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47-629: The county was named after two older counties: Bács and Bodrog. Bács county was named after the town of Bács (present-day Bač ) and Bodrog county was named after the historical town of Bodrog (which was located near present-day Bački Monoštor ), which itself was named after the Slavic tribe of Abodrites (or Bodrići in Slavic) that inhabited this area in the Middle Ages. The Abodrites were originally from northwest Germany, but after their homeland fell to

94-514: A chapter house around 1090. After 1135 the archbishops moved back to their former seat in Kalocsa . Later the diocese was called the "Archbishopric of Kalocsa-Bacs" (first mentioned in 1266). In 1154, the Arab geographer Idrisi wrote that Bač is a rich town with many merchants and craftsmen, a place with a lot of wheat and many "Greek scholars" which could refer to Orthodox priests and monks. In

141-494: A mechanical pipe organ , one of the oldest in this part of Europe. The original one was acquired in 1716 and was "like the one that Bach plays on". It was replaced with the larger and bigger one, which was made in 1826 and installed in 1827. It has 2 manuals , 16 registers , almost 1,000 organ pipes and is fully functional. Restoration of the monastery, dedicated to the Assumption of Mary , began in 2016. The remains of

188-521: A preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017): Seats in the municipality parliament won in the 2012 local elections: [1] In 2017 the fortress was visited by 6,500 tourists. Other attractions include the Provala Lake, which was formed in the mid-20th century after a flood of the Danube, and a Berava stream, popular among the fishermen. Origins can be traced to

235-527: A similar but originally different Hungarian personal name was derived from the Old Turkic baya dignity in the form Bácsa , which later evolved into Bács . It is not certain whether name of the town came from Vlach-Slavic or from the Hungarian name. Some Hungarian historians assume that the town was named after the first comes of the county, Bács ispán (Bač župan). However, the existence of that person

282-1019: Is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina , Serbia . The town has a population of 4,405, while the municipality has 11,431 inhabitants. The entire geographical region between the rivers Danube and Tisza , today divided between Serbia and Hungary, was named Bačka after the town. In Serbian , the town is known as Бач ( Bač ); in Slovak as Báč ; in Croatian ( Šokac ) as Bač ; in Hungarian as Bács ; in German as Batsch ; in Latin as Bach or Bacs ; and in Turkish as Baç . Along with Serbian, Slovak and Hungarian are also in official use in

329-428: Is directly accessed via the bridge across the canal and through the gate of Šiljak . The houses were built from the 18th to the 20th century, and residents are not allowed to change façades without prior consent from the institutes in charge of protection. The fort used to have 8 towers, but five are preserved today. There are four side towers and the tallest, over 20 m (66 ft), keep ( donžon ). The fortress

376-530: Is not historically confirmed and his ethnic origin is uncertain. There are several more places with same name (in North Macedonia , Slovenia , Montenegro and Albania ), as well as a large number of place names beginning with letters "bač-" or "bács-" that are scattered all over the Balkans and Central Europe , as well as in some other regions. Evidence show that the area was inhabited already in

423-627: Is to make this one part of the "diffused museum" within the scopes of the "Centuries in Bač" project, which would also include the fortress and the Serbian Orthodox Bođani monastery . The reconstruction was finished in June 2019. Artifacts in the museum include bricks from the Roman period, which have the game Nine men's morris or the crosses carved on. Also exhibited are the 13th century remains of

470-505: The Kingdom of Hungary . Its territory is now in central Hungary , comprising roughly the territory of the present Hungarian county Pest and the northern part of present Bács-Kiskun county. The capital of the county was Budapest . The Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun county shared borders with the counties Komárom , Esztergom , Hont , Nógrád , Heves , Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok , Csongrád , Bács-Bodrog , Tolna and Fejér . Its territory covered

517-607: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and subsequent South Slavic states. It was occupied by Hungary between 1941 and 1944 during World War II . Bač Fortress is the best preserved medieval fort in Vojvodina. Section of Bač below the fortress is called Podgrađe . It consists of 36 houses in the typical lowland Vojvodina style and is protected, together with the fort, as the Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Exceptional Importance . The section

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564-491: The fresco paintings, including the fresco Crucifixion of Jesus with Virgin Mary which was discovered accidentally in 2011. There is also an icon of Mary, Mother of God , painted in 1684, which is protected by the state in 1948 with some of the old and rare books from the monastery library. Bač is twinned with: Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun is the name of an administrative county ( comitatus ) of

611-599: The 12th century. In 1169, canons from the knighthood Order of the Holy Sepulchre built a small church in the Romanesque style . They used some building materials from much older previous edifices. Franciscans took over the church in 1300. In the second half of the 14th century, the Franciscans expanded it, forming a monastery. The inner corridors are designed to practically form the cubes. Franciscans added

658-583: The 16th century. From the 15th century, it was the most important Hungarian ramparts against the invading Ottoman forces . The pivotal moment was the disastrous Hungarian defeat in 1526 at the Battle of Mohacs , so the Ottomans conquered Bač in 1529. During the war between Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 16th century, Serbian despot Stevan Berislavić successfully defended the Bač fortress from

705-465: The 17th century some Šokci Croats from Tuzla area migrated to Bač as refugees. Today they comprise less than 9% of the population. According to the 2002 census, 66% of inhabitants of the Bač municipality speak Serbian as mother tongue. Other spoken languages include Slovak (20%), Romanian (4%), Hungarian (3%), Croatian (3%), and Romani (2%). Serbian, Slovak, and Hungarian are officially used by municipal authorities. The following table gives

752-607: The Batschka were also included into Bács-Bodrog county. The only part of the Batschka region which remained within the Military Frontier was Šajkaška , but it too came under civil administration in 1873. In 1848/1849, the area of the county was claimed by the self-proclaimed Serbian Voivodeship , while between 1849 and 1860 it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar , an official crown land of

799-521: The Danube. Its area was 10,362 km (4,001 sq mi) around 1910. Bács county arose as one of the first counties of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary , in the 11th century. Bodrog county was also formed in the 11th century. The area was taken by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and the two counties were abolished. During the Ottoman administration, the area of the former counties

846-660: The Empire. During this time the county did not exist since the area was divided into districts. The county was recreated in 1860, when the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar was abolished and the area was again incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary . By the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, the territory of the county was divided between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Hungary . Most of

893-493: The Germans, some had moved to Pannonia . Bács-Bodrog county shared borders with several other counties of the Kingdom of Hungary: Baranya , Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun , Csongrád , Torontál , Syrmia , and Virovitica (the latter two counties were part of the autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia ). The river Danube formed its western and southern border. The river Tisza formed its eastern border, down to its confluence with

940-619: The Ottomans for a long time until the fortress finally fell. During the Ottoman rule (16th-17th century), Bač was a seat of a kaza of Bač in Sanjak of Segedin . Since 1686 the town was under Habsburg . The fortress was mined with explosives in 1704, during the Rákóczi's War of Independence . During the Austrian rule, many Germans settled in Bač during this time. After 1918, Bač was part of

987-403: The county (including Sombor , Subotica , and Novi Sad ) was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929), while the northernmost part (approximately 15% of the county), including town of Baja, was assigned to Hungary. Until 1922, the southern part of the former Bács-Bodrog county was a de facto province of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes with

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1034-414: The county was composed of the following religious communities: Total: In 1910, the county had a population of 1,978,041 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities: According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities: Total: Before approx. 1897, the subdivisions of Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun were (felső is upper, közép is middle, alsó

1081-684: The county was the cultural and political centre of the Serbs in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Bács-Bodrog county were: The towns of Baja and Bácsalmás are now in Hungary; the other towns mentioned are now in Serbia. In the early 19th century Bács-Bodrog County was divided into: Šajkaška was part of the Military Frontier at this time. Ba%C4%8D, Serbia Bač ( Serbian Cyrillic : Бач , pronounced [bâːtʃ] ; Hungarian : Bács )

1128-400: The county's population. The 1720 census recorded 104,569 citizens in the county. Of those, there were 98,000 Serbs (divided into 76,000 Orthodox and 22,000 Roman Catholics, or Bunjevci and Šokci), 5,019 Magyars and 750 Germans. The Serbs (73%) and Bunjevci and Šokci (21%) had an overwhelming majority in the county at that time. There was also an emigration of Serbs from the eastern parts of

1175-462: The early 13th century. Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa , founded a hospital in Bač, as the first such facility in this part of Europe. Pope Gregory IX wrote about the "Bačka hospital" in 1234, as being open for the sick and poor. The town prospered with the Hungarian king Charles Robert I built the fortress in the first half of the 14th century. The fort developed and reached its full extension by

1222-409: The eastern bank of the river Danube from Visegrád in the north to (excluding) Baja in the south, stretching to the river Tisza in the east. A part of the county ( Pilis ) was on the west bank of the Danube, near Budapest . Its area was 12,228 km around 1910. It was the largest and by far the most populous county of Hungary. The counties Pest and Pilis were formed in the 11th century. Pest

1269-453: The following villages: Zvonik , a Roman Catholic magazine in Croatian , was founded in Bač in 1994. According to the 2022 census, the Bač municipality has 11,431 inhabitants. The ethnic composition of the municipality: Settlements with Serb ethnic majority are: Bač, Bačko Novo Selo, and Bođani. The settlement with Slovak ethnic majority is Selenča. Ethnically mixed settlements with relative Serb majority are Vajska and Plavna. In

1316-468: The last Ottoman wars . The new settlers were primarily Serbs , Hungarians , and Germans . Because many of the Germans came from Swabia , they were known as Donauschwaben , or Danube Swabians . Some Germans also came from Austria, and some from Bavaria and Alsace . Lutheran Slovaks , Rusyns , and others were also colonized, but to a much smaller extent. According to the Austrian census from 1715, Serbs , Bunjevci , and Šokci comprised 97.6% of

1363-480: The municipality administration. In the ninth and tenth centuries, the name of the town was Bagasin . The Byzantine writer John Kinnamos writes that Παγάτζιον is the most important city in Sirmium . In 1154, the Arab geographer Idrisi mention it under name Bakasin and claim that "it is a famous city that was mentioned among old big cities". The current name of the town was first recorded in 1094. In 1111

1410-513: The name could be Paleo-Balkanic , Romanian , Slavic , or Old Turkic . In the Romanian , Baci means "tenant, mountaineer or chieftain of the shepherd habitation in the mountain". The name could be spread into other languages by the Vlach shepherds. However, a similar name, Bača , was recorded among old Russians, which implies the possibility of Slavic origin. Hungarian linguists claim that

1457-415: The number of Hungarians rising to 121,688 and Germans to 91,016, or 31% and 23%, respectively. As for the geographical distribution of the four largest ethnic groups in 1910, Hungarians mainly lived in the northern parts of the county, Germans in the western parts, Croats (including Bunjevci and Šokci ) around Szabadka and Serbs in the southern parts. The city of Újvidék in the southern part of

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1504-462: The old moat were discovered during the digging. During the reconstruction, one part of the monastery was adapted into the museum. A permanent archaeological exhibition was set, which shows the continuous habitation of the area, from the Prehistoric time until the 18th century. As the monastery holds numerous Franciscan relics, books, dishes, cloths and other items, they are also exhibited. The idea

1551-478: The parish was mentioned as Bache . This name probably derived from the same personal name. In Serbian this name is written as Bač (Бач), in Hungarian as Bács , and in Romanian as Baci , although the Romanian population used this word as a title rather than as a name. The name is of uncertain origin and its existence was recorded among Vlachs , Slavs and Hungarians in the Middle Ages. The origin of

1598-543: The region, which belonged to Military Frontier until 1751. After the abolishment of the Theiß-Maros section of Military Frontier, many Serbs emigrated from north-eastern parts of Batschka. They moved either to Russia (notably to New Serbia and Slavo-Serbia ) or to Banat , where the Military Frontier was still in place . By 1820, the county had grown to 387,914 in total population. The Serb (including Croats, Bunjevci and Šokci) share had dropped to 44% or 170,942, with

1645-534: The seat in Novi Sad . The capital of the smaller Hungarian county of Bács-Bodrog was Baja . The former Yugoslav part of the pre-1920 Bács-Bodrog county was occupied and annexed by Hungary in 1941 and Bács-Bodrog county was extended to its historic boundaries. After World War II , the border between Yugoslavia and Hungary was restored in 1947 by the Paris Peace Treaties and the county's territory

1692-415: The seat of a new archbishopric in 1085. Previously historians assumed that Bač (Bacs) was a bishopric before that time. The first archbishop, Fabian (1085–1103) helped the king in the course of the campaign against Croatia and was rewarded with the title. Gyula Városy proved that king Ladislaus only moved the seat of the archbishopric of Kalocsa to Bač (Bacs), where he built a cathedral and established

1739-422: The south wall's mihrab - a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca . With the withdrawal of the Ottomans, the Franciscans returned in the 17th century. The present appearance of the complex dates from the 1734-1768 period. Visually, the monastery is today a combination of Gothic, Romanesque and Classicist architecture. The dining room still has a large doorknob from 1736. The monastery hosts

1786-454: The tall bell tower and the monastery building, all in the Gothic style . A nice, Renaissance style sink is still preserved. The monastery was surrounded by a moat and the walls with towers, as was the usual for the monasteries in Hungary at the time. After the Ottoman conquest, the monastery was converted to a mosque in the 16th century. Some of the Ottoman adaptations still remain, like

1833-470: The town was the seat of the Bacsensis County. The foundation date of the county is a disputed question, some historians assume that it was one of the first counties of the Kingdom established by Stephen I but there is no documentary evidence of its existence in that time. The first known prefect (comes) of the county was recorded in 1074 and his name was Vid . King Ladislaus I made the town

1880-647: The younger Neolithic . The town later developed on an island in the meander of the Mostonga river and for centuries was accessible only by the wooden bridge. The river is channeled today as part of the Danube–Tisa–Danube Canal system and has two proper bridges, so the fortress and the old town are now on a dry land. Bač is one of the oldest towns in Vojvodina . The archeological research showed that an ancient Roman settlement existed in this area. Bač

1927-418: Was added in 1876, creating Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun county. After World War II , the county was split into two roughly equal parts. The northern part became Pest county , the southern part merged with Bács-Bodrog county to form Bács-Kiskun county. In 1900, the county had a population of 1,615,729 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities: Total: According to the census of 1900,

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1974-504: Was awarded the 2018 Europa Nostra Award, European Union prize for cultural heritage. One of the first modern pharmacies in this part of Vojvodina was open in Bač in 1828. It was founded by the Gebauer family, in their family home. The house still exists today and, though the interior is changed, the original display window and the stairs are preserved. Bač municipality includes the town of Bač (together with Mali Bač settlement) and

2021-577: Was first mentioned in 535 AD, in a letter written by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian . In 873 AD, the town was mentioned as Avar fortress, inhabited by both, Avars and Slavs . In this time, the Saint Methodius , a creator of the Slavic alphabet , converted to Christianity Slavs that lived in Bačka and Bač. In the tenth century, this region became part of the Kingdom of Hungary . In the Middle Ages

2068-399: Was left to the elements from 18th to 20th century. First occasional archaeological explorations began in the 19th century, but the survey in earnest began in the 20th century. Reconstruction and conservation project, which includes the exploration works, started in 2006. The fortress was restored, archaeological sections were conserved while the visitors center was open in the keep. The project

2115-660: Was part of the Sanjak of Segedin . The Bács and Bodrog counties were established again after the Bácska region was captured by the Habsburg monarchy in 1699; later, the two counties were joined into a single county in 1802. Some (mostly eastern) parts of Bácska were incorporated into the Theiß-Marosch section of the Military Frontier . After this part of the Military Frontier was abolished in 1751, these parts of

2162-615: Was reduced again. The Yugoslav part of the former Bács-Bodrog county was later divided into 3 districts and is currently part of the Serbian autonomous region of Vojvodina . In 1950, Bács-Bodrog was united with the southern part of the former Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun county to form the Bács-Kiskun county. During the 18th century, the Habsburgs carried out an intensive colonisation of the area, which had low population density after

2209-405: Was the area on the left (east) bank of the Danube around present-day Budapest, Pilis was on the opposite bank. They were united and became the political, cultural and economical centre of Hungary. The Solt region (the left bank of the Danube south of Ráckeve ), which previously belonged to Fejér county , was incorporated into Pest-Pilis-Solt county in the 17th century. Kiskunság ( Little Cumania )

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