Misplaced Pages

#738261

50-566: The City of Oxford Motor Services Limited , trading as Oxford Bus Company , is a bus operator serving the city and surrounding area of Oxford , England . It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group . The City of Oxford and District Tramway Company served Oxford with horse-drawn trams from 1881. By 1898 its network served Abingdon Road , Banbury Road , Cowley Road , Walton Street and both Oxford and Oxford Rewley Road railway stations. Horse bus services developed to complement

100-420: A DBA must be registered with a local or state government, or both, depending on the jurisdiction. For example, California, Texas and Virginia require a DBA to be registered with each county (or independent city in the case of Virginia) where the owner does business. Maryland and Colorado have DBAs registered with a state agency. Virginia also requires corporations and LLCs to file a copy of their registration with

150-467: A DBA statement, though names including the first and last name of the owner may be accepted. This also reduces the possibility of two local businesses operating under the same name, although some jurisdictions do not provide exclusivity for a name, or may allow more than one party to register the same name. Note, though, that this is not a substitute for filing a trademark application. A DBA filing carries no legal weight in establishing trademark rights. In

200-476: A contract, invoice, or cheque, they must also add the legal name of the business. Numbered companies will very often operate as something other than their legal name, which is unrecognizable to the public. In Chile , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Ireland , businesses are legally required to register business names where these differ from

250-547: A joint operation with Green Line , passed entirely by the 1990s to Green Line, who operated the route only between High Wycombe and London and ceased it altogether by 2003. The Henley service (390) originally went all the way from Witney to central London via Henley and Heathrow. It was eventually curtailed at Heathrow Airport, but even then Thames Transit could not make it pay and in 1996 replaced coaches with minibuses and renumbered it X39. Stagecoach in Oxfordshire later cut

300-567: A regular basis, Oxford Tube renews its entire fleet at once, every five years. Tickets are also sold via the Megabus network. As of September 2017, it was the highest frequency long-distance coach service in the United Kingdom. The Oxford Bus Company operated the X90 service every 15 minutes at peak times, using eight Plaxton Elite bodied Volvo B11Rs . From October 2018, the service

350-632: A service between London and Eastern Counties' base at Cambridge). In 1934, the Tilling Group (Eastern Counties' parent) moved the Oxford service of Varsity Express to a closer group company, United Counties Omnibus . In 1934, South Midland was running seven journeys a day, and Varsity Express ran eight journeys a day. The day return fare was 6/- (30p). In 1942 the Government compelled coach operators to suspend operations. In 1945 South Midland

400-434: A simpler name rather than using their formal and often lengthier name. Trade names are also used when a preferred name cannot be registered, often because it may already be registered or is too similar to a name that is already registered. Using one or more fictitious business names does not create additional separate legal entities. The distinction between a registered legal name and a fictitious business name, or trade name,

450-601: A total of 58 coach services between Oxford and London every day. After the Road Traffic Act 1930 , the competitors quickly reduced to two: South Midland and Varsity Express. Varsity Express used the A40 via High Wycombe and Uxbridge , South Midland ran via Henley-on-Thames , Maidenhead and Slough . In 1933 the Eastern Counties Omnibus Company acquired Varsity Express (which also ran

500-413: A trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Brazil , a trade name is known as a nome fantasia ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called razão social (social name). In some Canadian jurisdictions , such as Ontario , when a businessperson writes a trade name on

550-512: Is called a razón social . Oxford to London coach route The Oxford to London coach route is an express coach route between Oxford and London along the M40 motorway . Operated by Stagecoach West under the brand name Oxford Tube , there are up to five coaches an hour via Lewknor , High Wycombe Coachway , Hillingdon , Shepherd's Bush and Baker Street terminating on Buckingham Palace Road , Victoria . The former X90 route, which

SECTION 10

#1732765411739

600-498: Is important because fictitious business names do not always identify the entity that is legally responsible . Legal agreements (such as contracts ) are normally made using the registered legal name of the business. If a corporation fails to consistently adhere to such important legal formalities like using its registered legal name in contracts, it may be subject to piercing of the corporate veil . In English , trade names are generally treated as proper nouns . In Argentina ,

650-461: Is managed by OxonTime, which is a partnership between various bus companies and Oxfordshire County Council. Since 2018, Oxford Bus Company has run an annual initiative named 'Brand the Bus', in which local charities and causes in Oxford submit designs for a charitable all-over advertisement to be applied to an Oxford Bus Company double-decker bus for a two-year period. The top ten designs are voted on by

700-499: Is used to designate a trade name. In the United States , the phrase " doing business as " (abbreviated to DBA , dba , d.b.a. , or d/b/a ) is used, among others, such as assumed business name or fictitious business name . In Canada , " operating as " (abbreviated to o/a ) and " trading as " are used, although " doing business as " is also sometimes used. A company typically uses a trade name to conduct business using

750-746: The Great Western Railway having a minority shareholding. The fleet livery was red with maroon and pale green relief. Most of its buses were built on AEC chassis and running gear. Numerous former COMS buses have been preserved, including a large and notable collection at the Oxford Bus Museum in Long Hanborough in Oxfordshire. In 1969 COMS became a subsidiary of the National Bus Company , commencing greater integration of city and country services. In 1971,

800-478: The Oxford Tube . The Oxford Bus Company branded its service Oxford Citylink . Competition on the non-stop routes became fierce. Both companies were taken over: Oxford Bus Company by Go-Ahead Group in 1994 and Thames Transit by Stagecoach in 1997. Both companies continued to innovate, with better coaches, more frequent services, Wifi on board, and all-night services. The Oxford Tube brand has endured, whereas

850-466: The United Kingdom , there is no filing requirement for a "business name", defined as "any name under which someone carries on business" that, for a company or limited liability partnership, "is not its registered name", but there are requirements for disclosure of the owner's true name and some restrictions on the use of certain names. A minority of U.S. states, including Washington , still use

900-601: The 'City' brand has further expanded with the addition of two express routes and the City46, the latter of which is partially funded by restauranteur Raymond Blanc . Commencing operations on 10 December 1973 at the site of a former waste disposal site in Redbridge , the first permanent system of its type in the United Kingdom, Oxford's Park & Ride network serves Oxford city centre via two routes serving four peripheral park & ride sites around Oxford. Service 300 runs from

950-532: The 1970s. In 1983, COMS was split into separate Oxford and South Midland units. Oxford Bus Company was allocated the Oxford city services and the London routes, and South Midland was allocated the remainder of the network. Both companies were subject to management buyouts . The South Midland company was soon resold to Thames Transit (later Stagecoach South Midlands ), which introduced minibus competition. Oxford Bus Company tried to counter this with minibuses under

1000-526: The High Wycombe and Henley routes. Non-stop coaches started in 1963, reducing the journey time to 2 hours 15 minutes. In 1968 the City of Oxford Motor Services (COMS, nowadays trading as Oxford Bus Company), the company which ran local bus services in and around Oxford, became state-owned when British Electric Traction sold its UK bus interests to the government's Transport Holding Company . The result

1050-708: The High Wycombe operation to Arriva . The company's long-established main depot in Cowley Road, Oxford was closed in 2004, replaced by a new depot opened in Watlington Road. Go-Ahead bought Thames Travel in June 2011 and Carousel Buses in February 2012. These companies act as subsidiaries of the Oxford Bus Company, sharing management but retaining their separate identities. In October 2019, it

SECTION 20

#1732765411739

1100-778: The Oxford Bus Company's London route was rebranded the Oxford Express in 2000, espress in 2004, and X90 Oxford-London in 2012. The Heathrow service was rebranded the Airline in 2001. In 2003, Stagecoach introduced Megabus to the route, using different termini in both Oxford and London. However, in November 2004 the Megabus service was replaced by dedicated seats on the Oxford Tube. The stopping services to London declined. The High Wycombe service (290), which had become

1150-590: The Oxford City Nipper brand name. In 1990, Oxford Bus Company acquired the High Wycombe operations of the Bee Line , and ran them under the Wycombe Bus brand name. In March 1994, Oxford Bus Company was purchased by the Go-Ahead Group , with the company formally rebranded to The Oxford Bus Company and its city services being given Cityline branding a few months afterwards. In 2000, Go-Ahead sold

1200-424: The Oxford – London coach operator South Midland, which had been controlled by the neighbouring Thames Valley Traction company, was transferred to COMS and the fleet name for the entire operation became Oxford South Midland. An acute problem for the operator was the competition for staff with Morris Motors , whose Cowley factory was near the Oxford garage. One response was to move to one person operation of buses in

1250-418: The U.S., trademark rights are acquired by use in commerce, but there can be substantial benefits to filing a trademark application. Sole proprietors are the most common users of DBAs. Sole proprietors are individual business owners who run their businesses themselves. Since most people in these circumstances use a business name other than their own name, it is often necessary for them to get DBAs. Generally,

1300-418: The city. All Oxford Bus Company buses and coaches have automatic vehicle location (AVL) equipment installed which works via GPS technology. The AVL equipment installed on each bus or coach gives geographical location to within a few metres and is updating central control room every few seconds. This information technology can therefore be seen in real time at the central control room, which helps in managing

1350-612: The company's City Sightseeing operations, and the remaining five buses from this order being Wright GB Kite Electroliner single deck buses. The first 21 battery-electric StreetDecks from this order were delivered in November 2023 for service on the BROOKESbus park and ride service, with an event being held in January 2024 to celebrate the launch of Oxford's electric bus fleet, in conjunction with an order by Stagecoach West for 55 Alexander Dennis Enviro400EVs for services in and around

1400-534: The county or city to be registered with the State Corporation Commission. DBA statements are often used in conjunction with a franchise . The franchisee will have a legal name under which it may sue and be sued, but will conduct business under the franchiser's brand name (which the public would recognize). A typical real-world example can be found in a well-known pricing mistake case, Donovan v. RRL Corp. , 26 Cal. 4th 261 (2001), where

1450-527: The fleet. The AVL equipment is also coupled to a real-time passenger information system at over 250 bus stop display screens around Oxford City and surrounding towns, and via a smartphone app . This coupled information technology system gives the public "predicted times" of bus and coach services around Oxford City and surrounding towns. Oxfordshire County Council also uses this information technology to provide traffic-light priority for buses at some road junctions. The real-time passenger information system

1500-538: The general public before being submitted by an internal judging panel to select an overall winner. Two organisations that had advertised on Oxford Bus Company buses in 2018 prior to the initiative being launched were Oxford Pride and the Oxfordshire Prostate Cancer Support Group. The past winners of the 'Brand the Bus' initiative were: Trading as In a number of countries, the phrase " trading as " (abbreviated to t/a )

1550-402: The law is to protect the public from fraud, by compelling the business owner to first file or register his fictitious business name with the county clerk, and then making a further public record of it by publishing it in a newspaper. Several other states, such as Illinois , require print notices as well. In Uruguay , a trade name is known as a nombre fantasía , and the legal name of business

Oxford Bus Company - Misplaced Pages Continue

1600-527: The management of the Oxford Bus Company. As of 2023, the Oxford Bus Company currently operates services under four route brands: A majority of Oxford Bus Company buses are branded in colour-coded 'City' branding for local bus services in and around the city of Oxford. This branding was first introduced in 2015 with the introduction of magenta Wright StreetDeck buses branded for the City5 before being progressively rolled out to ten other bus services. The scope of

1650-461: The named defendant, RRL Corporation, was a Lexus car dealership doing business as " Lexus of Westminster ", but remaining a separate legal entity from Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. . In California , filing a DBA statement also requires that a notice of the fictitious name be published in local newspapers for some set period of time to inform the public of the owner's intent to operate under an assumed name . The intention of

1700-444: The network, but was defeated by local opposition. In 1913–14, and under threat of competition from William Morris and Frank Gray , the tram company replaced its trams and horse buses with Daimler motor buses . In 1921, the company was renamed City of Oxford Motor Services Limited (COMS). It continued to expand its operations into the surrounding countryside. From the 1930s, COMS was controlled by British Electric Traction , with

1750-489: The northern Pear Tree park & ride site to the southern Redbridge site, while service 400 runs from the western Seacourt site to the eastern Thornhill site. Most services are operated by Wright StreetDeck buses branded in black and purple liveries, 20 of which were originally purchased for use on the Park & Ride in 2016, replacing older Alexander Dennis Enviro400H buses used on the service. Park & Ride service 400

1800-533: The route at Henley, and in 1999 it was taken over by Thames Travel . In 2021, operation of the Oxford Tube was transferred to Stagecoach West as part of its merger with Stagecoach in Oxfordshire. On 30 August 2010, a drunken 21-year-old grabbed hold of the steering wheel of an Oxford Tube coach and caused it to overturn on an embankment on the M40. The offender was sentenced to 12 months in prison. On 11 December 2010 at 23:00, an Oxford Tube coach overturned on leaving

1850-459: The surname(s) of the sole trader or partners, or the legal name of a company. The Companies Registration Office publishes a searchable register of such business names. In Japan , the word yagō ( 屋号 ) is used. In Colonial Nigeria , certain tribes had members that used a variety of trading names to conduct business with the Europeans. Two examples were King Perekule VII of Bonny , who

1900-469: The term trade name to refer to "doing business as" (DBA) names. In most U.S. states now, however, DBAs are officially referred to using other terms. Almost half of the states, including New York and Oregon , use the terms assumed business name or assumed name ; nearly as many, including Pennsylvania , use the term fictitious name . For consumer protection purposes, many U.S. jurisdictions require businesses operating with fictitious names to file

1950-515: The tramway network. By the early 20th century both Iffley Road and Woodstock Road were horse bus routes. On Saturdays only there were horse buses from Headington to the city centre and from Cowley village to the tram terminus in Cowley Road. In 1906 the City of Oxford Electric Tramways Company took over from the City of Oxford and District Tramway Company. It planned to electrify and expand

2000-500: The year. The service is operated by eighteen Mercedes-Benz Tourismo coaches acquired in 2019 and 2023, two of which were wrapped in advertisements for The Ashmolean museum in Oxford city centre. BROOKESbus is a network of services providing bus links between the campuses and student halls of the Oxford Brookes University , open to passengers regardless of whether they are students at the university. The service

2050-620: Was deregulated by the Transport Act 1980 and the UK bus market by the Transport Act 1985 . In 1983, COMS was split into two in preparation for deregulation. Whilst most of the services outside Oxford itself were transferred to a new company, South Midland Limited, the London services remained with COMS, which was sold in a management buyout in January 1987. Competition appeared in 1987 when Thames Transit , commenced operating in Oxford and started its own express service to London, branded

Oxford Bus Company - Misplaced Pages Continue

2100-530: Was announced that the X90 service between Oxford and London would be withdrawn from 4 January 2020, due to a 35% fall in passenger numbers since 2015 causing the route to be unprofitable. In June 2023, Go-Ahead announced it had acquired the Gloucestershire independent Pulhams Coaches. The Pulhams operation, consisting of 90 buses, operates 22 bus services and 126 employees, will remain a separate brand under

2150-644: Was initially launched in 2003 by Stagecoach in Oxfordshire with a fleet of eight buses, however the Oxford Bus Company would gain the contract to operate the service in 2009, with the BROOKESbus network being continuously operated by the company since. As of November 2023, Oxford Bus Company's fleet consists of up to 160 buses, minibuses and coaches, a majority of which are operated on local bus services in and around Oxford. The company currently operates 104 battery electric buses produced by Wrightbus . 91 buses from this order are Wright StreetDeck Electroliner double deckers, eight of them being open-top examples for

2200-553: Was known as Captain Pepple in trade matters, and King Jubo Jubogha of Opobo , who bore the pseudonym Captain Jaja . Both Pepple and Jaja would bequeath their trade names to their royal descendants as official surnames upon their deaths. In Singapore , there is no filing requirement for a "trading as" name, but there are requirements for disclosure of the underlying business or company's registered name and unique entity number. In

2250-580: Was merged with the BROOKESbus U1 service to operate between Harcourt Hill and Wheatley via Oxford Brookes University in September 2022. It is operated using Wright StreetDeck Electroliner battery electric buses delivered in November 2023, branded in grey livery. 'The Airline' is an express coach service linking Oxford with London Heathrow Airport every twenty minutes and Gatwick Airport every hour, with both services operating every day of

2300-454: Was opened in stages from 1967 to 1974. Occasional non-stop services used the motorway, but in 1977 a regular non-stop service was started as route 190, later renumbered X90. In the 1980s a non-stop service, the X70, was also started between Oxford and Heathrow Airport . In the 1980s the 290 stopping service was combined with Green Line's London to High Wycombe route. The UK express coach sector

2350-546: Was operated by the Oxford Bus Company , ran up to two coaches an hour via Baker Street , also terminating on Buckingham Palace Road. This service was withdrawn in January 2020, with the reasons stated being reducing passenger numbers, traffic congestion, and competition from railway services. The Oxford Tube , launched by Thames Transit in 1987, operates a fleet of Plaxton Panorama bodied Volvo B11RLE double-decker coaches. Rather than turn over its fleet on

2400-505: Was reduced to every 30 minutes, and was withdrawn from 4 January 2020, due to a 35% fall in passenger numbers since 2015 causing the route to be unprofitable. In 1919 William Beesley of Oxford formed a company called South Midland Motor Services and by 1924 offered excursions to London by charabanc . This became a daily service, and by 1928 it had become a regular coach service picking up and setting down passengers en route. South Midland had competitors. By 1930, 18 companies were running

2450-616: Was sold to Red & White Services . Operations resumed in 1946, but by 1950 both Red & White and United Counties had been nationalised and were controlled by the British Transport Commission (BTC). The BTC transferred control of South Midland to Thames Valley Traction , and in 1952 transferred the United Counties service to South Midland. During the 1950s and 1960s, South Midland ran coaches between Oxford and London about every hour, alternating between

2500-633: Was that both South Midland and COMS became subsidiaries of the THC (to which BTC had transferred its South Midland shares in 1963). At the beginning of 1971 the state-owned National Bus Company (the THC's successor) merged South Midland with COMS, which adopted the trading name Oxford South Midland . The two South Midland routes were combined with COMS's bus routes from Oxford to High Wycombe and Henley, and given numbers: route 30 (Oxford-Henley-London) and route 70 (Oxford-High Wycombe-London), changed to 390 and 290 in 1975. The M40 motorway between London and Oxford

#738261