Misplaced Pages

#481518

122-574: The Forum is committed to promoting regional economic integration and bringing Asian countries even closer to their development goals. Initiated in 1998 by Fidel V. Ramos , former President of the Philippines, Bob Hawke , former Prime Minister of Australia, and Morihiro Hosokawa , former Prime Minister of Japan, the Boao Forum for Asia was formally inaugurated in February 2001. The founding of

244-826: A liver transplant were a contributing factor. SCMP reported that he had also undergone coronary artery bypass surgery . Li's remains were flown to Beijing on 27 October. On 2 November, a memorial ceremony was held at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery and he was cremated. Attendees of the ceremony included Xi Jinping, his wife Peng Liyuan , Premier Li Qiang , all other members of the 20th Politburo Standing Committee , and Vice President Han Zheng . According to state media, former leader Hu Jintao sent flowers and did not attend. National flags were flown at half-mast at Chinese government buildings, diplomatic missions, and in Hong Kong and Macau. Li

366-403: A "decisive" role in the allocation of resources, ostensibly looking to decrease government regulation on the free market. In early 2014, Li said that local governments were still ineffective at following the central government's reform directives, and that some governments meddle in affairs they shouldn't be involved in, and some don't pay attention to things they should be doing. Li emphasized that

488-736: A Recon platoon leader. What is the job of a recon leader? To recon the front line – no man's land. And what did we do? I had to assault a fortified position of the Chinese communists and wiped them out. And what is this Special Forces group that we commanded in the Army – '62–'65? That was the only remaining combat unit in the Philippine Army . The rest were training in a military division unit set-up. We were in Luzon . We were in Sulu . And then, during

610-577: A bid to resolve border disputes and to stimulate economic relations. He said the choice of India as the first international visit highlights Chinese importance in its relations with the country. During prime minister Narendra Modi's visit to China in 2015, Li and Modi took a selfie together at the Temple of Heaven . During his visit to Pakistan, Li met with the country's top leadership and expressed his views: "As Pakistan's closest friend and brother, we would like to provide as much assistance as we can for

732-530: A candidate for becoming the paramount leader , Li instead assumed the post of premier in 2013, and facilitated the Chinese government's shifting of priorities from export-led growth to a greater focus on internal consumption. During his term Li headed the State Council and was one of the leading figures behind China's Financial and Economic Affairs , Foreign Affairs , National Security and Deepening Reforms . Additionally, Li and his cabinet initiated

854-754: A coalition with the National Union of Christian Democrats (NUCD) of Senator & DFA Secretary Raul Manglapus and the United Muslim Democrats of the Philippines (UMDP) of Ambassador Sanchez Ali. Ramos and Osmeña, together with Congressman (later House Speaker) Jose de Venecia , campaigned for economic reforms and improved national security and unity. He won the seven-way race on May 11, 1992, narrowly defeating popular Agrarian Reform Secretary Miriam Defensor Santiago . His running mate, Governor Osmeña, lost to Senator Joseph Estrada as vice president. Despite winning, he garnered only 23.58% of

976-439: A critical historical inflection point where a fundamental shift in the structure of the economy must take place in order for the country to continue its path of growth. Li particularly emphasized the need to boost domestic consumption , and emphasized the importance of continued urbanization. Li also emphasized that China should be moving towards a more middle class-oriented society with an "olive"-shaped wealth distribution , with

1098-626: A former military general, Ramos made peace with the country's various armed rebel groups, kickstarting the process by creating a National Unification Commission (NUC) and appointing Haydee Yorac to be its chair. Upon the recommendation of the NUC, Ramos eventually decided to grant amnesty to the rebel military officers of the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) led by Col. Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan and Capt. Proceso Maligalig. Ramos

1220-529: A public sense of his "bad luck" grew due to the occurrence of three major fires in the province. Li was known to be outspoken and led economic development in Henan, transforming the poor inland region into an attractive area for investment. He trekked through all regions of the province trying to search for a comprehensive solution to its growing problems. In December 2002, the Central Committee of

1342-553: A senior citizen applying for welfare benefits being forced by government employees to provide proof that "they are still alive." Regarding the latter two incidents, Li said, "this is not a joke, it's all real!" From January 2020, Li was in charge of the Chinese government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic . On 27 January, Li visited Wuhan , the original epicenter of the pandemic, to direct outbreak prevention work. Li Keqiang made his first foreign visit to India on 18 May 2013 in

SECTION 10

#1732772513482

1464-642: A suitable venue for Independence Day . In 1992, all American military bases were transferred to Philippine control after the Senate rejected the military bases agreement with the United States. Later on it was revealed through a special report by the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) that the projects relating to the Expo site not only revealed the extravagance and inefficiency of

1586-483: A well-known British-educated expert on Western political systems. Together with his classmates, he translated important legal works from English to Chinese, including Lord Denning 's book The Due Process of Law . He received a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1982. In 1982, Li became the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) Committee Secretary at Peking University. He entered the top leadership of

1708-480: Is essential for Australia's economic future, China needs to do more in relaxing foreign investment rules for Australian companies such as restrictions on types of businesses, equity restrictions and branch or representative office caps. This year forum was held from 6 to 8 April in Hainan Province. Bill Gates , George Soros and Christine Lagarde attended. China's paramount leader Xi Jinping delivered

1830-664: Is his first public appearance after his retirement and last public appearance before his death. Li Keqiang died at Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (上海中医药大学附属曙光医院) in Pudong at 00:10 CST on 27 October 2023 at the age of 68 after a heart attack the previous day. The South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported that the heart attack occurred as he swam at Shanghai's Dongjiao State Guest Hotel. The Standard reported that long-term use of anti-rejection drugs following

1952-470: Is more often than not bigger than two." In February 2010, Li gave a speech to ministerial and provincial-level leaders about the importance of changing the economic structure of the country in order to be better poised for future growth. The speech was published with minor omissions in the 1 June issue of Qiushi , the Communist Party's political theory publication. Li said that China had come to

2074-869: The 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in October 2022, Li stepped down from the CCP Central Committee. Li's term officially ended on 11 March 2023, and he was succeeded by Li Qiang , a close ally of Xi. Although it was excluded from the official transcript, his farewell speech included the remark: "While people work, heaven watches. It looks like that heaven has eyes." After Li stepped down as Premier in March 2023, he has visited Mogao Caves in Gansu in August 2023, which

2196-586: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1976 and became the party head of the local production team . He was awarded the honor of Outstanding Individual in the Study of Mao Zedong Thought during this time. Li refused his father's offer of grooming him for the local county's party leadership and entered Peking University Law School in 1978, where he became the president of the university's student council. He studied under Professor Gong Xiangrui,

2318-725: The Made in China 2025 strategic plan in May 2015. Given his Youth League experience, Li was generally considered a political ally of former leader Hu Jintao and a member of the Tuanpai faction. Economically seen as advocating reform and liberalization, Li has been described as representing the more pragmatic and technocratic side of China's leadership. Li stepped down from the Politburo Standing Committee in October 2022 and

2440-710: The Makati Medical Center in Makati on July 31, 2022, at the age of 94. Fidel Valdez Ramos was born on March 18, 1928, in Lingayen , Pangasinan and grew up in Asingan town during his childhood. His father, Narciso Ramos (1900–1986), was a lawyer, journalist and five-term legislator of the House of Representatives , who eventually rose to the position of Secretary of Foreign Affairs . As such, Narciso Ramos

2562-677: The National Defense College of the Philippines and a master's degree in Business Administration from Ateneo de Manila University . In addition, he received a total of 29 honorary doctorate degrees . Ramos married Amelita Martinez on October 21, 1954, at the Central Church (now known as Central United Methodist Church ) in Ermita , Manila. They started as friends while they were classmates at

SECTION 20

#1732772513482

2684-794: The Philippine Army Special Forces . Later, he was named as the commander of the Army's 3rd Division based in Cebu City , Cebu . Ramos received several military awards including the Philippine Legion of Honor (March 18, 1988, and July 19, 1991), the Distinguished Conduct Star (1991), the Distinguished Service Star (May 20, 1966, December 20, 1967, and August 3, 1981), Philippine Military Merit Medal (May 23, 1952),

2806-611: The Spratly Islands , 130 nautical miles (240 km; 150 mi) off the coast of Palawan . The Philippine government issued a formal protest over the PRC's occupation of the reef and the Philippine Navy arrested sixty-two Chinese fishermen at Half Moon Shoal, eighty kilometers from Palawan. A week later, following confirmation from surveillance pictures that the structures were of military design, President Fidel Ramos had

2928-433: The gas chamber could be installed" . However, no one was electrocuted or gassed, because the previously used chair was destroyed earlier in a fire and the Philippines adopted the method of lethal injection . After his presidency, some people were put to death by this means, until the death penalty was abolished again in 2006. In early 1995, the Philippines discovered a primitive PRC military structure on Mischief Reef in

3050-430: The governor of Henan and the province's party secretary . From 2004 to 2007 he served as the party secretary of Liaoning , the top political office in the province. From 2008 to 2013, Li served as the first-ranked vice premier under then-premier Wen Jiabao , overseeing a broad portfolio which included economic development , price controls , finance, climate change , and macroeconomic management. Initially seen as

3172-483: The leadership of Xi, Liu Yunshan and Zhang Gaoli , and Li was ostensibly not involved in preparing the document. This departure from convention (Wen Jiabao was the principal drafter of documents behind the reforms announced at the Third Plenum of 2003) led to speculation that Li was becoming marginalized in the new administration, and that the widely touted " Xi–Li Administration " in fact did not exist, as power

3294-476: The 1990s . The geopolitical strategy ' China's peaceful rise ' was a topic of discussion for the forum in 2004. In addition to its annual meeting, the BFA also sponsors other forums and meetings related to Asian issues. The Boao Forum For Asia Annual Conference 2008 was held on 10–13 April 2008. It was attended by heads of government from countries including Australia , Pakistan , Norway and Kazakhstan . It also saw

3416-560: The BFA was driven by the People's Republic of China and founded by 26 Asian and Australasian states on 27 February 2001. The organisation held its first meeting from 12 to 13 April 2002. Discussions at the BFA focus on economics, integration, cooperation, society and the environment. In the past the forum also addressed China's entry into the World Trade Organization , as well as Southeast Asia's economic crisis during

3538-553: The Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2017. The theme for the conference was "Globalization and Free Trade: The Asian Perspectives". The Boao Forum for Asia 2018 was held between 8 and 11 April at Hainan Province, China. The theme of this year forum was "An Open and Innovative Asia for a World of Greater Prosperity". Chinese President Xi Jinping gave the opening speech at the opening ceremony. He said China will open up market including lowering tariffs on imported autos amid increasing trade tensions between US and China. The 2019 forum

3660-612: The Chinese Communist Party decided to appoint Li Keqiang to replace Chen Kuiyuan as the Secretary of the Henan Provincial Party Committee , and left his post as governor in 2003. Henan jumped in national GDP rankings from 28th in the early 1990s to 18th in 2004, when Li left Henan. However, his government was relatively ineffective at curbing the HIV/AIDS epidemic that was affecting the rural areas of

3782-608: The Chinese far west. As vice premier, Li was instrumental in pushing through an economic stimulus program in 2008, which was aimed for the economy to rebound from the Sichuan earthquake as well as the Great Recession . Li's appeared at the 2010 World Economic Forum in Davos , Switzerland, where he presented China's long-term vision for development in front of world business and political leaders. In particular, Li briefed

Boao Forum for Asia - Misplaced Pages Continue

3904-470: The Chinese government-backed influential body. Leaders or deputies from 16 countries, including Armenia , Australia , Austria , China , Indonesia , Kazakhstan , Malaysia , Nepal , the Netherlands , Qatar , Russia , Sri Lanka , Sweden , Thailand , Uganda and Zambia , attended the forum held from 26 to 29 March. The theme of this year forum is "community of shared destiny". The 2016 forum

4026-491: The NPC appointed Zhang Gaoli , Liu Yandong , Wang Yang , and Ma Kai as vice premiers following their respective nominations from Li Keqiang. He gave his first major speech 17 March at the conclusion of the NPC, calling for frugality in government, a fairer distribution of income and continued economic reform. Li focused his attention on China to move towards a consumption based economy instead of relying on export led growth. Li

4148-635: The Nation address on July 27, 1992, he requested that the Congress enact a law that would create an Energy Department that would plan and manage the Philippines' energy demands. Congress not only created the Department but gave him special emergency powers to resolve the power crisis. Using the powers given to him, Ramos issued licenses to independent power producers (IPP) to construct power plants within 24 months. Ramos issued supply contracts that guaranteed

4270-532: The National People's Congress , who ranked second. On 15 March 2013, Li Keqiang was elected by the 1st Session of the 12th National People's Congress (NPC) as premier, succeeding Wen Jiabao. Of the nearly 3,000 legislators assembled at the Congress, 2,940 voted for him, three against, and six abstained. At the same Congress, Party general secretary Xi Jinping was elected President . On 16 March,

4392-590: The Pakistani side". Li also visited Switzerland and Germany on his first Europe trip, and met with the two countries' leaders. United States lieutenant general H. R. McMaster wrote of Li that, "If anyone in the American group had any doubts about China's view of its relationship with the United States, Li's monologue would have removed them. He began with the observation that China, having already developed its industrial and technological base, no longer needed

4514-534: The Philippine government would pay for the loans if the IPPs defaulted. The Ramos government continued signing IPP contracts even after the end of 1993 when the power crisis was considered solved. The World Bank came up with a report in 1994 warning that power rates would rise if the government continued to enter into more IPP contracts that would mean excess power. The World Bank questioned the ambitious projections of

4636-400: The Philippine military from Second Lieutenant to Commander-in-Chief. The first three years of his administration were characterized by an economic boom, technological development, political stability, and efficient delivery of basic needs to the people. He advocated party platforms as an outline and agenda for governance. He was the first Christian Democrat to be elected in the country, being

4758-540: The Philippines became legal. It was also during his presidency that the Comprehensive Agreement on Respect for Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law (CARHRIHL), which provided a mechanism to monitor human rights abuses in the course of operations was signed between the government and the CPP on 16 March 1998. During his administration, Ramos began implementing economic reforms intended to open up

4880-461: The Philippines. To ensure a positive financial outlook on the Philippines, Ramos led the 4th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders' Summit in the Philippines in November 1996. Under his administration, the Philippines enjoyed economic growth and stability. The Philippine Stock Exchange in the mid-1990s was one of the best in the world and his visions of ' Philippines 2000 ' that led

5002-616: The Presidency, she appointed Ramos as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (1986–1988), and later Secretary of National Defense as well as Chairman of the National Disaster Coordinating Council (1988–1991), handling the government's response to disasters such as the 1990 Luzon earthquake and the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo . During this time, Ramos personally handled

Boao Forum for Asia - Misplaced Pages Continue

5124-873: The SAF Ranger Course, was used to train the 1st generation of SAF troopers, which numbered 149. Of that number, 26 were commissioned officers while the rest were enlisted personnel recruited from a wide range of PC units such as the defunct PC Brigade, the Long Range Patrol Battalion (LRP), the K-9 Support Company, PC Special Organized Group, the Light Reaction Unit (LRU) of PC METROCOM, the Constabulary Off-shore Action Command (COSAC), and other PC Units. Later on, they changed

5246-697: The U.S. Military Academy Distinguished Graduate Award and Legion of Merit (August 1, 1990), and the French Legion of Honor . Ramos was a member of the Philippines' 20th Battalion Combat Team of the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea (PEFTOK) that fought in the Korean War . He was an Infantry Reconnaissance Platoon Leader. Ramos was one of the heroes of the Battle of Hill Eerie , where he led his platoon to sabotage

5368-636: The UP High School and neighbors at Padre Faura Street in Manila. Together, they had five daughters: Angelita Ramos-Jones, Josephine Ramos-Samartino, Carolina Ramos-Sembrano, Cristina Ramos-Jalasco , and Gloria Ramos. They also have five grandsons and three granddaughters. Ramos went to the United States Military Academy at West Point where he graduated in 1950. During his stint at the Philippine Army , Ramos founded

5490-711: The United States as he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Military Engineering degree. He also earned his master's degree in civil engineering at the University of Illinois and later took Civil Engineering Board Exam in 1953, where he placed 8th overall. He also held a master's degree in National Security Administration from

5612-401: The United States." There has been speculation that Li may have been sidelined by Xi Jinping's consolidation of power, with some calling him the "weakest premier" since the CCP took power in 1949. At the Third Plenum of the 18th Central Committee held in the fall of 2013, the CCP announced far-reaching economic and social reforms. However, the document outlining the reforms was drafted under

5734-452: The WEF on China's commitment to sustainable development , green energy , decreasing the income gap and modernizing key strategic industries . While reiterating China's commitment to peaceful development and its focus in increasing domestic demand in the face of external pressures during the global financial crisis, Li also warned against protectionism , saying "opening up can be both bilateral and multilateral... in this sense, one plus one

5856-473: The administration, but also served as a convenient vehicle to affect election fund-raising for the LAKAS political party of Ramos, which came at the expense of tax-payers and was in direct violation of the Election Code . The Centennial Expo Pilipino project, intended to be the centerpiece for celebrating the 100th anniversary of the country's independence from Spain, also earned extensive criticism for being an expensive white elephant project that disadvantaged

5978-509: The central leadership ranks in Beijing. This rank order ostensibly signaled that it would be Xi, not Li, who would eventually succeed Hu as party general secretary and president. At the 1st Session of the 11th National People's Congress , Li was elected as the first-ranking vice premier, reinforcing the speculation that Li would become premier and was being groomed to succeed Premier Wen Jiabao . Li's portfolio as vice premier included economic development, government budgets, land and resources,

6100-400: The claim as "hearsay by itself, and is further based on a string of successive hearsay conversations" and challenged anyone who believed the claim to produce evidence. At the time of his accession in 1992, he was the first and only Protestant to date to be elected President of the Philippines with a Roman Catholic majority and the only Filipino officer in history to have held every rank in

6222-408: The contact), and the government official overseeing the matter asked the citizen to provide a notarized document to "prove your mom is your mom." Li called this incident "absolutely preposterous". In another case, he referred to a grassroots civil servant who asked for proof that a one-year old does not have a criminal record in order to deliver a government service. In yet another case, Li referred to

SECTION 50

#1732772513482

6344-423: The country into a newly industrialized country in the world and the "Tiger Cub Economy in Asia". At the start of Ramos' tenure, the Philippines was experiencing widespread blackouts due to huge demand for electricity, the antiquity of power plants, the abolishment of the Department of Energy , and the discontinuation of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant during the Corazon Aquino administration. During his State of

6466-458: The country's 1987 constitution through a process popularly known to many Filipinos as charter change or cha-cha . Widespread protests led by Corazon Aquino and the Roman Catholic Church stopped him from pushing through with the plan. Political analysts were divided as to whether Ramos really wanted to use charter change to extend his presidency or only to imbalance his opponents as the next presidential election neared. He also intended to extend

6588-614: The country's first female President. Later in life, Ramos would say he considered his role in the revolution as his "atonement" for his role in the implementation of Martial Law. When belittled by the press regarding his combat record, Ramos responded with trademark sarcasm (July 31, 1987): I fought the communists as part of the battalion combat teams, I went up the ladder. Battalion staff officer. Company commander . Task Force commander. Special Forces group commander. Brigade commander. All in different periods in our country. Huk campaign. Korean War campaign. The Vietnam War , and I

6710-465: The deals tied to IPP projects were insurance contracts in which companies made millions of dollars in commissions alone. All the IPP contracts came with attractive incentives and guarantees. Every contract was designed to give IPP creditors some degree of comfort in financing ventures that would usually involve huge capital and risks. Most IPPs were funded by foreign loans secured with a form of government guarantee or performance undertaking, which meant that

6832-412: The death penalty verdict of Sarah Balabagan in September 1995. Balabagan's sentence was reduced and she was released in August 1996. After tensions cooled off, Ramos restored diplomatic relations with Singapore after meeting Goh Chok Tong on the sidelines during the 50th anniversary of the United Nations in New York City. The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis , which started in Thailand , was a major blow to

6954-410: The economy and finance . On 11 March 2022, Li confirmed that he would be stepping down as premier of China upon the expiry of his second term in March 2023. However, there was speculation that he might continue serving as CCP Politburo Standing Committee member in another post, such as the chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee , which were ultimately without foundation. During

7076-415: The end of the Ramos administration, with him stepping down with a negative GDP growth. The economy was hit by currency devaluation with the Philippine Peso dropped to ₱45.42/$ 1 in January 1998 from ₱26.40/$ 1 in July 1997. The same was true for the Thai baht , Malaysian ringgit , and Indonesian rupiah . Growth fell to about −0.6% in 1998 from 5.2% in 1997, but recovered to 3.4% by 1999. It also resulted in

7198-413: The enemy in Hill Eerie. Ramos was also in the Vietnam War as a non-combat civil military engineer and Chief of Staff of the Philippine Civic Action Group (PHILCAG). It was during this assignment where he forged his lifelong friendship with his junior officer Maj. Jose T. Almonte , who went on to become his National Security Advisor during his administration from 1992 to 1998. In January 1972, Ramos

7320-463: The environment, and health. He also became the head of central commissions overseeing the Three Gorges Dam and the South–North Water Transfer Project , as well as the leader of steering committees in charge of health care reform, food safety, and AIDS-related work. In addition, Li was the principal lieutenant to premier Wen Jiabao in the broad portfolios of climate change, energy, information technology, northeastern China revitalization, and developing

7442-404: The event resulted in the Hong Kong 818 incident , an event that caused controversy in the territory. Li was elevated to the number two spot on the PSC at the 18th CCP National Congress held in the fall of 2012. As he was expected to become premier, this was a shift from previous convention on the PSC set in 1997 whereby the premier ranked third, after the chairman of the Standing Committee of

SECTION 60

#1732772513482

7564-430: The first time since 1989. Li's government then responded with tax cuts for small businesses, renovation projects of poor urban areas, and another round of rail construction, particularly focused on the country's interior. After the announcement of comprehensive reforms at the Third Plenum in 2013, Li became a leading figure of the government's reform implementation efforts. The Third Plenum called for market forces to play

7686-443: The founder of Lakas-CMD (Christian-Muslim Democrats Party). He was one of the most influential leaders and the unofficial spokesman of liberal democracy in Asia. Ramos' policies were organized around a socio-economic program dubbed "Philippines 2000", which envisioned the Philippines achieving a newly industrialized country status by the year 2000 and beyond. The five points of the program were: Contrary to expectations as

7808-454: The government and the World Bank that an impending oversupply of electricity could push up prices, a situation that persists in the Philippines up to the present. Individuals linked to Ramos lobbied for the approval of some of the contracts for independent power producers (IPPs), which came with numerous other deals, including lucrative legal, technical, and financial consultancies that were given to individuals and companies close to him. Among

7930-468: The government at the cost of ₱9 billion or 1.7 percent of the country's 1998 national budget. Six ranking Ramos cabinet members and officials, headed by Salvador Laurel (former vice-president), chairman of the Centennial Commission, were cleared by the Ombudsman and the Sandiganbayan . Ramos appeared before a Congressional Committee in October 1998 to help exonerate said officials of any wrongdoing. During his final years in office, Ramos tried to amend

8052-459: The government on economic growth and power demand from 1994 to 1998. It also warned that the power generated by private utilities' IPPs could duplicate those of the National Power Corporation and create an overcapacity. The World Bank said that the factors created considerable uncertainty in power demand, like substantial overcapacity, particularly under take-or-pay conditions and would require considerable tariff increases that would be unpopular with

8174-446: The government would buy whatever power the IPPs produced under the contract in U.S. dollars to entice investments in power plants. This became a problem during the East Asian Financial Crisis when the demand for electricity contracted and the Philippine peso lost half of its value. Ramos personally pushed for the speedy approval of some of the most expensive power deals, and justified signing more contracts despite warnings from within

8296-399: The grassroots level. He stated his belief that many lower-level officials fail to provide services to the public in an effective manner. Regarding his disdain for the matter, Li's many quotable anecdotes have become viral. Li referred to a case in which a citizen filling out a form to travel overseas (normal in the PRC) had to write down an emergency contact (the citizen put down their mother as

8418-495: The historic meeting of Taiwan 's Republic of China 's Vice President-elect Vincent Siew , with then People's Republic of China paramount leader Hu Jintao . The 2009 forum was held in Boao, Hainan, from 17 to 19 April 2009. The theme was "Asia: Managing Beyond Crisis". The 2010 forum was held in Boao, Hainan, from 9–11 April 2010. The theme was "Green Recovery: Asia’s Realistic Choice for Sustainable Growth". The Energy, Resources & Sustainable Development Conference for

8540-571: The interest of both debtors and creditors should be considered in debt suspension. Hu stated, "Debt suspension is neither debt reduction nor debt cancellation. It is an adjustment made to tackle difficulties at specific times" and that outright cancellation weakens financial stability. At the 2022 Forum, Xi announced China's Global Security Initiative . The Global Security Initiative identifies six commitments: (1) common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security; (2) respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries; (3) abiding by

8662-425: The investment bank Barclays Capital . Likonomics consisted of a three-prong approach that included the across-the-board reduction of debt, an end to massive stimulus practices of the Wen Jiabao government, and structural reforms. However, by 2014, global economic pressures and a decrease in demand of Chinese exports led to lower than expected economic growth rates. Year-on-year GDP growth amounted to less than 7.5% for

8784-523: The keynote address. This year focus was on "Restructuring". The 2014 forum was held in Hainan, from 8–11 April 2014, with the official opening address from Chinese premier Li Keqiang on 10 April. The theme of the forum was "Asia's New Future: Identifying New Growth Drivers". Indian business tycoon Ratan Tata was appointed as a member of the Board of Boao Forum. The post is a rare distinction for an Indian in

8906-490: The majority of the country's population and wealth belonging to the middle class. He also reiterated the importance of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization in China in order to improve its competitiveness , food security , energy security , affordable housing , and healthcare . In August 2011, Li went on an official visit to Hong Kong, including a trip to the University of Hong Kong . The political sensitivities and heightened security surrounding

9028-559: The military forces in the region strengthened. He ordered the Philippine Air Force to dispatch five F-5 fighters backed by four jet trainers and two helicopters, while the navy sent two additional ships. The People's Republic of China had claimed that the structures were shelters for fishermen but these small incidents could have triggered a war in the South China Sea . A perceived weakness of his administration

9150-652: The military operations that crushed nine coup attempts against the Aquino government . In December 1991, Ramos declared his candidacy for president. However, he lost the nomination of the then-dominant party Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) to House Speaker Ramon Mitra Jr. Days later, he bolted from the LDP and founded his own party, the Partido Lakas Tao (People Power Party), inviting Cebu Governor Emilio Mario Osmeña to be his running mate. The party formed

9272-534: The name of the course to the SAF Commando Course. On August 8, 1983, during a speech in Camp Crame to commemorate Philippine Constabulary Day, Marcos announced his removal of Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile from the chain of command, and the creation of a new arrangement with himself as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces replacing AFP Chief of Staff Gen. Fabian Ver . Marcos also removed

9394-517: The national CYLC in 1983 as an alternate member of CYLC Central Committee's Secretariat, and worked closely with future Party General Secretary Hu Jintao , who also rose through the ranks of the CYLC. He was appointed as a secretary of the CYLC Secretariat in 1985. In 1988, he returned to Peking University for graduate studies. He studied economics under prominent economist Li Yining , who

9516-728: The newly established government of President Corazon C. Aquino . Prior to his election as president, Ramos served in the cabinet of President Aquino, first as chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and later as Secretary of National Defense from 1986 to 1991. He was credited with the creation of the Philippine Army's Special Forces and the Philippine National Police Special Action Force . After his retirement, he remained active in politics, serving as adviser to his successors. Ramos died of COVID-19 Omicron variant at

9638-606: The non-violent People Power Revolution . General Ramos later also defected and followed Enrile into Camp Crame, and the duo shifted their fealty to Corazón Aquino , the widow of Senator Benigno Aquino and Marcos' main election rival. On February 25, the "EDSA Revolution" reached its peak when Marcos, along with his family and some supporters, fled into exile in Hawaii with the assistance of the United States government , ending his 20-year rule , leaving Corazon Aquino to accede as

9760-549: The often unreliable official provincial GDP numbers, which were often artificially inflated, and thus serve as a better indicator of economic health. Instead of gathering data on total economic output alone, Li used railway cargo volume, electricity consumption, and total loans disbursed by banks to keep tabs on the economy. Li joined the CCP Politburo Standing Committee after the 17th Party Congress held in October 2007 as its 7th-ranking member. He

9882-420: The once-closed national economy, encourage private enterprise, invite more foreign and domestic investment, and reduce corruption. Ramos ended the government’s monopoly over the skies and opened aviation to new players. Ramos was also known as the most-traveled Philippine President compared to his predecessors with numerous foreign trips abroad, generating about US$ 20 billion worth of foreign investments to

10004-670: The operational control of the Integrated National Police from the Philippine Constabulary under Gen. Ramos and transferred it under the direct control of Gen. Ver; the Constabulary then had only administrative supervision over the INP. On February 22, 1986, Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile protested alleged fraud committed by Marcos in the 1986 snap elections , withdrawing support and triggering

10126-652: The organisation was held in Perth, Western Australia , Australia between the 11 and 12 July 2011. The conferences brought together business, industry and political leaders in the region to discuss energy and resource security, development and trade. Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd stated China will invest US 1 trillion dollars abroad and Australia is in a good position to attract capital to develop new mines, infrastructure to service China's insatiable appetite for energy and resources. Rudd also indicated while Chinese capital

10248-422: The previous administration, namely the large abundance of non-performing loans that many of the giant infrastructure projects the country had embarked on since the global financial crisis was overloaded with crushing debt, lower than expected revenues, and the increasingly large wealth gap . Under these circumstances, Li was said to have responded with what became known as "Likonomics", a term coined by economists at

10370-462: The previous regime, Marawi incident. Who was sent there? Ramos. We defended the camp, being besieged by 400 rebels. So next time, look at the man's record, don't just write and write. You said, no combat experience, no combat experience. Look around you who comes from the platoon, who rose to battalion staff, company commander, group commander, which is like a battalion, brigade commander , here and abroad. Abroad, I never had an abroad assignment that

10492-579: The province. Li was transferred to work as the Party secretary of Liaoning in December 2004. There he was known for the "Five Points and One Line" project, where he linked Dalian , Dandong , and a series of other ports into a comprehensive network to improve trade flow. During his leadership in Liaoning, Li designed the " Li Keqiang index ", an unconventional economic indicator that aimed to bypass

10614-415: The public. While campaigning for the presidency, Ramos declared his support for reinstating the death penalty. Capital punishment was abolished for all crimes in 1987, making the Philippines the first Asian country to do so. In 1996, Ramos signed a bill that returned capital punishment with the electric chair (method used from 1923 to 1976, making Philippines the only country to do so outside U.S.) "until

10736-574: The purpose and principles of the UN Charter; (4) peacefully resolving disputes between countries through dialogue; (5) taking the security concerns of all countries seriously; and (6) maintaining security in both traditional and non-traditional fields. The principles outlined by the Global Security Initiative are long-standing elements of China's security policy and little operational detail was provided. The 2023 annual meeting

10858-491: The ranks in the Philippine military early in his career and became Chief of the Philippine Constabulary and Vice Chief-of-Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during the term of President Ferdinand Marcos . During the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution , Ramos was hailed as a hero by many Filipinos for his decision to break away from the administration of Marcos, and pledge allegiance and loyalty to

10980-655: The resulting programs and various projects, one of which was the Centennial Expo and Amphitheater at the former Clark Air Base in Angeles City , supposedly Ramos's pet project. The commemorative projects, particularly those undertaken at Clark, were hounded by illegal electioneering and corruption controversies even years after the Centennial celebrations. Clark Air Base at that point was already completely free of American interference and therefore conceived as

11102-416: The retiring General Romeo Espino who was the nation's longest serving chief of staff. Ramos lost to General Fabian Ver a graduate of the University of the Philippines , whom Marcos appointed to the top military post. Instead Ramos, a cousin of Marcos was named AFP Vice-Chief of staff in 1982, and promoted to the rank of three-star general. On May 12, 1983, a new unit in the former Philippine Constabulary

11224-422: The shutdown of some businesses, a decline in importation, a rising unemployment rate, and an unstable financial sector. Supposedly, one of his notable contributions to the Philippines was the revival of nationalistic spirit by embarking on a massive promotion campaign for the centennial of Philippine Independence celebrated on June 12, 1998. However, charges of alleged massive corruption or misuse of funds blemished

11346-426: The success of reforms came down to "execution and implementation", and criticized local governments for failing to act in support of reforms. Li encouraged the policy of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", which sought to explore new avenues of economic growth, such as e-commerce , at a time when traditional models appeared to lose momentum. Li was critical of unnecessary government bureaucracy, particularly at

11468-520: The term limits of the presidency to remain in power but his political rival Miriam Defensor Santiago went to the Supreme Court and negated extending the term limit of the president, which preserved democracy at the time. In January 2001, Ramos was instrumental in the success of the so-called Second EDSA Revolution that deposed Philippine president Joseph Estrada and installed then-Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as president. Ramos

11590-538: The ternary structure of Chinese economy", published in 1991, was awarded the Sun Yefang Prize, China's highest prize in economics, in 1996. Li became the CYLC's first secretary in 1993 and served in that role until 1998. In 1993, Li proposed the CYLC's Youth Volunteers Operation, which recruits and channels volunteers intro educational, social, and environmental projects. It is regarded as an important achievement of his tenure as CYLC first secretary. Li

11712-492: The vote tally. Santiago filed an electoral protest, but it was eventually junked by the Supreme Court . The quote, "Miriam won in the elections, but lost in the counting" became popular nationwide. De los Santos alleged that Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi had channeled $ 200,000 (5 million pesos) to Ramos' 1992 election campaign. Philippine election laws prohibit accepting contribution from foreigners. Ramos dismissed

11834-417: The vote, the lowest plurality in the country's history. The election results were marred by allegations of fraud as Santiago was leading the race for the first five days of counting but became second after a nationwide energy black-out, putting Ramos in first place. International media were already calling Santiago as the president-elect but withdrew their declarations because of the sudden change in positions in

11956-587: Was Chairman Emeritus of the Lakas CMD (Christian-Muslim Democrats) Party, formerly known as Lakas NUCD-UMDP or the Partido Lakas Tao-National Union of Christian Democrats-Union of Muslim Democrats of the Philippines. Li Keqiang Li Keqiang ( Chinese : 李克强 ; pinyin : Lǐ Kèqiáng ; 3 July 1955 – 27 October 2023) was a Chinese economist and politician who served as the 7th premier of China from 2013 to 2023. He

12078-501: Was a Filipino general and politician who served as the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998 . He was the only career military officer, who reached the rank of five-star general/admiral de jure . Rising from second lieutenant to commander-in-chief of the armed forces, Ramos is credited for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy during his six years in office. Ramos rose through

12200-663: Was a representative member of the first generation to have risen from the CYLC leadership. In 1997, he became a full member of the CCP Central Committee . Li became the youngest Chinese provincial governor in June 1998 when he was appointed governor of Henan at the age of 43. He also became Henan's Deputy Communist Party Secretary . According to provincial officials working with him at the time, Li refused to participate in any banquets or large fancy events not related to government activities. During his time as governor,

12322-687: Was also the second-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2012 to 2022. Li was a major part of the " fifth generation of Chinese leadership " along with Xi Jinping , the CCP general secretary . Born in Hefei , Anhui province, in 1955, Li initially rose through the ranks of Chinese politics through his involvement in the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC), serving as its first secretary from 1993 to 1998. From 1998 to 2004, Li served as

12444-774: Was an educator, woman suffragette , and member of the Valdez clan of Batac , Ilocos Norte , making him a second degree cousin of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos . He received elementary education in a Lingayen public school. Ramos began secondary education at the University of the Philippines (UP) High School, now the UPIS , in Manila , and continued in the High School Department of Mapúa Institute of Technology . He graduated high school from Centro Escolar University Integrated School in 1945. Afterwards, he went to

12566-511: Was appointed head of the Philippine Constabulary , then a major service branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, which functioned as the country's national police. He served at this post at the time Ferdinand Marcos imposed Martial Law on September 21, 1972. In 1975, all civic and municipal police forces in the country were integrated by decree, and it became known as the Integrated National Police (INP), which

12688-717: Was held in Boao, Hainan from March 28 to 31. This annual meeting has completely resumed offline, and participants are not required to wear masks. Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong , Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and other international dignitaries attended the meeting, and also the Chinese Premier Li Qiang delivered a speech at the opening ceremony. Fidel V. Ramos Fidel Valdez Ramos CCLH GCS KGCR ( Tagalog: [pɪˈdɛl bɐlˈdɛs ˈɾamos] ; March 18, 1928 – July 31, 2022), popularly known as FVR ,

12810-410: Was held in Hainan, from 22 to 25 March 2016. Participants at the annual conference focused on Asia's New future: New Dynamics, New Vision and took part in panel discussions. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang made the keynote speech at the opening of the annual conference. The 2017 forum was held from 23 to 26 March 2017. Keynote speech was made by Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli at the opening plenary of

12932-506: Was held in Hainan, from 26 to 29 March 2019. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang made the keynote speech at the opening of the annual conference. The 2020 Forum was cancelled due to COVID-19. In 2020, China joined the G20 -led Debt Service Suspension Initiative, through which official bilateral creditors suspended debt repayments of 73 of the poorest debtor countries. At the 2021 Boao Forum, Export-Import Bank of China president Hu Xiaolin stated that

13054-589: Was his doctoral advisor. He received a Master of Economics and a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics from Peking University in 1995. At the invitation of Li Yining, Li Keqiang's doctoral dissertation review committee was composed of well-known Chinese economists and researchers. Because of the high academic rigor of the committee, Li Keqiang postponed the defense of his dissertation by half a year. Described as being able to "withstand any kind of inspection" by his doctoral advisor, Li Keqiang's doctoral dissertation, "On

13176-488: Was increasingly being centralized under the hands of Xi as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party. Following the Third Plenum of 2013, Xi amassed a series of leadership roles on four new powerful supra-ministerial bodies overseeing " comprehensively deepening reforms ", the internet , military reform , and also the National Security Commission . The "deepening reforms" leading group

13298-618: Was instrumental in the signing of the final peace agreement between the government and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) led by Nur Misuari in 1996. Although he battled Communist rebels as a young lieutenant in the 1950s, Ramos signed into law the Republic Act No. 7636, which repealed the Anti-Subversion Law . With its repeal, membership in the once-outlawed Communist Party of

13420-654: Was led by retired Supreme Court Justice Emilio Gancayco . As recommended by the Gancayco Commission, Ramos facilitated the enactment of Republic Act No. 8042, better known as the "Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995", which was signed into law on June 7, 1995. Learning from the lessons of the Contemplación case, Ramos immediately ordered Philippines Ambassador to the UAE Roy Señeres to facilitate negotiations after learning of

13542-461: Was marred with protests after his arrival in Manila . The protests also caused the resignation of Foreign Affairs Secretary Roberto Romulo and Labor Secretary Nieves Confesor from the cabinet. He immediately recalled Philippine ambassador to Singapore Alicia Ramos and suspended diplomatic relations with Singapore and created a special commission to look into the case, which was in part an effort to try to rescue his sagging popularity. The commission

13664-701: Was married to Cheng Hong , a professor in English Language and Literature (especially American Naturalism) at the Capital University of Economics and Business in Beijing. His father-in-law was once the deputy secretary of the Communist Youth League Central Committee. Alongside Mandarin, he also spoke conversational English. Li was generally regarded as advocating economic reform and liberalization. He

13786-483: Was not combat. NO SOFT JOBS FOR RAMOS. Thirty-seven years in the Armed Forces. REMEMBER THAT. You're only writing about the fringe, but do not allow yourself to destroy the armed forces by those guys. You write about the majority of the Armed Forces who are on the job. That's why we're here enjoying our freedom, ladies and gentlemen. You are here. If the majority of the Armed Forces did not do their job, I doubt very much if you'd all be here. After Corazon Aquino assumed

13908-506: Was organized to deal with so-called "terrorist-related" crimes, and named as the Philippine Constabulary Special Action Force as a requirement of General Order 323 of Philippine Constabulary Headquarters. Fidel Ramos and Gen. Renato de Villa were the founders of the unit. De Villa tasked Rosendo Ferrer and Sonny Razon to organize a Special Action Force. Subsequently, a training program called

14030-496: Was ranked 14th of the 2013 Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People , after taking the office of Chinese premier. On 18 March 2018, Li was reappointed premier of China after receiving 2,964 votes in favour and just two against by the NPC. Li was a firm believer in the use of robust economic data to aid in government decision making. When Li initially entered office, China was facing numerous structural problems inherited from

14152-499: Was said to be encroaching on the affairs in the economic realm normally handled by the premier, and was seen as having the effect of reducing Li's institutional power. However, Li appeared in official press releases as Xi's foremost lieutenant, being named Vice Chairman of the National Security Commission, in addition to becoming the deputy leader of leading groups on "deepening reforms", internet security, and

14274-720: Was succeeded as premier by Li Qiang in March 2023. Li died in October 2023 from a heart attack, after leaving office just a few months prior. Li Keqiang was born on 3 July 1955 in Dingyuan County of Hefei , Anhui province. His father was a local official in Anhui. Li graduated from Hefei No. 8 Senior High School in 1974, during the Cultural Revolution , and was sent for rural labour in an agriculture commune in Fengyang County, Anhui . There, he joined

14396-577: Was succeeded in his Liaoning party secretary post by governor Zhang Wenyue . Given his Youth League experience and his association with then paramount leader Hu Jintao , Li was viewed from early on in Hu's term as a contender to succeed Hu when his term as party leader ended in 2012. While Li's political future seemed promising, he was outranked on the Standing Committee by Xi Jinping , who had just left his role as party secretary of Shanghai to join

14518-566: Was the Philippine signatory to the ASEAN declaration forged in Bangkok in 1967, and was a founding member of the Liberal Party . According to Fidel Ramos's biography for his presidential inauguration in 1992, Narciso Ramos also served as one of the leaders of the anti-Japanese guerrilla group Maharlika , which was founded by Ferdinand Marcos . His mother, Angela Valdez (1905–1978),

14640-531: Was the head of the advance party of the PHILCAG (Philippine Civil Action Group to Vietnam) that went to a tiny province at the Cambodian border – the so-called Alligator Jaw – War Zone Z where even Max Soliven said The Viet-Cong will eat us up. Of course, we were physically there as non-combat troops. But you try to be a non-combat troop in a combat area – that is the toughest kind of assignment. Korea – as

14762-670: Was the situation in handling migrant workers' protection, a very major issue in the Philippines, as there are millions of Filipinos abroad throughout the world serving as workers in foreign countries, and their remittances to relatives at home are very important to the Filipino economy. On the eve of his 67th birthday on March 17, 1995, Ramos was on a foreign trip when Flor Contemplación was hanged in Singapore. His last-minute effort to negotiate with Singapore President Ong Teng Cheong and Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong failed and Ramos' return

14884-478: Was under the control and supervision of the Philippine Constabulary. As head of the PC, Ramos was ex officio the INP's first concurrent Director-General. Martial Law was formally lifted nine years later on January 17, 1981, but Marcos retained absolute powers. Due to his accomplishments, Ramos was one of the candidates for the position of Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1981, as replacement to

#481518