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35-566: The City of Oxford Motor Services Limited , trading as Oxford Bus Company , is a bus operator serving the city and surrounding area of Oxford , England . It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group . The City of Oxford and District Tramway Company served Oxford with horse-drawn trams from 1881. By 1898 its network served Abingdon Road , Banbury Road , Cowley Road , Walton Street and both Oxford and Oxford Rewley Road railway stations. Horse bus services developed to complement

70-420: A DBA must be registered with a local or state government, or both, depending on the jurisdiction. For example, California, Texas and Virginia require a DBA to be registered with each county (or independent city in the case of Virginia) where the owner does business. Maryland and Colorado have DBAs registered with a state agency. Virginia also requires corporations and LLCs to file a copy of their registration with

105-467: A DBA statement, though names including the first and last name of the owner may be accepted. This also reduces the possibility of two local businesses operating under the same name, although some jurisdictions do not provide exclusivity for a name, or may allow more than one party to register the same name. Note, though, that this is not a substitute for filing a trademark application. A DBA filing carries no legal weight in establishing trademark rights. In

140-476: A contract, invoice, or cheque, they must also add the legal name of the business. Numbered companies will very often operate as something other than their legal name, which is unrecognizable to the public. In Chile , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Ireland , businesses are legally required to register business names where these differ from

175-434: A simpler name rather than using their formal and often lengthier name. Trade names are also used when a preferred name cannot be registered, often because it may already be registered or is too similar to a name that is already registered. Using one or more fictitious business names does not create additional separate legal entities. The distinction between a registered legal name and a fictitious business name, or trade name,

210-413: A trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Brazil , a trade name is known as a nome fantasia ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called razão social (social name). In some Canadian jurisdictions , such as Ontario , when a businessperson writes a trade name on

245-498: Is important because fictitious business names do not always identify the entity that is legally responsible . Legal agreements (such as contracts ) are normally made using the registered legal name of the business. If a corporation fails to consistently adhere to such important legal formalities like using its registered legal name in contracts, it may be subject to piercing of the corporate veil . In English , trade names are generally treated as proper nouns . In Argentina ,

280-514: Is managed by OxonTime, which is a partnership between various bus companies and Oxfordshire County Council. Since 2018, Oxford Bus Company has run an annual initiative named 'Brand the Bus', in which local charities and causes in Oxford submit designs for a charitable all-over advertisement to be applied to an Oxford Bus Company double-decker bus for a two-year period. The top ten designs are voted on by

315-499: Is used to designate a trade name. In the United States , the phrase " doing business as " (abbreviated to DBA , dba , d.b.a. , or d/b/a ) is used, among others, such as assumed business name or fictitious business name . In Canada , " operating as " (abbreviated to o/a ) and " trading as " are used, although " doing business as " is also sometimes used. A company typically uses a trade name to conduct business using

350-806: The Great Western Railway having a minority shareholding. The fleet livery was red with maroon and pale green relief. Most of its buses were built on AEC chassis and running gear. Numerous former COMS buses have been preserved, including a large and notable collection at the Oxford Bus Museum in Long Hanborough in Oxfordshire. In 1969 COMS became a subsidiary of the National Bus Company , commencing greater integration of city and country services. In 1971,

385-466: The United Kingdom , there is no filing requirement for a "business name", defined as "any name under which someone carries on business" that, for a company or limited liability partnership, "is not its registered name", but there are requirements for disclosure of the owner's true name and some restrictions on the use of certain names. A minority of U.S. states, including Washington , still use

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420-665: The 'City' brand has further expanded with the addition of two express routes and the City46, the latter of which is partially funded by restauranteur Raymond Blanc . Commencing operations on 10 December 1973 at the site of a former waste disposal site in Redbridge , the first permanent system of its type in the United Kingdom, Oxford's Park & Ride network serves Oxford city centre via two routes serving four peripheral park & ride sites around Oxford. Service 300 runs from

455-532: The 1970s. In 1983, COMS was split into separate Oxford and South Midland units. Oxford Bus Company was allocated the Oxford city services and the London routes, and South Midland was allocated the remainder of the network. Both companies were subject to management buyouts . The South Midland company was soon resold to Thames Transit (later Stagecoach South Midlands ), which introduced minibus competition. Oxford Bus Company tried to counter this with minibuses under

490-769: The High Wycombe operation to Arriva . The company's long-established main depot in Cowley Road, Oxford was closed in 2004, replaced by a new depot opened in Watlington Road. Go-Ahead bought Thames Travel in June 2011 and Carousel Buses in February 2012. These companies act as subsidiaries of the Oxford Bus Company, sharing management but retaining their separate identities. In October 2019, it

525-590: The Oxford City Nipper brand name. In 1990, Oxford Bus Company acquired the High Wycombe operations of the Bee Line , and ran them under the Wycombe Bus brand name. In March 1994, Oxford Bus Company was purchased by the Go-Ahead Group , with the company formally rebranded to The Oxford Bus Company and its city services being given Cityline branding a few months afterwards. In 2000, Go-Ahead sold

560-424: The Oxford – London coach operator South Midland, which had been controlled by the neighbouring Thames Valley Traction company, was transferred to COMS and the fleet name for the entire operation became Oxford South Midland. An acute problem for the operator was the competition for staff with Morris Motors , whose Cowley factory was near the Oxford garage. One response was to move to one person operation of buses in

595-418: The U.S., trademark rights are acquired by use in commerce, but there can be substantial benefits to filing a trademark application. Sole proprietors are the most common users of DBAs. Sole proprietors are individual business owners who run their businesses themselves. Since most people in these circumstances use a business name other than their own name, it is often necessary for them to get DBAs. Generally,

630-418: The city. All Oxford Bus Company buses and coaches have automatic vehicle location (AVL) equipment installed which works via GPS technology. The AVL equipment installed on each bus or coach gives geographical location to within a few metres and is updating central control room every few seconds. This information technology can therefore be seen in real time at the central control room, which helps in managing

665-668: The company's City Sightseeing operations, and the remaining five buses from this order being Wright GB Kite Electroliner single deck buses. The first 21 battery-electric StreetDecks from this order were delivered in November 2023 for service on the BROOKESbus park and ride service, with an event being held in January 2024 to celebrate the launch of Oxford's electric bus fleet, in conjunction with an order by Stagecoach West for 55 Alexander Dennis Enviro400EVs for services in and around

700-534: The county or city to be registered with the State Corporation Commission. DBA statements are often used in conjunction with a franchise . The franchisee will have a legal name under which it may sue and be sued, but will conduct business under the franchiser's brand name (which the public would recognize). A typical real-world example can be found in a well-known pricing mistake case, Donovan v. RRL Corp. , 26 Cal. 4th 261 (2001), where

735-527: The fleet. The AVL equipment is also coupled to a real-time passenger information system at over 250 bus stop display screens around Oxford City and surrounding towns, and via a smartphone app . This coupled information technology system gives the public "predicted times" of bus and coach services around Oxford City and surrounding towns. Oxfordshire County Council also uses this information technology to provide traffic-light priority for buses at some road junctions. The real-time passenger information system

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770-538: The general public before being submitted by an internal judging panel to select an overall winner. Two organisations that had advertised on Oxford Bus Company buses in 2018 prior to the initiative being launched were Oxford Pride and the Oxfordshire Prostate Cancer Support Group. The past winners of the 'Brand the Bus' initiative were: Trading as In a number of countries, the phrase " trading as " (abbreviated to t/a )

805-402: The law is to protect the public from fraud, by compelling the business owner to first file or register his fictitious business name with the county clerk, and then making a further public record of it by publishing it in a newspaper. Several other states, such as Illinois , require print notices as well. In Uruguay , a trade name is known as a nombre fantasía , and the legal name of business

840-527: The management of the Oxford Bus Company. As of 2023, the Oxford Bus Company currently operates services under four route brands: A majority of Oxford Bus Company buses are branded in colour-coded 'City' branding for local bus services in and around the city of Oxford. This branding was first introduced in 2015 with the introduction of magenta Wright StreetDeck buses branded for the City5 before being progressively rolled out to ten other bus services. The scope of

875-461: The named defendant, RRL Corporation, was a Lexus car dealership doing business as " Lexus of Westminster ", but remaining a separate legal entity from Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. . In California , filing a DBA statement also requires that a notice of the fictitious name be published in local newspapers for some set period of time to inform the public of the owner's intent to operate under an assumed name . The intention of

910-444: The network, but was defeated by local opposition. In 1913–14, and under threat of competition from William Morris and Frank Gray , the tram company replaced its trams and horse buses with Daimler motor buses . In 1921, the company was renamed City of Oxford Motor Services Limited (COMS). It continued to expand its operations into the surrounding countryside. From the 1930s, COMS was controlled by British Electric Traction , with

945-489: The northern Pear Tree park & ride site to the southern Redbridge site, while service 400 runs from the western Seacourt site to the eastern Thornhill site. Most services are operated by Wright StreetDeck buses branded in black and purple liveries, 20 of which were originally purchased for use on the Park & Ride in 2016, replacing older Alexander Dennis Enviro400H buses used on the service. Park & Ride service 400

980-459: The surname(s) of the sole trader or partners, or the legal name of a company. The Companies Registration Office publishes a searchable register of such business names. In Japan , the word yagō ( 屋号 ) is used. In Colonial Nigeria , certain tribes had members that used a variety of trading names to conduct business with the Europeans. Two examples were King Perekule VII of Bonny , who

1015-469: The term trade name to refer to "doing business as" (DBA) names. In most U.S. states now, however, DBAs are officially referred to using other terms. Almost half of the states, including New York and Oregon , use the terms assumed business name or assumed name ; nearly as many, including Pennsylvania , use the term fictitious name . For consumer protection purposes, many U.S. jurisdictions require businesses operating with fictitious names to file

1050-515: The tramway network. By the early 20th century both Iffley Road and Woodstock Road were horse bus routes. On Saturdays only there were horse buses from Headington to the city centre and from Cowley village to the tram terminus in Cowley Road. In 1906 the City of Oxford Electric Tramways Company took over from the City of Oxford and District Tramway Company. It planned to electrify and expand

1085-500: The year. The service is operated by eighteen Mercedes-Benz Tourismo coaches acquired in 2019 and 2023, two of which were wrapped in advertisements for The Ashmolean museum in Oxford city centre. BROOKESbus is a network of services providing bus links between the campuses and student halls of the Oxford Brookes University , open to passengers regardless of whether they are students at the university. The service

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1120-530: Was announced that the X90 service between Oxford and London would be withdrawn from 4 January 2020, due to a 35% fall in passenger numbers since 2015 causing the route to be unprofitable. In June 2023, Go-Ahead announced it had acquired the Gloucestershire independent Pulhams Coaches. The Pulhams operation, consisting of 90 buses, operates 22 bus services and 126 employees, will remain a separate brand under

1155-644: Was initially launched in 2003 by Stagecoach in Oxfordshire with a fleet of eight buses, however the Oxford Bus Company would gain the contract to operate the service in 2009, with the BROOKESbus network being continuously operated by the company since. As of November 2023, Oxford Bus Company's fleet consists of up to 160 buses, minibuses and coaches, a majority of which are operated on local bus services in and around Oxford. The company currently operates 104 battery electric buses produced by Wrightbus . 91 buses from this order are Wright StreetDeck Electroliner double deckers, eight of them being open-top examples for

1190-553: Was known as Captain Pepple in trade matters, and King Jubo Jubogha of Opobo , who bore the pseudonym Captain Jaja . Both Pepple and Jaja would bequeath their trade names to their royal descendants as official surnames upon their deaths. In Singapore , there is no filing requirement for a "trading as" name, but there are requirements for disclosure of the underlying business or company's registered name and unique entity number. In

1225-580: Was merged with the BROOKESbus U1 service to operate between Harcourt Hill and Wheatley via Oxford Brookes University in September 2022. It is operated using Wright StreetDeck Electroliner battery electric buses delivered in November 2023, branded in grey livery. 'The Airline' is an express coach service linking Oxford with London Heathrow Airport every twenty minutes and Gatwick Airport every hour, with both services operating every day of

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