57-435: Robert Louis Fosse ( / ˈ f ɒ s i / ; June 23, 1927 – September 23, 1987) was an American choreographer , dancer , and film and stage director . Known for his work on stage and screen, he is arguably the most influential figure in the field of jazz dance in the twentieth century. He received numerous accolades including an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , three Primetime Emmy Awards , nine Tony Awards , and
114-489: A Limited Series. Choreographer Choreography is the art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies (or their depictions) in which motion or form or both are specified. Choreography may also refer to the design itself. A choreographer is one who creates choreographies by practising the art of choreography, a process known as choreographing . It most commonly refers to dance choreography . In dance, choreography. may also refer to
171-517: A Tony for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical for Can-Can (1954). In 1957, Fosse choreographed New Girl in Town , also directed by Abbott, and Verdon won her second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1958. In 1957, Fosse choreographed the film version of The Pajama Game starring Doris Day . The next year, Fosse appeared in and choreographed the film version of Damn Yankees , in which Verdon reprised her stage triumph as
228-643: A Z . Fosse was the only person to win all three major industry awards in the same year. Fosse was inducted into the National Museum of Dance in Saratoga Springs, New York , on April 27, 2007. The Los Angeles Dance Awards, founded in 1994, were called the "Fosse Awards", and are now called the American Choreography Awards . The Bob Fosse–Gwen Verdon Fellowship was established by their daughter, Nicole Fosse , in 2003 at
285-494: A book by Larry Gelbart , but he was replaced as director/choreographer. In 1961, Fosse choreographed the satirical Broadway musical How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying starring Robert Morse . The story revolves around an ambitious man, J. Pierrepont Finch (Morse), who, with the help of the book How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, rises from window washer to chairman of
342-424: A branch of Hamilton on January 8, 1936, and remained until 1937 when it was rendered obsolete by the newly erected Chappell School. In 1956, the school was the first site of a two-year college program that later grew to become present-day Harry S Truman College . Above the main entrance is inscribed the quote, "A brave man may fall but cannot yield." Amundsen High School is rated an 8 out of 10 by GreatSchools.org ,
399-536: A branch of McPherson Elementary that opened in Amundsen in 1932. On July 26, 1933, Amundsen Junior High became Amundsen Senior High. In addition to serving high school pupils it also accommodated an elementary school unit. In June 1935 the Amundsen Elementary unit closed except for a small number of first and second-graders kept on as a branch of Goudy Elementary. This branch of Goudy in Amundsen became
456-648: A choreographer and I'm grateful for that." Fosse was signed to an MGM contract in 1953. His early screen appearances as a dancer included Give a Girl a Break , The Affairs of Dobie Gillis and Kiss Me Kate , all released in 1953. Fosse's choreography of a short dance sequence in Kiss Me Kate and dance with Carol Haney brought him to the attention of Broadway producers. In Kiss Me Kate , Fosse starred alongside Howard Keel , Kathryn Grayson , and Ann Miller . Fosse played Hortensio within The Taming of
513-431: A coherent whole.” Choreography consisting of ordinary motor activities, social dances, commonplace movements or gestures, or athletic movements may lack a sufficient amount of authorship to qualify for copyright protection. A recent lawsuit was brought by professional dancer and choreographer Kyle Hanagami, who sued Epic Games, alleging that the video game developer copied a portion of Hanagami’s copyrighted dance moves in
570-547: A fan dance, inspired by his time in burlesque houses. After graduating from Amundsen High School in 1945, Fosse was recruited into the U.S. Navy toward the end of World War II at Naval Station Great Lakes , where he was sent to be prepared for combat. Fosse petitioned his manager, Frederick Weaver, to advocate on his behalf to his superiors after his own failed attempts to be placed in the Special Services Entertainment Division . Fosse
627-1092: A national school quality information site. GreatSchools’ Summary Rating is based on four of the school’s themed ratings: the Test Score Rating, Student or Academic Progress Rating, College Readiness Rating, and Equity Rating and flags for discipline and attendance disparities at a school. Amundsen competes in the Chicago Public League (CPL) and is a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA). The schools sport teams are nicknamed Vikings. The boys' soccer team were public league champions five times (1984–1985, 1987–1988, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2001–2002), Class AA three times (1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2001–2002) and regional champions four times (2008–2009, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2016–2017). The girls' soccer team were public league champions once in 1997–1998 and regional champions two times (2008–2009, 2010–2011). The sports stadium
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#1732779841090684-483: A production. However, Verdon always looked out for him and the Fosse family image, hosting grandiose cast parties and being Fosse's personal press secretary throughout their marriage. Fosse met dancer Ann Reinking during the run of Pippin in 1972. According to Reinking, their romantic relationship ended "toward the end of the run of Dancin ' " (1978). Reinking acted in his musical drama film All That Jazz which
741-560: A star-studded, celebrity-filled evening at Tavern on the Green with Verdon, Reinking, Roy Scheider , Ben Vereen , and E. L. Doctorow attending. At the 1973 Academy Awards , Fosse won the Academy Award for Best Director for Cabaret . That same year he won Tony Awards for directing and choreographing Pippin and Primetime Emmy Awards for producing, choreographing and directing Liza Minnelli 's television special Liza with
798-540: Is a part of Chicago Public Schools district. The school is named for Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen (1872–1928). In 2015, the school achieved "Level 1 Status in Good Standing" under the district's performance policy rating. The school shares a part of its campus with another Chicago public school, Eliza Chappell Elementary School. The school was named after Roald Amundsen , the Norwegian explorer who led
855-539: Is loosely based on his life. In 1961, Fosse's epilepsy was revealed when he had a seizure onstage during rehearsals for The Conquering Hero . Fosse's time outside of the rehearsal studio or theater was seldom spent alone. As stated in the biography Fosse by Sam Wasson , "nights alone were murder on Fosse". To alleviate loneliness and insomnia brought on by his prescribed amphetamines, Fosse would often contact dancers he would work with and try to date them, making it hard for many to refuse his advances, but also giving him
912-840: Is the longest-running choreography competition in the world (started c. 1982 ), organised by the Ballett Gesellschaft Hannover e.V. It took place online during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, returning to the stage at the Theater am Aegi in 2022. Gregor Zöllig, head choreographer of dance at the Staatstheater Braunschweig was appointed artistic director of the competition in 2020. The main conditions of entry are that entrants must be under 40 years of age, and professionally trained. The competition has been run in collaboration with
969-537: Is used to design dances that are intended to be performed as concert dance . The art of choreography involves the specification of human movement and form in terms of space, shape, time and energy, typically within an emotional or non-literal context. Movement language is taken from the dance techniques of ballet , contemporary dance , jazz dance , hip hop dance , folk dance , techno , K-pop , religious dance, pedestrian movement, or combinations of these. The word choreography literally means "dance-writing" from
1026-580: The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater . Reinking and Verdon kept Fosse's unique choreography alive after his death. Reinking played the role of Roxie Hart in the New York revival of Chicago , which opened in 1996. She choreographed the dances in Fosse style for that revival. In 1999, Verdon served as artistic consultant on a Broadway musical designed to showcase examples of classic Fosse choreography. Called simply Fosse ,
1083-570: The MGM musical Kiss Me, Kate (1953) and had his directorial debut with the musical Sweet Charity (1969). He won the Academy Award for Best Director for the musical drama Cabaret (1972). He was Oscar-nominated for directing the dramas Lenny (1974) and All That Jazz (1979), the later of which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival . He is also known for directing
1140-639: The Palme d'Or . Fosse started his career acting in the musical productions of Call Me Mister (1947), Billion Dollar Baby (1951), and Pal Joey (1952). He transitioned into directing and choreographing musical works, winning Tony Awards for The Pajama Game (1954), Damn Yankees (1955), Redhead (1959), Little Me (1963), Sweet Charity (1966), Pippin (1972), Dancin' (1978), and Big Deal (1986). He also worked on Bells Are Ringing (1956), New Girl in Town (1958), How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1961), and Chicago (1975). On film, he played Hortensio in
1197-615: The Tanja Liedtke Foundation since her death in 2008, and from 2021 a new production prize has been awarded by the foundation, to complement the five other production awards. The 2021 and 2022 awards were presented by Marco Goecke , then director of ballet at the Staatstheater Hannover . There are a number of other international choreography competitions, mostly focused on modern dance. These include: The International Online Dance Competition (IODC)
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#17327798410901254-545: The concert film Liza with a Z , earning Fosse an Emmy Award for both direction and choreography. In 1973, Fosse's work on Pippin won him the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical . He was director and choreographer of Chicago in 1975, which also starred Verdon. In 1974, Fosse directed Lenny , a biographical film about the controversial standup comedian Lenny Bruce portrayed by Dustin Hoffman . Fosse
1311-430: The design itself, which is sometimes expressed by means of dance notation . Dance choreography is sometimes called dance composition . Aspects of dance choreography include the compositional use of organic unity , rhythmic or non-rhythmic articulation, theme and variation, and repetition. The choreographic process may employ improvisation for the purpose of developing innovative movement ideas. In general, choreography
1368-1251: The 19th century, and romantic ballet choreographers included Carlo Blasis , August Bournonville , Jules Perrot and Marius Petipa . Modern dance brought a new, more naturalistic style of choreography, including by Russian choreographer Michel Fokine (1880-1942) and Isadora Duncan (1878-1927), and since then styles have varied between realistic representation and abstraction. Merce Cunningham , George Balanchine , and Sir Frederick Ashton were all influential choreographers of classical or abstract dance, but Balanchine and Ashton, along with Martha Graham , Leonide Massine , Jerome Robbins and others also created representational works. Isadora Duncan loved natural movement and improvisation . The work of Alvin Ailey (1931-1989), an African-American dancer, choreographer, and activist, spanned many styles of dance, including ballet, jazz , modern dance, and theatre. Dances are designed by applying one or both of these fundamental choreographic methods: Several underlying techniques are commonly used in choreography for two or more dancers: Movements may be characterized by dynamics, such as fast, slow, hard, soft, long, and short. Today,
1425-474: The Broadway musical he had directed and choreographed. In 1972, Fosse directed his second theatrical film, Cabaret , starring Liza Minnelli , Michael York and Joel Grey . The film is based on the 1966 musical of the same name . In the traditional manner of musical theater, called an "integrated musical", every significant character in the stage version sings to express his or her own emotion and to advance
1482-529: The Greek words "χορεία" (circular dance, see choreia ) and "γραφή" (writing). It first appeared in the American English dictionary in the 1950s, and "choreographer" was first used as a credit for George Balanchine in the Broadway show On Your Toes in 1936. Before this, stage credits and movie credits used phrases such as "ensembles staged by", "dances staged by", or simply "dances by" to denote
1539-530: The Shrew dance sequences. In 1954, Fosse choreographed his first musical, The Pajama Game , followed by My Sister Eileen and George Abbott 's Damn Yankees in 1955. It was while working on Damn Yankees that he first met rising star Gwen Verdon , whom he married in 1960. For her work in Damn Yankees, Verdon won her first Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1956. She had previously won
1596-515: The Winchell project. Notable distinctions of Fosse's style included the use of turned-in knees, the "Fosse Amoeba", sideways shuffling, rolled shoulders and jazz hands . With Astaire as an influence, Fosse used props such as bowler hats, canes and chairs. His trademark use of hats was influenced by his own self-consciousness, according to Martin Gottfried in his biography of Fosse, "His baldness
1653-751: The affirmation of success he sought. Fosse died of a heart attack on September 23, 1987, at George Washington University Hospital while the revival of Sweet Charity was opening at the nearby National Theatre . He had collapsed in Verdon's arms near the Willard Hotel. As he had requested, Verdon and Nicole Fosse scattered his ashes in the Atlantic Ocean off Quogue, Long Island , where Fosse had been living with his girlfriend of four years. A month after his death, Verdon fulfilled Fosse's request for his friends to "go out and have dinner on me" by hosting
1710-558: The board of the World Wide Wicket Company. The musical was an instant hit. In 1963, Fosse was nominated for two Tony Awards for Best Choreography and Best Direction of a Musical for the musical Little Me , winning the former. He choreographed and directed Verdon in Sweet Charity in 1966. Fosse directed five feature films. His first, Sweet Charity (1969) starring Shirley MacLaine , is an adaptation of
1767-544: The character Lola. Fosse and Verdon were partners in the mambo number "Who's Got the Pain". In 1959, Fosse directed and choreographed the musical Redhead . For his work on Redhead, Fosse won the Tony Award for Best Choreography while Verdon won her third Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. Redhead won the Tony Award for best musical. Fosse's next feature was supposed to be the musical The Conquering Hero based on
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1824-410: The choreographer. In Renaissance Italy , dance masters created movements for social dances which were taught, while staged ballets were created in a similar way. In 16th century France, French court dances were developed in an artistic pattern. In the 17th and 18th centuries, social dance became more separated from theatrical dance performances. During this time the word choreography was applied to
1881-532: The concert film Liza with a Z (1972), which earned him the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special , and his final film Star 80 (1983). Fosse forged an uncompromising modern style, characterized by finger-snapping , tilted bowler hats , fishnet stockings , splayed gloved fingers, turned-in knees and toes, shoulder rolls and jazz hands . Fosse's life, career and relationship with wife and collaborator Gwen Verdon
1938-517: The copyright claims after the district court concluded that his two-second, four-beat sequence of dance steps was not protectable under copyright law. Amundsen High School Roald Amundsen High School is a public four-year high school located between the Ravenswood , Andersonville and Lincoln Square neighborhoods in Chicago, Illinois , United States. Opened in 1929, Amundsen
1995-604: The couple to appear on The Colgate Comedy Hour in 1951. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, Fosse transitioned from film to theatre . In 1948, Tony Charmoli danced in Make Mine Manhattan , but gave the part to Fosse when the show toured nationally. Charmoli also found Fosse work as a dancer on the TV shows he was working on when Fosse returned from the tour. Fosse told an interviewer, "Jerry [ Jerome Robbins ] started me doing choreography. He gave me my first job as
2052-569: The film as "Mr. Fosse's answer to 8½ in which Federico Fellini wittily examined his own life at a point when he feared his creativity was at an end". Fosse's final film, Star 80 (1983), was a biographical movie about Dorothy Stratten , a Playboy Playmate who was murdered. The film is based on a Pulitzer Prize -winning article. The film was screened out of competition at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival . Critic Roger Ebert in his four star review of
2109-440: The film, wrote, "Although his Broadway musicals have been upbeat entertainments, he seems to see the movie camera as a device for peering into our shames and secrets...This is an important movie. Devastating, violent, hopeless, and important, because it holds a mirror up to a part of the world we live in, and helps us see it more clearly." In 1986, Fosse wrote, choreographed and directed the Broadway production of Big Deal , which
2166-643: The first ballet sequences in a show that contained five different styles of dance: Fosse's jazz, a cancan , a gypsy dance, a march and an old-fashioned English music hall number. During Pippin , Fosse made the first television commercial for a Broadway show. Fosse married dance partner Mary Ann Niles (1923–1987) on May 3, 1947, in Detroit. In 1952, a year after he divorced Niles, he married dancer Joan McCracken in New York City; this marriage lasted until 1959, when it also ended in divorce. His third wife
2223-523: The first expedition to reach the South Pole. His expedition reached the pole on December 14, 1911. Designed by architect Paul Gerhardt, Roald Amundsen School opened on November 10, 1930, two years after the explorer died in a rescue mission to the North Pole. Amundsen was not a high school when it opened, but a junior high. The Amundsen building also played host to branches of other schools, including
2280-417: The life of a womanizing, drug-addicted choreographer and director in the midst of triumph and failure. Ann Reinking appears in the film as the protagonist's lover, protégée and domestic partner. All That Jazz won four Academy Awards , earning Fosse his third Oscar nomination for Best Director. It also won the Palme d'Or at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival . Vincent Canby of The New York Times described
2337-731: The main rules for choreography are that it must impose some kind of order on the performance, within the three dimensions of space as well the fourth dimension of time and the capabilities of the human body. In the performing arts , choreography applies to human movement and form. In dance , choreography is also known as dance choreography or dance composition. Choreography is also used in a variety of other fields, including opera , cheerleading , theatre , marching band , synchronized swimming , cinematography , ice skating , gymnastics , fashion shows , show choir , cardistry , video game production, and animated art . The International Choreographic Competition Hannover, Hanover , Germany,
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2394-657: The plot. In the film version, the musical numbers are entirely diegetic . The film focuses on a romance between Sally Bowles (Minnelli), who performs at the Kit Kat Klub, and a young British idealist, Brian Roberts, played by York. The story is set during the final decline of Weimar Germany . The film was an immediate success among audiences and critics alike. The film won eight Academy Awards , including Best Director. Liza Minnelli and Joel Grey both won Oscars for their roles in Cabaret . That same year they collaborated on
2451-417: The popular game Fortnite. Hanagami published a YouTube video in 2017 featuring a dance he choreographed to the song "How Long" by Charlie Puth, and Hanagami claimed that Fortnight's "It's Complicated" "emote" copied a portion of his "How High" choreography. Hanagami's asserted claims for direct and contributory copyright infringement and unfair competition. Fortnite-maker Epic Games ultimately won dismissal of
2508-463: The story of the couple's troubled personal and professional relationship, is based on the biography Fosse by Sam Wasson . It premiered in eight parts on April 9, 2019, on FX . At the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards , Fosse/Verdon received seventeen nominations, including Outstanding Limited Series and acting nominations for Rockwell, Williams, and Qualley. Williams won the Emmy for Outstanding Actress in
2565-451: The three-act musical revue was conceived and choreographed by Chet Walker, directed and co-conceived by Richard Maltby, Jr., and co-directed, co-choreographed by co-conceived by Ann Reinking. Verdon and Fosse's daughter, Nicole, received a special thanks credit. The show won a Tony for best musical. Fosse/Verdon is an eight-part American miniseries starring Sam Rockwell as Fosse and Michelle Williams as Verdon. The series, which tells
2622-587: The whole burlesque wheel." However, many of the women and promoters did not care that Fosse was underage working in adult clubs or that he would be exposed to sexual harassment from the burlesque women. Much of the erotica he saw would inspire his future work. In 1943, at the age of 15, Fosse would come to choreograph his first dance number and earn his first full credit as a choreographer in a film, Hold Evry'thing! A Streamlined Extravaganza in Two Parts , which featured showgirls wearing strapless dresses and performing
2679-631: The written record of dances, which later became known as dance notation , with the meaning of choreography shifting to its current use as the composition of a sequence of movements making up a dance performance. The ballet master or choreographer during this time became the "arranger of dance as a theatrical art", with one well-known master being of the late 18th century being Jean-Georges Noverre , with others following and developing techniques for specific types of dance, including Gasparo Angiolini , Jean Dauberval , Charles Didelot , and Salvatore Viganò . Ballet eventually developed its own vocabulary in
2736-538: Was again nominated for Best Director , Hoffman also received a nomination for Best Actor. Fosse performed a song and dance in Stanley Donen 's 1974 film version of The Little Prince . According to AllMusic , "Bob Fosse stops the show with a slithery dance routine." In 1977, Fosse had a small role in the romantic comedy Thieves . In 1979, Fosse co-wrote and directed a semi-autobiographical film All That Jazz (1979), starring Roy Scheider , which portrayed
2793-529: Was dancer and actress Gwen Verdon , whom he met choreographing Damn Yankees , in which she starred. In 1963, they had a daughter, Nicole Fosse , who later became a dancer and actress. Fosse's extramarital affairs put a strain on the marriage and by 1971 they were separated , although they remained legally married until his death in 1987. Verdon never re-partnered. During their joint career, Fosse would continually take blame from critics while Gwen Verdon would get praise, no matter how much influence Verdon had on
2850-545: Was drawn to dance and took lessons. When he was 13 years old, Fosse performed professionally in Chicago with Charles Grass, as "The Riff Brothers". They toured vaudeville and movie houses in Chicago, as well as USO theaters and Eagles Clubs. Many of these performances included shows at burlesque clubs, such as the Silver Cloud and Cave of Winds. Fosse himself is quoted with saying "I was sixteen years old, and I played
2907-427: Was inspired by the "father of theatrical jazz dance", Jack Cole . In 1957, Verdon and Fosse studied with Sanford Meisner to develop a better acting technique. According to Michael Joosten, Fosse once said: "The time to sing is when your emotional level is too high to just speak anymore, and the time to dance is when your emotions are just too strong to only sing about how you 'feel.'" In Redhead , Fosse used one of
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#17327798410902964-531: Was introduced in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a Grand Prix worth US$ 1,000 . Section 102(a)(4) of the Copyright Act provides protection in “choreographic works” that were created after January 1, 1978, and are fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Under copyright law, choreography is “the composition and arrangement of a related series of dance movements and patterns organized into
3021-403: Was nominated for five Tony awards, winning for Best Choreography , as well as five more for the revival of Sweet Charity at the nearby Minskoff Theater , winning a Tony Award for Best Revival . Fosse began work on a film about gossip columnist Walter Winchell that would have starred Robert De Niro as Winchell. The Winchell script was written by Michael Herr . Fosse died before starting
3078-454: Was profiled in the biography Fosse (2013) by Sam Wasson which was adapted into the FX limited series Fosse/Verdon (2019). Fosse was born in Chicago, Illinois , on June 23, 1927, to a Norwegian-American father, Cyril Kingsley Fosse, a traveling salesman for The Hershey Company , and an Irish-American mother, Sarah Alice "Sadie" ( née Stanton) Fosse. He was the fifth of six children. He
3135-592: Was renovated in 2004 and renamed Jorndt Field after Louis C. Jorndt, who taught and coached at Amundsen from 1930 until 1953. His son Dan and his wife Pat donated $ 1 million for the renovation. Football scenes for the movie The Express: The Ernie Davis Story (2008), about the life of Ernie Davis , the first African-American to win the Heisman Trophy, were filmed in Jorndt Field in April and May 2007. In
3192-797: Was soon placed in the variety show Tough Situation , which toured military and naval bases in the Pacific Ocean . After his discharge, Fosse moved to New York City in 1947 with the ambition of being the new Fred Astaire . He began to study acting at the American Theatre Wing, where he met his first wife and dance partner, Mary Ann Niles (1923–1987). His first stage role was in Call Me Mister , along with Niles. Fosse and Niles were regular performers on Your Hit Parade in its 1950–1951 season. Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis saw their act in New York's Pierre Hotel and scheduled
3249-484: Was the reason that he wore hats, and was doubtless why he put hats on his dancers." Fosse used gloves in his performances because he did not like his hands. Some of his most popular numbers include "Steam Heat" ( The Pajama Game ) and "Big Spender" ( Sweet Charity ). The "Rich Man's Frug" scene (starring a young Ben Vereen ) in Sweet Charity is another example of his signature style. For Damn Yankees , Fosse
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