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83-541: Avril is an international agro-industrial group based in France, specialising in food, animal feed, energy and sustainable chemistry . It was founded in 1983, on the initiative of a collective group of leaders in the French farming sector, and was structured as a subsidiary to ensure outlets for French oilseeds ( rapeseed , sunflower , soy) and protein crops ( Peas , faba beans , lupin ). Formerly known as Sofiproteol,

166-631: A Sofiprotéol Private Debt fund with the management company Tikehau IM, to facilitate the funding of agribusiness and food processing industries. In 2016, the Avril Group set up an integrated rapeseed sector in Tunisia , in partnership with the local government. In May 2018, Avril announced the acquisition of a majority participation in Costa d'Oro, an Italian olive oil producer (the Castel Group

249-429: A Sofiprotéol surge. The group changed the development of its businesses. In 2007, Sofiprotéol created two major business divisions: Oilseeds , responsible for enhancing vegetable oils, and Animal Products , developing the group's activities in the field of nutrition and livestock production with related expertise : biosafety, nutritional specialties, etc... The group has strengthened its international position. With

332-446: A boom in using nitrogen fertilizers. In the latter half of the 20th century, increased use of nitrogen fertilizers (800% increase between 1961 and 2019) has been a crucial component of the increased productivity of conventional food systems (more than 30% per capita) as part of the so-called " Green Revolution ". A farm (also called an agricultural holding ) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with

415-578: A certain level of operations, capitalization , land area, or number of animals in the farm. The word "agribusiness" is a portmanteau of the words agriculture and business. The earliest known use of the word was in the Volume 155 of the Canadian Almanac & Directory published in 1847. Although most practitioners recognize that it was coined in 1957 by two Harvard Business School professors, John Davis and Ray Goldberg after they published

498-482: A fifth of 11 million tons of biodiesel consumed annually by the European Union . It is the leading European producer of biodiesel. Diester is incorporated at a rate of 8% in the fuel used by all French diesel vehicles. Diester is a first-generation biofuel , made from rapeseed and sunflower vegetable oil. Avril invests in research to develop second-generation biofuels . The target being to market biofuels from

581-451: A financial point of view, this period was also characterized by the Group's return to being profitable in 2018 (the price of oil having penalized its biofuels business in previous years) and 2019, when net profit doubled from 16 million to 35 million euros. In 2019, Avril joined forces with Terrena to create an industrial unit with an annual capacity of 30,000 metric tons, specializing in

664-557: A massive influx of US soybeans, exempt from European customs. Soy, rich in protein, is needed as livestock feed. In June 1973, following an exceptional drought, the US government decreed an embargo on the export of seeds and oilcake . This caused prices to soar, reflecting an interdependence of French and European farmers. In 1974, a Protein Plan is launched in France under the leadership of a young farmer and unionist, Jean-Claude Sabin , backed by

747-531: A process called transesterification . Glycerol is produced together with the fatty acid esters . Most typically, the reaction entails the use of methanol (MeOH) to give fatty acid methyl esters : FAMEs are less viscous than the precursor fats and can be purified to give the individual fatty acid esters, e.g. methyl oleate vs methyl palmitate. The fatty acid or fatty esters are susceptible to hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids . The acids or esters can also be reduced to

830-490: A range of bio-based molecules from vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower, palm, soy, coconut). Among other molecules, Avril produces glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct. Glycerol is a non-toxic liquid, with a sweet taste, that is used in many pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food products. Through Lesieur Cristal, Avril produces soaps in Morocco, marketed under the brands Taous and El Kef . The Avril Farming division brings together

913-417: A rigorous economic framework for the field. They traced a complex value-added chain that begins with the farmer's purchase of seed and livestock and ends with a product fit for the consumer's table. Agribusiness boundary expansion is driven by a variety of transaction costs . As concern over global warming intensifies, biofuels derived from crops are gaining increased public and scientific attention. This

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996-429: A strategy to develop Moroccan industries based on rapeseed, sunflower, and olive oil. In 2012, Jean-Philippe Puig succeeded Philippe Tillous-Borde as head of group. In 2015, the group adopted new governance and a new identity. Industrial activities were assigned to the limited partnership with share capital (SCA), Avril. Sofiprotéol remains as an investment company under the control of Avril Group. The Group, which

1079-529: A substitute for American soybean press cakes. Biosecurity covers all preventive hygiene methods to minimize the infection and spread of diseases in livestock. In 2014, the group created Mixscience and Theseo , both having developed a reputation in France and abroad, around products and services for the hygiene of animal shelters, breeding material and treatment of water, air and surfaces. Since 2005, Avril has produced and marketed eggs known as Matines . Through Ovoteam and 3 Vallées , Avril supplies eggs for

1162-420: A variety of ways: through dry or pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural equipment, or hand-tool methods. Historically, fertilization came from natural or organic sources: compost , animal manure , human manure , harvested minerals, crop rotations , and byproducts of human-nature industries (e.g. fish processing waste , or bloodmeal from animal slaughter ). However, starting in

1245-491: Is a declining population of American citizens working on farms — temporary or itinerant skilled labor from outside the country is recruited for labor-intensive crops like vegetables and fruits. Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops , landscape plants , and lawns . Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been developed by many cultures around

1328-472: Is a multibillion-dollar global business, which uses growing facilities and growing locations worldwide. While most of the seed is produced by large specialist growers, large amounts are also produced by small growers who produce only one to a few crop types. The larger companies supply seed both to commercial resellers and wholesalers. The resellers and wholesalers sell to vegetable and fruit growers, and to companies who package seed into packets and sell them on to

1411-756: Is a professional in the science , practice, and management of agriculture and agribusiness. It is a regulated profession in Canada, India, the Philippines, the United States, and the European Union. Other names used to designate the profession include agricultural scientist, agricultural manager, agricultural planner, agriculture researcher, or agriculture policy maker. The primary role of agriculturists are in leading agricultural projects and programs, usually in agri business planning or research for

1494-455: Is an agriculturally -oriented shop where one sells agricultural supplies — inputs required for agricultural production such as pesticides , feed and fertilizers . Sometimes these stores are organized as cooperatives , where store customers aggregate their resources to purchase agricultural inputs. Agricultural supply and the stores that provide it are part of the larger Agribusiness industry. A farmworker , farmhand or agricultural worker

1577-464: Is common in many parts of the world as rainfed agriculture , or it can be full irrigation, where crops rarely rely on any contribution from rainfall. Full irrigation is less common and only occurs in arid landscapes with very low rainfall or when crops are grown in semi-arid areas outside of rainy seasons. Seed companies produce and sell seeds for flowers , fruits and vegetables to commercial growers and amateur gardeners . The production of seed

1660-567: Is driven by factors such as oil price spikes , the need for increased energy security , concern over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels , and support from government subsidies . In Europe and in the US, increased research and production of biofuels have been mandated by law. Oleochemistry Oleochemistry is the study of vegetable oils and animal oils and fats , and oleochemicals derived from these fats and oils. The resulting product can be called oleochemicals (from Latin: oleum "olive oil"). The major product of this industry

1743-466: Is for making soaps and detergents . Lauric acid is used to produce sodium lauryl sulfate and related compounds, which are used to make soaps and other personal care products. Other applications of oleochemicals include the production of lubricants , solvents , biodiesel and bioplastics . Due to the use of methyl esters in biodiesel production, they represent the fastest growing sub-sector of oleochemical production in recent years. Through

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1826-419: Is governed by a biennial conference representing each member country and the European Union , which elects a 49-member executive council. The director-general, as of 2019 Qu Dongyu of China, serves as the chief administrative officer. Various committees govern matters such as finance, programs, agriculture, and fisheries. An agriculturist , agriculturalist, agrologist, or agronomist (abbreviated as agr.)

1909-563: Is soap, approximately 8.9×10 tons of which were produced in 1990. Other major oleochemicals include fatty acids , fatty acid methyl esters , fatty alcohols and fatty amines . Glycerol is a side product of all of these processes. Intermediate chemical substances produced from these basic oleochemical substances include alcohol ethoxylates , alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, quaternary ammonium salts , monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), structured triacylglycerols (TAG), sugar esters, and other oleochemical products. As

1992-413: Is someone employed for labor in agriculture. In labor law, the term "farmworker" is sometimes used more narrowly, applying only to a hired worker involved in agricultural production, including harvesting, but not to a worker in other on- farm jobs, such as picking fruit. Agricultural work varies widely depending on context, degree of mechanization and crop. In countries like the United States where there

2075-679: Is taking a minority interest). In November 2018, Avril launched Oleo100, a fuel created from French rapeseed (and the first 100% vegetable fuel produced in France). In January 2019, Avril acquired Lecico, a German company specialized in lecithin and Phospholipids . Saipol, a subsidiary of Avril, launched OleoZE in February 2020, a purchasing service for sustainable French oilseeds . The platform enables farmers and collecting organizations to market their rapeseed and sunflower seeds by rewarding farming practices that reduce [[CO 2 emissions]]. From

2158-402: Is the largest producer of table oils in France ( Lesieur , Puget , Fruit d'Or , Soléou , Guénard ), Morocco ( Lesieur Cristal ) and Romania ( Bunica ). By contributing to 1.2 million tons of oil in 2014, Avril participated in the daily supply of 81 million individuals. The group also manufactures oil and vegetable based sauces and condiments. Avril produces under the brand Diester ,

2241-551: The AP stylebook , also farmer's market in the Cambridge Dictionary ) is a physical retail marketplace intended to sell foods directly by farmers to consumers. Farmers' markets may be indoors or outdoors and typically consist of booths, tables or stands where farmers sell their produce, live animals and plants , and sometimes prepared foods and beverages. Farmers' markets exist in many countries worldwide and reflect

2324-518: The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Austrade , and New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE). The Federation of International Trade Associations publishes studies and reports by FAS and AAFC, as well as other non-governmental organizations on its website. In their book A Concept of Agribusiness , Ray Goldberg and John Davis provided

2407-514: The French Federation of Oilseed Producers (FOP), bringing together nearly 100,000 producers. Sofiprotéol had five employees in 1983. It was chaired by Jean-Claude Sabin, with general management entrusted to Philippe Tillous-Borde , an agricultural engineer specialized in industrial investments. Together, they ran the company for nearly 20 years. From the beginning, the objectives of Sofiprotéol were to financially secure production for

2490-642: The French Institute of Petroleum (IFP) launched the first studies establishing a biofuel based on methyl rapeseed esters in 1987. After three years of experimentation, Diester was launched in 1990. From 1991 to 1995, the EU allocated FF300 million to support innovative projects in non-food applications of farming products, including biofuels. In 1992, France authorized the incorporation of biofuels in diesel up to 5% and to 30% for company vehicles. Sofiprotéol developed industrial activity through involvement in

2573-876: The U.S. is held at the National Agricultural Library where the earliest catalogs date from the late 18th century, with most published from the 1890s to the present. A fertilizer ( American English ) or fertiliser ( British English ) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients . Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments . Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced. For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock flour for micronutrients. Farmers apply these fertilizers in

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2656-403: The fatty alcohols . For some applications, fatty acids are converted to fatty nitriles. Hydrogenated of these nitriles gives fatty amines , which have a variety of applications. Liquid oil can also be immobilized in a 3D-network provided by various molecules called oleogelators. The largest application for oleochemicals, about 30% of market share for fatty acids and 55% for fatty alcohols,

2739-437: The triglycerides produces fatty acids and glycerol follows this equation: To this end, hydrolysis is conducted in water at 250 °C. The cleavage of triglycerides with base proceeds more quickly than hydrolysis, the process being saponification . Saponification however produces soap, whereas the desired product of hydrolysis are the fatty acids. Fats react with alcohols (R'OH) instead of with water in hydrolysis in

2822-651: The 1970s, the National Syndicate of Agricultural Techniques (CNTA), a key player of the Protein Plan, became the industrial tool of the French oilseed sector. Its bankruptcy in 1983 undermined the sector most tied to production. To refloat, the interprofessional organizations decided to create a financial fund: Sofiprotéol. The new company has been considered as a financial player in the French sector of vegetable oils and proteins. Its shareholders have included many agricultural stakeholders: UNIP, ONIDOL, and

2905-537: The 1996 creation of Novance and the 2008 acquisition of Oleon , Avril Group has dominated the European market of oleochemistry. Southeast Asian countries' rapid production growth of palm oil and palm kernel oil in the 1980s spurred the oleochemical industry in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Many oleochemical plants were built. Though a nascent and small industry when pitted against big detergent giants in

2988-537: The 19th century, after innovations in plant nutrition , an agricultural industry developed around synthetically created agrochemical fertilizers . This transition was important in transforming the global food system , allowing for larger-scale industrial agriculture with large crop yields. Nitrogen-fixing chemical processes, such as the Haber process invented at the beginning of the 20th century, and amplified by production capacity created during World War II, led to

3071-657: The 2008 acquisition of the Belgian company Oleon , the group has been the European leader in oleochemistry. With the 2010 acquisition of Expur in Romania, the Group gained a firm foothold in the oilseed production basin of Eastern Europe and the Black Sea . In 2011, Lesieur Cristal was acquired, Morocco 's leader in not only oils and seeds, but also soaps. Through the Green Morocco Plan , Sofiprotéol supported

3154-564: The Group took stake in Glon Sanders , a leader in the French animal feed sector and a major outlet for oilseed. Glon was fully acquired in 2012. With the 2003 acquisition of Lesieur and Puget in 2004, the group became the primary manufacturer of edible oils in France. Between 2007 and 2008, six new units tripled the production of biodiesel, thanks to the Biofuel Plan launched by French public authorities. The 2000s were marked by

3237-964: The Group's animal activities. It includes the processing and sales of farm products (particularly eggs and pork). These activities are dedicated to either human consumption or animal nutrition. It employed 2 118 people in 2020 for an EBITDA of €21 million. The main subsidiaries of the Avril Livestock Sector are Sanders, Imevia, Sunfeed, Kiriel. Through Sanders , Adonial , and others companies, Avril produces and sells rapeseed and sunflower oilseed meal . Extracted from oilseeds, these solid residues are rich in protein. Crushed and mixed with other ingredients ( protein , grains , vitamins , etc.), they are intended to feed farm animals such as pigs, cattle, poultry, and rabbits. 2.7 million tons of animal feed are sold each year to Avril's partner farmers (26,000). One hundred million chickens are fed annually by Avril. European rapeseed and sunflower press cakes are

3320-525: The US and Europe, oleochemical companies in southeast Asia had competitive edge in cheap ingredients. The US fatty chemical industry found it difficult to consistently maintain acceptable levels of profits. Competition was intense with market shares divided among many companies there where neither imports nor exports played a significant role. By the late 1990s, giants like Henkel , Unilever , and Petrofina sold their oleochemical factories to focus on higher profit activities like retail of consumer goods. Since

3403-415: The agribusiness industry. This division brings together four activities: proteochemistry (renewable chemistry derived from plant oil cakes), treatment of byproducts from the food industry, transformation of organic waste into fertilizers and purchases of raw materials for third parties. This division includes in particular: -       Terrial (organic fertilization), in which Suez holds 25% of

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3486-626: The agro-industry and in related sectors such as dairy processing . Sofiprotéol is committed to its partners on a permanent basis. The company strengthens the equity of companies, supporting them in their strategic decisions and modernization. Following restructuring ratified in 2015, the shareholders of Sofiprotéol – Crédit Agricole , Natixis , Unigrains – became more involved. With a capital base from 70 to 330 million euros, Sofiprotéol intends to expand its scope of action to new sectors of agro-industry. Sofiprotéol has invested €276M since 2015, of which 11% has been invested in innovation. Xavier Dorchies

3569-445: The amateur gardener. Most seed companies or resellers that sell to retail produce a catalog, for seed to be sown the following spring, that is generally published during early winter. These catalogs are eagerly awaited by the amateur gardener, as during winter months there is little that can be done in the garden so this time can be spent planning the following year’s gardening. The largest collection of nursery and seed trade catalogs in

3652-543: The benefit of farms , food, and agribusiness-related organizations. Agriculturists usually are designated in the government as public agriculturists serving as agriculture policymakers or technical advisors for policy making. Agriculturists can also provide technical advice for farmers and farm workers such as in making crop calendars and workflows to optimize farm production, tracing agricultural market channels, prescribing fertilizers and pesticides to avoid misuse , and in aligning for organic accreditation or

3735-529: The book " A Concept of Agribusiness ." "Agribusiness is the sum total of all operations involved in the manufacture and distribution of farm supplies; production operations on the farm; and the storage, processing, and distribution of farm commodities and items made from them." (Davis and Goldberg, 1956) Their book argued against the New Deal programs of then U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt as it led to

3818-485: The book " Agribusiness Management Resource Materials " (1971) which would be the foundation of current agribusiness programs around the world. In 1973, Drilon and Goldberg further expanded the concept of agribusiness to include support organizations such as governments , research institutions , schools, financial institutions, and cooperatives within the integrated Agribusiness System. Mark R. Edwards and Clifford J. Shultz II (2005) of Loyola University Chicago reframed

3901-418: The capital since 2019. -       Evertree, founded in 2016, which designs and develops alternatives to the traditional chemical intermediates generating volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Derived from rapeseed cake, the products and technologies developed by Evertree permit the design of wood composite panels that are more economical, and safe for health and more environmentally friendly. In 2019,

3984-445: The company Prolein. The protein will be extracted by an innovative process without chemical solvents. The company Olatein will produce the vegetable protein for producers of vegetable juices, steak and protein bars. The Avril Végétal sector brings together vegetable processing activities from rapeseed and sunflower grains, as well as the sale of the resulting products. The sunflower and rapeseed seeds are collected then crushed to extract

4067-593: The concept of social entrepreneurship . The term value chain was first popularized in a book published in 1985 by Michael Porter , who used it to illustrate how companies could achieve what he called “competitive advantage” by adding value within their organization. Subsequently, the term was adopted for agricultural development purposes and has now become very much in vogue among those working in this field, with an increasing number of bilateral and multilateral aid organisations using it to guide their development interventions. An agricultural supply store or agrocenter

4150-451: The crushing of organic oilseeds, intended to produce 100% French livestock feed and organic oils. In 2021, Avril decided to refocus on plants. The group sold the biosafety company Théséo and announced that it would also sell its egg and pork activities. In Dieppe, together with the Dutch group DSM, Avril is building a unit dedicated to the production of rapeseed proteins, which is being run by

4233-528: The definition of agribusiness to emphasize its lack of focus on farm production but towards market centricity and innovative approach to serve consumers worldwide. "Agribusiness is a dynamic and systemic endeavor that serves consumers globally and locally through innovation and management of multiple value chains that deliver valued goods and services derived from sustainable orchestration of food, fiber and natural resources." (Edwards and Shultz, 2005) In 2012, Thomas L. Sporleder and Michael A. Boland defined

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4316-473: The distribution and packaging of Oils, primarily for the food, cosmetics and food service industries. The Lesieur subsidiary of the Avril Group became the majority shareholder of SPHB (Société de Production des Huiles de Bourbon). In 2016, the Group invested in a new factory, inaugurated by Manuel Valls , for the bottling and packaging of Lesieur vegetable oils in Bassens . In 2016, the Avril Group launched

4399-763: The efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises as well as to ensure sustainability of natural and renewable resources. Primary food processing turns agricultural products, such as raw wheat kernels or livestock, into something that can eventually be eaten. This category includes ingredients that are produced by ancient processes such as drying , threshing , winnowing and milling grain, shelling nuts , and butchering animals for meat. It also includes deboning and cutting meat, freezing and smoking fish and meat, extracting and filtering oils, canning food, preserving food through food irradiation , and candling eggs , as well as homogenizing and pasteurizing milk . A farmers' market (or farmers market according to

4482-755: The establishment of the first undergraduate program in agribusiness in 1966 at the UP College of Agriculture in Los Baños, Philippines as Bachelor of Science in Agriculture major in Agribusiness. The program was initially a joint undertaking with the UP College of Business Administration in Diliman, Quezon City until 1975. Jose D. Drilon of the University of the Philippines then published

4565-401: The farmhouse and agricultural buildings as well as the land. In modern times, the term has been extended so as to include such industrial operations as wind farms and fish farms , both of which can operate on land or at sea. There are about 570 million farms in the world, most of which are small and family-operated. Small farms with a land area of fewer than 2 hectares operate on about 12% of

4648-488: The field and distributed by overhead high-pressure water devices. Micro-irrigation is a system that distributes water under low pressure through a piped network and applies it as a small discharge to each plant. Micro-irrigation uses less pressure and water flow than sprinkler irrigation. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone of plants. Subirrigation has been used in field crops in areas with high water tables for many years. It involves artificially raising

4731-414: The first European center developing plant chemistry based on oilseed biomass, collaborating with hundreds of researchers. Through the 1996 creation of Novance and the 2008 acquisition of Oleon , Avril has dominated the European market of oleochemistry . Oleochemistry is a branch of "plant chemistry" developing chemical molecules, commonly referred to as bio-based molecules. Avril manufactures and markets

4814-544: The group adopted the name of Avril in 2015, during a change in governance and legal structure, and became a partnership limited by shares. The Avril group operates in 19 countries and employs 7,350 employees. In 2021, its sales revenues amounted to 6.9 billion euros. It holds a portfolio of leading brands in several markets, particularly in Europe and Africa. In 1962, the Dillon Round world trade negotiations led to

4897-408: The increase in agricultural prices. Davis and Goldberg favored corporate-driven agriculture or large-scale farming to revolutionize the agriculture sector, lessening the dependency on state power and politics. They explained in the book that vertically integrated firms within the agricultural value chains have the ability to control prices and where they are distributed. Goldberg then assisted in

4980-509: The inedible parts of plants and agricultural waste ( lignin , cellulose ) to produce food and energy. In 2013, The group launched a production of biodiesel based on animal fats and waste oils. The group participates in BioTfueL , a program that develops biodiesel and biokerosene from forestry waste (straw, wood, etc.). Avril also initiated Institute PIVERT, in Picardy . Institute PIVERT is

5063-399: The joint venture with BPI France and BPT commercialized a solution that reduces the presence of petrosourced resin and the pollution linked to the volatile organic compounds generated by these resins. Main subsidiaries: Adonial, Terrial, Feed Alliance, Evertree Sofiprotéol assists with loans and equity investments for over a hundred companies, representing approximately 80,000 employees in

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5146-749: The largest dairy company in the US, Amul , the largest food product marketing organization in India and Zen-Noah , a federation of agricultural cooperatives that handles 70% of the sales of chemical fertilizers in Japan. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security . Its Latin motto, fiat panis , translates to "let there be bread". It

5229-658: The local culture and economy. The size of the market may be just a few stalls or it may be as large as several city blocks. Due to their nature, they tend to be less rigidly regulated than retail produce shops. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education . The field of 'extension' now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture , agricultural marketing , health , and business studies . Extension practitioners can be found throughout

5312-635: The major strategic and financial decisions of Avril. In 2020, it consisted of  nine members, four from the FOP, three qualified professionals and two former executives or former corporate officers of the Group: Agribusiness Studies of business growth and performance in farming have found successful agricultural businesses are cost-efficient internally and operate in favorable economic, political, and physical-organic environments. They are able to expand and make profits, improve

5395-882: The management of biodiesel production facilities. This was the beginning of the biodiesel industry, marked by the construction of the first plant in Compiègne in 1988. In 1993, Sofiprotéol opened a large rapeseed and sunflower seed crushing factory in Grand-Couronne , near Rouen . With a capacity of 360,000 tons, the site supplied a new factory dedicated to the production of biodiesel in 1995. During this period, Sofiprotéol augmented and extended its sector strategy by developing its work in oleochemistry , biotechnologies , animal feed, and nutrition. In 1996, Sofiprotéol created Novance in partnership with Rhône-Poulenc Chimie. Novance produced products derived from vegetable oils for non-food applications, such as glycerin . In 1998,

5478-531: The national agricultural quality standards . Studies of agribusiness often come from the academic fields of agricultural economics and management studies , sometimes called agribusiness management. To promote more development of food economies, many government agencies support the research and publication of economic studies and reports exploring agribusiness and agribusiness practices. Some of these studies are on foods produced for export and are derived from agencies focused on food exports. These agencies include

5561-497: The price of crude oil rose in the late 1970s, manufacturers switched from petrochemicals to oleochemicals because plant-based lauric oils processed from palm kernel oil were cheaper. Since then, palm kernel oil is predominantly used in the production of laundry detergent and personal care items like toothpaste, soap bars, shower cream and shampoo. Important process in oleochemical manufacturing include hydrolysis and transesterification, among others. The splitting (or hydrolysis) of

5644-427: The primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used for specialized units such as arable farms , vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy, pig and poultry farms, and land used for the production of natural fiber , biofuel , and other commodities . It includes ranches, feedlots , orchards, plantations and estates, smallholdings, and hobby farms, and includes

5727-571: The productivity of land , labor , and capital , and keep their costs down to ensure market price competitiveness. Agribusiness is not limited to farming. It encompasses a broader spectrum through the agribusiness system which includes input supplies, value-addition , marketing , entrepreneurship , microfinancing , and agricultural extension . In some countries like the Philippines , creation and management of agribusiness enterprises require consultation with registered agriculturists above

5810-642: The public authorities. The aim of the plan was to increase the production of oilseed rape, sunflower, peas, flax and field beans through creating a chain of French vegetable oil and protein. Two interprofessional organizations emerged : the National Interbranch Union of Protein-rich plants (UNIP) in 1976 and the National Interbranch Organisation of Oilseed and Oil fruits (ONIDOL) in 1978. These organizations merged in 2015, giving birth to Terres Univia . In

5893-421: The removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given location, is often studied in conjunction with irrigation. There are several methods of irrigation that differ in how water is supplied to plants. Surface irrigation , also known as gravity irrigation, is the oldest form of irrigation and has been in use for thousands of years. In sprinkler irrigation , water is piped to one or more central locations within

5976-469: The responsibility of agribusiness to be environmentally and socially conscious towards sustainability . "Agribusiness is the interrelated and interdependent industries in agriculture that supply, process, distribute, and support the products of agriculture." (Goldberg, 2017) Some agribusinesses have adopted the triple bottom line framework such as aligning for fair trade , organic , good agricultural practices , and B-corporation certifications towards

6059-504: The status of a limited partnership with share capital (SCA), historical shareholders of Sofiprotéol, the oilseed producers intend to remain at the heart of the project led by Avril. The supervisory board is composed of eight members, six of which represent FIDOP, FOP, and Fondation Avril. Within this council also sit two elected staff members of the group. The supervisory board is currently chaired by Jacques Siret , President of Terre Univia . The management board of Avril Gestion decides on

6142-443: The unique economic characteristics of agribusiness supply chains from industrial manufacturing and service supply chains. They have identified seven main characteristics: In 2017, noting the rise of genetic engineering and biotechnology in agriculture, Goldberg further expanded the definition of agribusiness which covers all the interdependent aspects of the food system including medicine, nutrition, and health. He also emphasized

6225-534: The various players in the sector and to ensure an industrial outlet for oilseeds and protein crops. It first played the role of a financial institution as development bank in the sector. Then, in the following years, the company took over assets in the field of crushing seeds , seeds, and packaging of edible oils. This was the beginning of extending the agricultural sector with the construction of an industrial chain, from farmers, to seed storage agencies and seed producers. In search of French rapeseed markets, ONIDOL with

6308-458: The vegetable oil and oil seed meal, destined for animal feed. Edible oil produced from this activity include Lesieur, Puget, Soléou, and Guénard in  France; Lesieur Cristal in Morocco; and Bunica in Romania. It employed 3,279 people in 2020 for an EBITDA of €93,2 million. In 2020, 3.3 million tons of seeds were transformed by Avril. Main subsidiaries: Saipol, Expur, Kerfoot, Lecico, Novastell, Lesieur, Lesieur, Cristal, Costa d'Oro. Avril Group

6391-404: The water table to moisten the soil below the root zone of plants. Irrigation water can come from groundwater (extracted from springs or by using wells ), from surface water (withdrawn from rivers , lakes or reservoirs ) or from non-conventional sources like treated wastewater , desalinated water , drainage water , or fog collection . Irrigation can be supplementary to rainfall , which

6474-459: The world's agricultural land, and family farms comprise about 75% of the world's agricultural land. Agricultural engineering , also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical , civil , electrical , food science , environmental , software , and chemical engineering to improve

6557-697: The world, usually working for government agencies. They are represented by several professional organizations, networks and extension journals. An agricultural cooperative , also known as a farmers' co-op, is a producer cooperative in which farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activities. A broad typology of agricultural cooperatives distinguishes between agricultural service cooperatives, which provide various services to their individually-farming members, and agricultural production cooperatives in which production resources (land, machinery) are pooled and members farm jointly. Notable examples of agricultural cooperatives include Dairy Farmers Of America ,

6640-449: The world. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during times of below-average rainfall. In addition to these uses, irrigation is also employed to protect crops from frost , suppress weed growth in grain fields, and prevent soil consolidation . It is also used to cool livestock , reduce dust , dispose of sewage , and support mining operations. Drainage , which involves

6723-499: Was formerly known as Sofiprotéol, became a limited partnership with share capital " société en commandite par actions " and adopted the name "Avril" in 2015. This operation allows the Group's industrial activities to be more clearly distinguished from those of its investment company (which kept the name Sofiprotéol). The Avril Group announced the acquisition of the Kerfoot Group in 2015, a UK family-owned company specialized in

6806-652: Was founded on 16 October 1945. The FAO comprises 195 members, including 194 countries and the European Union . Its headquarters is in Rome , Italy, and it maintains regional and field offices worldwide, operating in over 130 countries. It helps governments and development agencies coordinate their activities to improve and develop agriculture, forestry , fisheries , and land and water resources . It also conducts research, provides technical assistance to projects, operates educational and training programs, and collects agricultural output, production, and development data. The FAO

6889-469: Was nominated Chief Operating Officer of Sofiprotéol, succeeding Michel Boucly in January 2020. Sofiprotéol is committed in the following activities: The historical shareholders of the group are: With the restructuring, a new player entered into the group's capital in 2014: Fondation Avril. Avril Group is a limited partnership with share capital (SCA) comprising two categories of partners: By adopting

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