Journal of Agriculture . During World War II , Avondale farm provided research into farming of linseed and flax in Western Australia, although it was not the most suitable location for growing either. Three varieties of Linseed were trialled: Riga Crown , an early maturing variety, Italian also early maturing and Walsh , a mid-season maturing variety. It was discovered that all were susceptible to cutworm with greater damage occurring later in
1088-548: The Swan River Colony via an alternative route. The route was intended to join the settlements of King George Sound, York and the Swan River Colony along with the newly established settlement of Williams . This expedition passed through the area of Avondale sighting the Dale River and a granite hill that Roe name Bald Hill on 27 December. Bald Hill was to become the primary reference point for surveying
1152-523: The University of Western Australia identified the disease as a toxaemia of bacterial origin but was unable to establish the source. Dr Harold Bennetts was appointed the state's first veterinary pathologist in May 1925. Bennetts commenced an immediate investigation into the disease, using alleyways and open space around the department's city offices to house the sheep needed for the research. In 1930
1216-459: The continental shelf in the main part of the sound. The region of King George sound was featured in Kim Scott's 2010 novel, 'That Deadman Dance', which describes interaction and colonialism in 'the friendly frontier'. The story follows a number of nuanced characters, both of European and indigenous Noongar heritage. The main settlement, King George Town, at the time of the book is described as
1280-526: The leopard seal . Dolphins are also found in the area, and are occasionally caught and drowned in fishing nets or stranded. The common dolphin Delphinus delphis and the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncates have both been recorded in the area. Southern right whales and humpback whales frequent the area between July and October when they congregate to mate and calve in the protected waters of
1344-521: The 1930s meant that the Clydesdales weren't retired to enjoy the governments grassy paddocks. In 1937 a letter to the Agricultural minister details the disposal of horses that were no longer useful; With regard to the two horses at the station which are old and incapable of any further work. I request approval for these animals, instead of being destroyed at the station, to be made available to
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#17327975280611408-592: The Beverley area and that 1,740 acres (7.0 km ) which included the area around the homestead was to remain under control of the Lands Department. The original homestead block faced an uncertain future for many years, until it was given to the Department of Agriculture in 1924. Initially intended for the production of pure seed wheat and oats , very little was produced for several years. Avondale
1472-710: The Western Australian Government for £5/10/- per acre. The Government countered with an offer of £5/5/- per acre, which was accepted. Avondale was purchased in March 1910 under the Agricultural Land Purchase act for a total of £51,494/12/6, equivalent to approximately A$ 5,500,000 in 2006. Even though the Butcher brothers' farming operations continued until January 1911, the government began preparations for subdivision. John Hall
1536-575: The Zoo authorities for lions food... The letter details how the Perth Zoo is responsible for the freight and that the Minister had approved the transaction. Many Clydesdales were to follow the first two bay mares with the consignment note description "for lions food, freight payable by consignee". This practice continued until well into the 1950s until tractors replaced the use of horses in farming. Since
1600-402: The announcement, farmers from around the state responded generously with donations of old machinery and equipment. Most of this machinery was restored by Department of Agriculture mechanics. In 1978 an invitation to visit and open Avondale's agricultural displays was sent to Prince Charles , this was accepted and on 16 March 1979 Avondale was officially opened with commemorative tree planting near
1664-424: The command of Major Edmund Lockyer , arrived at King George Sound to establish a possessory military settlement. Lockyer named his settlement Fredrick Town after George III 's second son, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany , but this name never gained wide acceptance. Instead the settlement and surrounding locality were usually referred to as King George's Sound. The settlement of King George's Sound
1728-593: The copper plate Dixson had left. During this time Robert Brown (ship's botanist) and Peter Good (ship's gardener) collected samples of over 500 plant species. Nicolas Baudin arrived in the sound in February 1803 aboard Le Geographe to rendezvous with Louis de Freycinet aboard the Casuarina before doing further exploration of the Western Australian coastline. During the course of their stay
1792-546: The entrance to the farm. The farm continues its research into improving farming and farm practices under Western Australian conditions. Avondale's displays are open to the public with picnic facilities available, included in the displays are the original homestead, the stables complete with Clydesdales and a machinery shed. There is also road maintained around the farm with information boards on each paddock explaining its current usage. King George Sound King George Sound ( Mineng Nyungar : Mammang-Koort )
1856-512: The grey white cushion bush, coast sword sedge, knotted club rush, sea rocket, pigface and false caper. The sound comprises a wide variety of habitats that supports an abundance of marine life. Many species of corals are present including Turbinaria frondens, Turbinaria mesenterina and Turbinaria renformis which cover an extensive area. Other coral species that can be found include Scolymia australis, Plesiastrea versipora, Coscinaraea mcneilli and Coscinaraea marshae. A large, wild mussel population
1920-576: The headlands. King George Sound includes many islands and some islets, all comprising granitoid rocks with accumulations of soil on most. Islands of note include Breaksea Island , Michaelmas Island , Seal Island , Mistaken Island , and Green Island . . The tidal range in King George Sound (including Princess Royal Harbour and Oyster Harbour) is 0.4 metres (1 ft) with spring tidal range of 1.1 metres (4 ft). Tidal levels can remain static for periods of time. Semi-diurnal tides are frequent and diurnal tides are occasional. The temperature of
1984-532: The mid-1930s also utilising the sheep flocks. Underwood's initial research was into the effects of sulfur on wool growth, he followed that research with investigations into botulism in sheep during 1935. These experiments were the first of many by Underwood over the next 30 years. During the 1940s he studied the nutritional value of hay and pasture for sheep, the ongoing results from these Studies in Cereal Hay production in Western Australia were published in
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2048-613: The next ten years sections of the estate were sold off to fund its development. During this period, the house was expanded and the stable built, which included 20 horse stalls with hollow walls and an overhead loft. The hollow walls enable feed from the loft to gravitate directly to the feed bins in each stall. The remaining 5,232 acres (21.2 km ) were sold to William James Butcher and Charles John Hunt Butcher in 1904. The brothers purchased adjoining properties adding 4,403 acres (17.8 km ) which enlarged Avondale to 9,635 acres (39.0 km ). In 1908 they offered to sell Avondale to
2112-400: The nine substantial lots only four were taken up as settlers were unable to pay the £6 per acre price. Lot 1 was taken up by George Hancock, the father of mining magnate Lang Hancock , and George's brother Richard took up Lot 2. Lot 13 was taken up by G.W. Isbister, and Lot 4 was taken up by former Premier Sir Newton Moore , who then proceeded to London with the plans. As Agent General Newton
2176-597: The north. Each receives excellent protection from winds and heavy seas. Princess Royal Harbour was Western Australia's only deep-water port for around 70 years until the Fremantle Inner Harbour was opened in 1897. The first reported visit to King George Sound by a European was in 1791 by the English explorer Captain George Vancouver . Vancouver named it King George the Third's Sound after
2240-432: The object of determining how to best produce prime export lambs. This investigated various breeds and cross breeds determining that cross-bred ewes where significantly more productive than pure-bred Merinos . In 1934, Bennetts teamed with state botanist Charles Gardner to study the toxic effect of native plants species on sheep. Gardner would collect the plants and supply them fresh to Bennetts who would then feed them to
2304-449: The opening of the museum in 1978 Avondale again utilised Clydesdales for demonstrations of the old equipment these horse are sold as pets once they are incapable of working. In 1976, as part of the preparations for Western Australia's 1979 sesquicentennial celebrations , the Department of Agriculture decided to restore the historic Avondale farm to its original state to display the achievements of Western Australian farmers. In response to
2368-542: The outbreak of World War I the Agricultural College plans were abandoned as well. Near the end of 1916, the Beverley community requested that Avondale be subdivided into 20 lots for returning soldiers. It was also suggested that Avondale be a nursery where soldiers are given small allotments and those that succeed are then given larger grants elsewhere in the state. In July 1918, it was decided that Avondale would have 6 lots made available for servicemen from
2432-516: The region. In 1836, the surveyor Thomas Watson returned to area and used Bald Hill as the principal trigonometric reference. Watson was to map out a number of lots in the area including the western boundary for Beverley town site. Two of the lots surveyed were Avon location 14 with 5,000 acres (20 km ), and Avon location K with 4,000 acres (16 km ); location 14 was given to Captain Mark Currie, Fremantle Harbour Master, while location K
2496-630: The reigning monarch. The next Europeans to visit the sound were Captain Dennis of the Kingston , and Captain Dixson of the Elligood . Kingston and Elligood were whalers and while there caught three whales. Dixson left an inscribed piece of copper plate behind. Matthew Flinders anchored in the sound from 8 December 1801 to 5 January 1802 and explored the area. While he was there, his men found
2560-511: The remaining 1,740 acres (7.0 km ) of Avondale were passed on to the Department of Agriculture and Food. Initially Avondale continued its involvement with the Group Settlement Scheme , it was not until 1926 that research activities commenced. During the 1930s it was to be the laboratory for Dr Harold Bennetts successful research into Bacillus ovitoxicus . As part of Western Australia's 1979 sesquicentennial celebrations
2624-481: The remaining lots. This left one lot known as Drumclyer available, in 1914 a Dowerin farmer tried to lease Drumclyer after losing his property there from drought, but was unable to negotiate an acceptable rate. In December, the Hancock brothers had abandoned lots 1 & 2, Isbister had also abandoned Lot 13, although it is not known exactly when, leaving only the 780 acres (3.2 km ) of Lot 4 in private hands. With
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2688-465: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Avondale Estate . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avondale_Estate&oldid=702188196 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2752-401: The season; early trails of the insecticide DDT was said to show promising results in combating this. In 1942 there was some pioneering in the development and use of contour banks , the equipment required a team 4 horses or two Clydesdales, a teamster and two labourers. Through the 1950s Avondale had monitored its sheep flocks as part of the research into Dwalganup strain of clover as
2816-668: The sheep. They confirmed 24 species of plants as being poisonous, most which were from the native pea genera Gastrolobium and Oxylobium . Based on this and later research, Gardner and Bennetts published The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956. During 1935, investigations into the effects of castrating male lambs with either mechanical pincers compared to using a knife, both of these methods have since been replaced with rubber elastrator rings. The experiment on 499 sheep concluded that no significant differences were observable in respect of mortality, maturity rates and meat quality. Dr Eric Underwood began his research at Avondale in
2880-637: The ship's naturalist François Péron , collected 1060 new species of shellfish and a large number of starfish from the sound. Phillip Parker King visited the sound in 1818 aboard the cutter HMS Mermaid while en route to conduct a nautical survey of the North West Cape, and Frenchman Dumont d'Urville visited it in 1826 aboard the Astrolabe . On 25 December 1826, the New South Wales colonial government brig Amity , under
2944-532: The sound include cormorants , pied oystercatchers , sooty oystercatchers , Pacific gulls , Caspian terns , pelicans , ospreys and white-bellied sea eagles . The Western Australian south coast is formed along the edge of the southern margin of the Yilgarn craton and is fringed with prominent headlands composed of granite and gneisses formed during Proterozoic tectonic activity. Arcuate Bays that contain beaches backed by holocene dunes are found between
3008-421: The sound includes both the saltmarshes of Oyster Harbour and Princess Royal Harbour, and the sandy beach vegetation. Saltmarshes contain a variety of species including samphire , seablite , astartea , wattle , greenbush, shore rush, twig rush and saltwater paperbark . Freshwater species also occur in areas where substantial freshwater seepage occurs. Sandy beach areas contain a mix of shrubs and sedges such as
3072-485: The sound. Other whales that have been spotted in the area include minke whales , blue whales , short-finned pilot whales , false killer whales and killer whales . Sperm whales were known to visit the sound during the whaling era but none have been sighted recently, although a pod was detected further out in the Southern Ocean in 2002. The sound becomes a perfect habitat for migratory wading birds during
3136-488: The summer, when an estimated 2,000-3,000 birds flock to the area to feed in the shallow mudflats of the harbours. Some of the species that can be found during the summer months include the red-necked stint and the red knot as well as sandpipers , grey plovers , red capped plovers , lesser sand plovers , grey-tailed tattlers , Eurasian whimbrels , common greenshanks , yellow-billed spoonbill , white-faced heron and stilts . Other birds that are commonly seen around
3200-566: The water in the sound is slightly different from that of the open sea. The salinity level within the Sound remains relatively constant ranging between 34.8 and 35.5 ' ‰ ', the lower levels occurring during heavy winter rain events when large volumes of freshwater enter the sound from the King and Kalgan rivers . The Leeuwin Current exerts some influence in the sound as it flows eastwards along
3264-407: The world, having already stopped off at Sydney . Until the construction of Fremantle Harbour in 1897, King George Sound contained the only deepwater port in Western Australia, and so was the favoured location for delivery of mail and supplies from abroad to Western Australia. These were then transported to Perth and Fremantle by road or coastal shipping until the early 1890s, when the completion of
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#17327975280613328-710: Was Australia's last coastal whaling company. Installation of a shark barrier was commenced and completed in March 2016 at Middleton Beach at the north western end of the sound. Dense seagrass beds still exist in King George Sound, although they have been adversely affected by increased nutrient levels and industry in the area. Some of the seagrasses present in the sound include Posidonia australis , Posidonia robertsoneae, Posidonia kirkmanii, Posidonia sinuosa, Posidonia denhartogii, Posidonia ostenfeldii , Amphibolis antarctica , Amphibolis griffithii , Halophila australis , Halophila ovalis , Ruppia megacarpa and Heterozostera tasmanica . The fringing vegetation around
3392-547: Was first named by Cuvier in 1829 as Sillago punctata , based on an individual taken from King George Sound. Seals are known to inhabit the sound in various locations along the coast and on the islands. The species that are sighted most often are the Australian sea lion and the New Zealand fur seal . Species that have been sighted, but are considered to be occasional visitors, include the subantarctic fur seal and
3456-520: Was given to Stirling. Stirling as Governor and Currie as harbour master were not paid salaries by the colony but given land grants as compensation for their services. In 1978, surveyors using current equipment were engaged to determine the exact location of these original holdings, and commented on the remarkable accuracy of Watson's survey 142 years before. Currie sold his grant of land to a Nicholas Carey in September 1838 for £330. Carey entered into
3520-549: Was in the application of superphosphate its alternatives and the timing of application. Initial results were published in the Journal of Agriculture in 1927. A Braxy-like disease originated in the Beverley- York region in 1915. Over the next 15 years it spread across most of the state's farming districts. Flock losses generally were around 5% though there were reported cases of 30% loss. In 1918 Professor Dakin of
3584-768: Was known to exist in the sound, and now commercial mussel farms operate within the area that grow and harvest Blue mussels . It is estimated that 203 species of fish inhabit the Oyster Harbour, Princess Royal Harbour and King George Sound, with Australian pilchards Sardinops sagax neopilchardus making up 97% of the total fish catch. Other species that are commonly found include Australian herring , leatherjackets, cobbler, tailor, Australian anchovy, garfish, sand trevally, tarwhine, flathead, tuna, snapper, Australian salmon, yellowtail scad, sea mullet, striped trumpeter, long-toothed flounder, dusky morwong and long-finned goby. The King George whiting ( Sillaginodes punctatus )
3648-411: Was named Avondale Estate . During the late 1840s Carey moved to Guernsey leaving Avondale to be operated by an unknown caretaker. Upon Carey's death in March 1889, Avondale was inherited by his 16-year-old grand nephew William Herbert deLisle . deLisle arrived and took up residence there in 1893, and assumed the land title in 1894. Avondale had been a pastoral property until deLisle's arrival, over
3712-576: Was part of New South Wales – a semi-exclave of New South Wales – from its establishment until 7 March 1831. It then was made part of the Swan River Colony , which from 1833 has been known as Western Australia. In 1832, Governor of Western Australia Captain (later Admiral) James Stirling declared the settlement a town and renamed it Albany , but the broader locality continued to be referred to as King George's Sound for many years. In 1834 Robert Dale published in London
3776-452: Was sent to Avondale in April 1910 to locate all improvements and draw subdivision lines following existing fencing where possible. His arrival sparked considerable controversy, because not only had he set up camp on the golf course but the golf club also had leased 40 acres (160,000 m ) of Avondale that joined the edge of town. Investigations found that the lease was terminated when the land
3840-566: Was sold for scrap in 1961 and was subsequently sunk between Michaelmas Island and the northern shoreline of the sound. Another chaser in the fleet, Cheynes II , was blown ashore on Geak Point near Quaranup in Princess Royal Harbour in 1990 and is still there, approximately 290 metres (951 ft) off-shore. The Lady Lyttleton sank in the Emu Point channel when repairs were attempted in 1867. A Hobart wooden barque,
3904-437: Was sold. Hall divided Avondale into nine substantial size farms whose boundaries have remained unchanged since, the 40 acres (160,000 m ) that had been occupied by the golf course was made into small lots which have since been further subdivided. Lands Department accountants calculated that the sale of the lots would return £8,768/3/3 after expenses, and the estate was gazetted and land made available on 21 December 1910. Of
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#17327975280613968-554: Was the last Australian anchorage for the fleet taking the first Australian and New Zealand soldiers, later to become known as Anzacs , to Egypt. A memorial to the Anzacs of the Desert Mounted Corps has been established on top of Mount Clarence . Albany was where the first commemorative dawn service was held on Anzac Day , 25 April 1923. The contribution of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , president of Turkey from 1923 until 1938
4032-426: Was to offer to prospective settlers lots at Avondale, although a number telegram inquiries to ascertain availability of lots at Avondale were sent, there is no record any lots being allocated in London. As none of the remaining 5 substantial lots had been taken up by November 1911, it was suggested that 4 of those remaining be used for an Agricultural College with the Lands Department responsible for continuing to farm
4096-480: Was used as an assembly and holding ground for dairy cattle , prior to them being sent to group settlers in the state's South West . During this period, the silo was built with a capacity of 100 tonnes; the silo is now heritage listed. The local farming community raised concerns about cattle being unsuitable for the area, while the concerns were not immediately addressed Avondale was turned towards seed production and research. The first research began in 1926; this
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