63-568: (Redirected from BP Natural World Book Prize ) [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Natural World Book Prize" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( June 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) The Natural World Book Prize
126-467: A "proudly liberal newspaper". The paper has highlighted what it refers to as war crimes being committed by pro-government forces in the Darfur region of Sudan. The paper has been a strong supporter of electoral reform . In 1997, The Independent on Sunday launched a campaign for the decriminalisation of cannabis. Ten years later, it reversed itself, arguing that skunk, the cannabis strain "smoked by
189-514: A "viewspaper", saying it "was started as an antidote to the idea of journalism as views not news. That was why it was called the Independent. Today it is avowedly a viewspaper not merely a newspaper". The Independent criticised Blair's comments the following day; it later changed format to include a "Viewspaper" insert in the centre of the regular newspaper, designed to feature most of the opinion columns and arts reviews. A leader published on
252-447: A Whale 2000 - Brian Clarke - The Stream 2001 - No Award 2002 - Edward O. Wilson - The Future of Life See also [ edit ] List of environmental awards Sources [ edit ] List of winners , from The Booklist Center, accessed 14 May 2009 Six line up for lesser-spotted Booker prize , Michael McCarthy, The Independent , 30 November 1998 BP Natural World Book Prize , design of one of
315-416: A bloodless, value-free news-sheet. We have always been committed to social justice", but the paper recognised that it was up the readers to "make up [their] own mind about whether you agree with us or not". Rather than support a particular party, the paper urged all its reader to vote as "a responsibility of common citizenship". On 4 May 2015, the weekday version of The Independent said that a continuation of
378-537: A board director. In 2009, Lebedev had bought a controlling stake in the Evening Standard . Two weeks later, editor Roger Alton resigned. In July 2011, The Independent ' s columnist Johann Hari was stripped of the Orwell Prize he had won in 2008 after claims, to which Hari later admitted, of plagiarism and inaccuracy. In January 2012, Chris Blackhurst , editor of The Independent , told
441-417: A children's naturalist club. By the late 1980s membership had reached 200,000, increasing to 260,000 in 1995, and over 500,000 by 2004. The combined membership for 2007 stood at 670,000 members, 108,000 belonging to the junior branch Wildlife Watch. By 2012, membership was over 800,000, with over 150,000 Wildlife Watch members. The Independent The Independent is a British online newspaper . It
504-500: A common interest in wildlife and biodiversity, rooted in a practical tradition of land management and conservation. Almost all Wildlife Trusts are significant landowners, with many nature reserves. Collectively they are the third largest voluntary sector landowners in the UK. They often have extensive educational activities, and programmes of public events and education. The Wildlife Trusts centrally and locally also lobby for better protection of
567-406: A compact design until the print edition was discontinued. On 12 April 2005, The Independent redesigned its layout to a more European feel, similar to France's Libération . The redesign was carried out by a Barcelona-based design studio. The weekday second section was subsumed within the main paper, double-page feature articles became common in the main news sections, and there were revisions to
630-448: A new look, better access to the blog service, priority on image and video content, and additional areas of the site including art, architecture, fashion, gadgets and health. The paper launched podcast programmes such as "The Independent Music Radio Show", "The Independent Travel Guides", "The Independent Sailing Podcasts", and "The Independent Video Travel Guides". Since 2009, the website has carried short video news bulletins provided by
693-441: A serious paper". The first edition was designed and implemented by Michael Crozier, who was Executive Editor, Design and Picture, from pre-launch in 1986 to 1994. From September 2003, the paper was produced in both broadsheet and tabloid-sized versions, with the same content in each. The tabloid edition was termed "compact" to distance itself from the more sensationalist reporting style usually associated with "tabloid" newspapers in
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#1732793651866756-461: A stake of about a third each by mid-1994. In March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into O'Reilly's Independent News & Media (43%), MGN (43%), and Prisa (publisher of El País ) (12%). In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, O'Reilly bought the other shares of the company for £30 million, and assumed
819-447: A wholly owned and operated Spanish language edition. The Independent began publishing as a broadsheet, in a series of celebrated designs. The final version was designed by Carroll, Dempsey and Thirkell following a commission by Nicholas Garland who, along with Alexander Chancellor , was unhappy with designs produced by Raymond Hawkey and Michael McGuiness – on seeing the proposed designs, Chancellor had said "I thought we were joining
882-407: Is a member of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS) . The Wildlife Trusts offer a Biodiversity Benchmark scheme through which companies can be assessed and recognised for their contribution to biodiversity. The assessment covers the organisation's performance under the headings of "Commitment, Planning, Implementation, and Monitoring and Review". The Wildlife Trusts are one of
945-641: Is published under license, and owned and managed by Saudi Research and Media Group (SRMG), a major publishing organization with close ties to the Saudi royal family. In the 2024 United Kingdom general election , The Independent endorsed the Labour Party , although added what it termed as a warning that: “Labour must turn its promises into policies that benefit the hardworking and hopeful people of this country”. The Independent : The Independent on Sunday : There have also been various guest editors over
1008-559: The Al Jazeera English news channel. From 2009, the website started carrying short video news bulletins provided by the al Jazeera English news channel. Over the years this developed to the point that the website regularly featured video content in its news reports. Some of this was syndicated and sourced from other news channels and providers, but The Independent gradually increased numbers in its own video team. In addition to putting together short-form video news reports,
1071-625: The Jayson Blair case, which led to resignations of editors, "deep soul-searching", and "new standards of exactitude being imposed". The historian Guy Walters suggested that Hari's fabrications had been an open secret among the newspaper's staff and that their internal inquiry was a "facesaving exercise". The Independent and The Independent on Sunday endorsed "Remain" in the Brexit referendum . In March 2016, The Independent decided to close its print edition and become an online newspaper ;
1134-472: The Leveson inquiry that the scandal had "severely damaged" the newspaper's reputation. He nevertheless told the inquiry that Hari would return as a columnist in "four to five weeks". Hari later announced that he would not return to The Independent . Jonathan Foreman contrasted The Independent ' s reaction to the scandal unfavourably with the reaction of American newspapers to similar incidents such as
1197-609: The i , a compact sister newspaper, was launched. The i is a separate newspaper but uses some of the same material. It was later sold to regional newspaper company Johnston Press , becoming that publisher's flagship national newspaper. The online news site indy100 was announced by The Independent in February 2016, to be written by journalists but with stories selected by 'upvotes' from readers. The Independent supported U2 lead singer Bono's Product RED brand by creating The (RED) Independent , an occasional edition that gave half
1260-556: The British press was "unduly besotted" with the Royal Family and that a newspaper could "manage without" stories about the monarchy. In 2007, Alan Rusbridger , editor of The Guardian , said of The Independent : "The emphasis on views, not news, means that the reporting is rather thin, and it loses impact on the front page the more you do that". In a 12 June 2007 speech, British Prime Minister Tony Blair called The Independent
1323-536: The Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition after the general election would be a positive outcome. At the end of July 2018, The Independent led a campaign they called the "Final Say", a change.org petition by former editor Christian Broughton , for a binding referendum on the Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. As of October 2018, Independent Arabia was launched. It
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#17327936518661386-623: The Elephants 1993 - Edward O. Wilson - The Diversity of Life 1994 - Oliver Rackham - The Illustrated History of the Countryside 1995 - Colin Tudge - The Day Before Yesterday 1996 - David Quammen - The Song of the Dodo 1997 - Graham Harvey - The Killing of the Countryside 1998 - David Attenborough - The Life of Birds 1999 - Steve Jones - Almost Like
1449-637: The Promotion of Nature Reserves (SPNR), which was formed by Charles Rothschild in 1912. It aimed initially to draw up a list of the country's best wildlife sites with a view to purchase for protection as nature reserves, and by 1915 it had drawn up a list of 284 (including the Farne Islands and the Norfolk Broads ), known as Rothschild Reserves. During the early years, membership tended to be made up of specialist naturalists and its growth
1512-550: The Trusts have a combined membership of over 870,000 members. The Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts (RSWT) is an independent charity, with a membership formed of the 46 individual charitable Trusts. It acts as an umbrella group for the individual Wildlife Trusts, as well as operating a separate Grants Unit which administers a number of funds. King Charles III serves as the patron of the Wildlife Trusts. David Bellamy
1575-481: The UK's natural heritage, by becoming involved in planning matters and by national campaigning through the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts . The Trusts rely heavily upon volunteer labour for many of their activities, but nevertheless employ significant numbers of staff in countryside management and education. Thanks to their work promoting the personal and social development of young people, The Wildlife Trusts
1638-545: The UK, preferring to remain focused on hard news (similarly to the tabloid-size edition of The Times . ) After launching in the London area and then in North West England , the smaller format appeared gradually throughout the UK. Soon afterwards, Rupert Murdoch's Times followed suit, introducing its own tabloid-sized version. Prior to these changes, The Independent had a daily circulation of around 217,500,
1701-746: The United Kingdom Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from June 2022 All articles needing additional references Use dmy dates from April 2022 The Wildlife Trusts The Wildlife Trusts , the trading name of the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts , is an organisation made up of 46 local Wildlife Trusts in the United Kingdom , the Isle of Man and Alderney . The Wildlife Trusts, between them, look after more than 2,300 nature reserves , covering around 98,500 hectares (243,000 acres). As of 2020 ,
1764-691: The United States as Global COO and President (North AmericaUS), and former Editor Christian Broughton was appointed Chief Executive. In March 2024, Louise Thomas was appointed US Editor. In 2019, The Independent entered a long-term partnership with the Saudi Research & Media Group, who operate under license the Independent Arabia, Independent Turkish, Independent Persian and Independent Urdu language editions. In September 2020, The Independent launched Independent en Espanol,
1827-480: The app, and on Smart TV. In March 2023 The Independent released The Body in the Woods, a feature-length documentary by its Chief International Correspondent, Bel Trew. In 2014, The Independent launched a sister website, i100 , a "shareable" journalism site with similarities to Reddit and Upworthy . The Independent is generally described as centrist , centre-left , liberal , and liberal-left . When
1890-429: The company's debt. Brendan Hopkins headed Independent News, Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent , and Rosie Boycott became editor of The Independent on Sunday . Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, partly as a result of a limited promotional budget. Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book, My Trade . The newspaper
1953-629: The day of the 2008 London mayoral election compared the candidates and said that, if the newspaper had a vote, it would vote first for the Green Party candidate, Siân Berry , noting the similarity between her priorities and those of The Independent , and secondly, with "rather heavy heart", for the incumbent, Ken Livingstone . An Ipsos MORI poll estimated that in the 2010 United Kingdom general election , 44% of regular readers voted Liberal Democrat , 32% voted Labour , and 14% voted Conservative , compared to 23%, 29%, and 36%, respectively, of
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2016-451: The first issue of The Independent was published on 7 October in broadsheet format. It was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith , Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds . All three partners were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwell 's ownership. Marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of
2079-659: The first urban Wildlife Trust (now the Wildlife Trust for Birmingham and the Black Country ) was established in the West Midlands , rapidly followed by others in London, Bristol and Sheffield. This was a watershed for the movement that strengthened its focus on wildlife and people. It was during this period that some Trusts changed their names from Naturalist Societies to Trusts for Nature Conservation. In 2002
2142-423: The front and back covers. A new second section, "Extra", was introduced on 25 April 2006. It is similar to The Guardian ' s "G2" and The Times ' s "Times2", containing features, reportage and games, including sudoku . In June 2007, The Independent on Sunday consolidated its content into a news section which included sports and business, and a magazine focusing on life and culture. On 23 September 2008,
2205-589: The geographical areas they served. Encouraged by the growing number of Trusts, the SPNR began in 1957 to discuss the possibility of forming a national federation of Naturalists' Trusts. Kent Naturalists Trust was established in 1958 with SPNR being active in encouraging its formation. In the following year the SPNR established the County Naturalists' Committee, which organised the first national conference for Naturalists' Trusts at Skegness in 1960. By 1964,
2268-456: The group changed their name to The Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts. The badger logo was adopted by the movement to establish its common identity. Also in 2002, the newest wildlife trust was formed, in Alderney . As the number of Trusts grew, so did their combined membership, from 3,000 in 1960 to 21,000 in 1965. Membership topped 100,000 in 1975, and in that year Wildlife Watch was launched as
2331-569: The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016. The Independent on Sunday published its last print edition on 20 March 2016 and was closed following that. In 2017, Sultan Muhammad Abuljadayel bought a 30% stake in The Independent . Geordie Greig was appointed The Independent’s Editor-in-Chief in January 2023. He oversaw a period of editorial investment. Later in 2023, Chief Executive of IDNML Zach Leonard moved to
2394-609: The launch of the Sunday Correspondent four months prior, although this direct rival closed at the end of November 1990. Some aspects of production merged with the main paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff. In the 1990s, The Independent was faced with price cutting by the Murdoch titles, and started an advertising campaign accusing The Times and The Daily Telegraph of reflecting
2457-2484: The logos, accessed 14 May 2009 v t e BP Divisions Air BP BP Canada Lightsource BP Prudhoe Bay Trust Rosneft (19.75%) BP Shipping Subsidiaries Aral BP Pulse Castrol Castrol India Jio-bp TravelCenters of America Brands Ampm Amoco ARCO (Northern CA, OR, and WA locations) Thorntons To Go (BP and Amoco only) Facilities Atlantis Castrol Technology Centre Kingsbury Iolair Mad Dog Northstar Oil fields Sangachal Sea Quest Sullom Voe Sunbury Thunder Horse Sponsorships BP Ford World Rally Team BP National Championships BP Natural World Book Prize BP Pedestrian Bridge BP Portrait Award BP Top 8 BP Ultimate Acropolis Rally People Robert Anderson Sylvia Baca John Browne Robert Dudley William Fraser William D'Arcy Tony Hayward Robert Horton Angela Strank Doug Suttles Carl-Henric Svanberg Controversies Abadan crisis ARCO explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey Canyon oil spill Historical units Alyeska Pipeline Service Company Amoco Anglo-Egyptian Oilfields Anglo-Persian Oil Company Aral Atlantic Richfield BP Biofuels Highlands BP Solar Britoil Burmah Commonwealth Oil Refineries Deepwater Horizon FPSO Noble Seillean Iraq Kent Refinery Helios House Llandarcy Oil Refinery National Benzole Pure Planet (24%) Shell-Mex & BP Sohio Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (49%) Other Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case BP America Production Co. v. Burton BP Structure Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate D'Arcy Concession North Sea crash Opal [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Commons Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_World_Book_Prize&oldid=1092380913 " Categories : Environmental awards British non-fiction literary awards Awards established in 1987 1987 establishments in
2520-436: The lowest of any major national British daily, a figure that climbed by 15% as of March 2004 (to 250,000). Throughout much of 2006, circulation stagnated at a quarter of a million. On 14 May 2004, The Independent produced its last weekday broadsheet, having stopped producing a Saturday broadsheet edition in January. The Independent on Sunday published its last simultaneous broadsheet on 9 October 2005, and thereafter followed
2583-558: The magazine of the Wildlife Trusts. Winners [ edit ] 1987 - Chris Baines - The Wild Side of Town 1988 - Jeremy Purseglove - Taming of the Flood 1989 - Philip Wayre - Operation Otter 1990 - Jonathan Kingdon - Island Africa: The Evolution of Africa's Rare Animals and Plants 1991 - George Monbiot - Amazon Watershed 1992 - Iain Douglas Hamilton , Oria Douglas Hamilton - Battle for
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2646-399: The main newspaper became full-colour, and "Extra" was replaced by an "Independent Life Supplement" focusing on different themes each day. Three weeks after the acquisition of the paper by Alexander Lebedev and Evgeny Lebedev in 2010, the paper was relaunched with another redesign on 20 April. The new format featured smaller headlines and a new pullout "Viewspaper" section, which contained
2709-512: The majority of young Britons" in 2007, had become "25 times stronger than resin sold a decade ago". The paper's opinion on the British monarchy has sometimes been described as republican , though it officially identifies as reformist, wishing for a reformed monarchy that "reflects the nation over which it reigns and which is accountable to the people for its activities". Originally, it avoided royal stories, Whittam Smith later saying he thought
2772-416: The newspaper to a new company owned by the family of Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev for a nominal £1 fee and £9.25 million over the next 10 months, choosing this option over closing The Independent and The Independent on Sunday , which would have cost £28 million and £40 million respectively, due to long-term contracts. Alexander's son Evgeny became chairman of the new company, with Alexander becoming
2835-613: The newspaper was losing £5 million per year. A gradual improvement meant that by 2006, circulation was at a nine-year high. In November 2008, following further staff cuts, production was moved to Northcliffe House, in Kensington High Street, the headquarters of Associated Newspapers . The two newspaper groups' editorial, management and commercial operations remained separate, but they shared services including security, information technology, switchboard and payroll. On 25 March 2010, Independent News & Media sold
2898-492: The number of Trusts had increased to 36 and the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves had changed its name to The Society for the Promotion of Nature Conservation. In recognition of the movement's growing importance, its name was changed to The Royal Society for Nature Conservation in 1981. The movement continued to develop throughout the 1970s, and, by the early 1980s, most of today's Trusts had been established. In 1980,
2961-625: The overall electorate. On the eve of the 2010 general election, The Independent supported the Liberal Democrats, arguing that "they are longstanding and convincing champions of civil liberties, sound economics, international co-operation on the great global challenges and, of course, fundamental electoral reform. These are all principles that this newspaper has long held dear." Before the 2015 United Kingdom general election , The Independent on Sunday desisted from advising its readers how to vote, writing that "this does not mean that we are
3024-497: The paper was established in 1986, the founders intended its political stance to reflect the centre of the British political spectrum and thought that it would attract readers primarily from The Times and The Daily Telegraph . It has been seen as leaning to the left-wing of the political spectrum, making it more a competitor to The Guardian ; however, The Independent tends to take a liberal, pro-market stance on economic issues. The Independent on Sunday referred to itself as
3087-481: The paper went through several redesigns. While circulation increased, it did not approach the level which had been achieved in 1989, or restore profitability. Job cuts and financial controls reduced the morale of journalists and the quality of the product. Ivan Fallon, on the board since 1995 and formerly a key figure at The Sunday Times , replaced Hopkins as head of Independent News & Media in July 2002. By mid-2004,
3150-470: The paper's comment and feature articles. Following the 2003 switch in format, The Independent became known for its unorthodox and campaigning front pages, which frequently relied on images, graphics or lists rather than traditional headlines and written news content. For example, following the Kashmir earthquake in 2005, it used its front page to urge its readers to donate to its appeal fund, and following
3213-580: The paper. The paper was created at a time of a fundamental change in British newspaper publishing. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute . Consequently, production costs could be reduced which created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdoch's move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside. The Independent attracted some of
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#17327936518663276-659: The publication of the Hutton Report into the death of British government scientist David Kelly , its front page simply carried the word "Whitewash?" In 2003, the paper's editor, Simon Kelner, was named "Editor of the Year" at the What the Papers Say awards, partly in recognition of, according to the judges, his "often arresting and imaginative front-page designs". In 2008, as he was stepping down as editor, he stated that it
3339-460: The staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his company's new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan "It is. Are you?", and challenging both The Guardian for centre-left readers and The Times as the newspaper of record, The Independent reached a circulation of more than 400,000 by 1989. When The Independent launched The Independent on Sunday in 1990, sales were less than anticipated, partly due to
3402-439: The steering group partners of Neighbourhoods Green , a partnership initiative which works with social landlords and housing associations to highlight the importance of, and raise the overall quality of design and management for, open and green space in social housing. Kathryn Brown OBE was appointed as the charity’s first director of climate action in January 2022. Today's Wildlife Trust movement began life as The Society for
3465-411: The views of their proprietors, Rupert Murdoch and Conrad Black . It featured spoofs of the other papers' mastheads with the words The Rupert Murdoch or The Conrad Black , with The Independent below the main title. Newspaper Publishing had financial problems. A number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Tony O'Reilly 's media group and Mirror Group Newspapers (MGN) had bought
3528-416: The website soon began producing its own video and podcast series, including explainers, short documentary ‘on the ground’ style reports, and lifestyle and culture videos, including since 2017 the award-nominated series Millennial Love, later rebranded Love Lives. In late 2020 The Independent launched Independent TV, which saw the title’s video offering provided on many formats including on the web browser, in
3591-462: The years, such as Elton John on 1 December 2010, The Body Shop 's Anita Roddick on 19 June 2003 and U2 's Bono in 2006. The Independent sponsors the Longford Prize , in memory of Lord Longford . The Independent on Sunday ( IoS ) was the Sunday sister newspaper of The Independent . It ceased to exist in 2016, the last edition being published on 20 March. In October 2010,
3654-515: Was an award organised by The Wildlife Trusts , and presented to recognise environmental literature. Considered the premier environmental book prize in the UK, it was sometimes referred to as the 'green Booker '. It was formerly known as the BP Natural World Book Prize (after its sponsor, BP ), and in origin it was a merging of two previous awards, BP's Sir Peter Kent Book Prize , and a competition run by The Natural World ,
3717-894: Was comparatively slow. The first independent Trust was formed in Norfolk in 1926 as the Norfolk Naturalists Trust, followed in 1938 by the Pembrokeshire Bird Protection Society which after several subsequent changes of name is now the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales and it was not until the 1940s and 1950s that more Naturalists' Trusts were formed in Yorkshire (1946), Lincolnshire (1948), Leicestershire (1956) and Cambridgeshire (1956). These early Trusts tended to focus on purchasing land to establish nature reserves in
3780-687: Was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the Indy , it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards . The Independent won the Brand of the Year Award in The Drum Awards for Online Media 2023. Launched in 1986,
3843-631: Was owned by Tony O'Reilly 's Irish Independent News & Media from 1997 until it was sold to Alexander Lebedev in 2010. Boycott left in April 1998 to join the Daily Express , and Marr left in May 1998, later becoming the BBC 's political editor. Simon Kelner was appointed as the editor. By this time, the circulation had fallen below 200,000. Independent News spent heavily to increase circulation, and
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#17327936518663906-602: Was possible to "overdo the formula" and that the style of the paper's front pages perhaps needed "reinvention". Under the subsequent editorship of Chris Blackhurst , the campaigning, poster-style front pages were scaled back in favour of more conventional news stories. The weekday, Saturday and Sunday editions of The Independent all included supplements and pull-out subsections: Daily (Monday to Friday) The Independent : Saturday's The Independent : The Independent on Sunday : On 23 January 2008, The Independent relaunched its online edition. The relaunched site introduced
3969-573: Was president of The Wildlife Trusts for ten years between 1995 and 2005, and was succeeded by Aubrey Manning . Sir David Attenborough, Simon King and Tony Juniper are all Presidents Emeritus. Stephanie Hilborne OBE was chief executive for 15 years, and left in October 2019. Craig Bennett became CEO from April 6, 2020. Wildlife Trusts are local organisations of differing size, history and origins, and can vary greatly in their constitution, activities and membership. However, all Wildlife Trusts share
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