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19-714: The Bohai Bay is the drainage destination of the Hai River and 15 other rivers. Due to these rivers' muddy runoff, the bay used to be a highly silty water body, but extensive damming of the various river systems has greatly diminished siltage. Nevertheless, the Bohai Bay in effect concentrates the runoff of the whole eastern North China Plain , and the Bay is an intensely polluted body of water. Reduced silt deposition and sea level rise are causing problems with sea encroachment in some coastal areas. Fisheries were traditionally some of

38-728: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hai River The Hai River (海河, lit. "Sea River"), also known as the Peiho , Pei Ho ("White River"), or Hai Ho , is a Chinese river connecting Beijing to Tianjin and the Bohai Sea . During the Song dynasty , the main stream of the Hai River was called the lower section of the Jie River. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties, it

57-579: Is a river in northern China . It is one of the main tributaries in the Hai River system and is the largest river to flow through Beijing . In recent years, the Beijing segment of the river has dried up due to environmental issues. The Beijing municipal government has invested 16 billion yuan in an effort to replace the riverbed with parkland or smaller bodies of water. The river was originally called Wuding River ( Chinese : 無定河 ; pinyin : Wúdìng Hé ), literally "unfixed river", because its flow

76-865: Is known as the Sanggan River (桑干河) and flows northeast into Inner Mongolia and then heads southeast into Hebei Province . In Huailai County , it fills the Guanting Reservoir , the biggest reservoir serving Beijing, and takes on the name Yongding. It enters Beijing Municipality through the Xishan Mountains west of the city in Mentougou District and descends into the flatlands of Fengtai and Daxing Districts. The river eventually flows back into Hebei Province and then on to Tianjin Municipality , where it meets

95-588: Is only around 70 kilometers (43 mi) from Tianjin to its estuary. Its basin has an area of approximately 319,000 km (123,000 sq mi). On 20 May 1858, the Pei-ho, as it was then known, was the scene of an invasion by Anglo-French forces during the Second Opium War whereby the Taku Forts were captured. In 1863 seagoing ships could reach the head of navigation at Tongzhou , but

114-879: The Grand Canal . The Southern Canal is joined by the Wei River at Linqing . The Northern Canal joins with the Bai He (or Chaobai River ) at Tongzhou . The Northern Canal (sharing a channel with Bai He) is also the only waterway from the sea to Beijing . Therefore, early Westerners also called the Hai He the Bai He. At Tianjin, through the Grand Canal, the Hai connects with the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The construction of

133-548: The Hai River just before the latter enters the city and then empties into the Bohai Sea at Tanggu . Part of the river is diverted before the juncture with the Hai, and flows directly into the Bohai Sea. This channel is called the Yongding New River (永定新河). Historically, the river was notorious for its flash floods and course changes. The river has taken at least three major courses through Beijing. According to

152-575: The Port of Tianjin , the large Port of Tangshan itself which consists of three ports ( Caofeidian , Jingtang and Fennan), and the Port of Huanghua , making the Bay into a very crowded waterway. Land reclamation in Tianjin and in Caofeidian have greatly changed the littoral zone, and destroyed much of the area's wetlands . Land reclamation has also affected migratory birds. As is the case of most of

171-629: The Bohai Sea, the Bohai Bay is rich in hydrocarbon deposits and has several active offshore oil fields . Jidong Nanpu contains 7,500,000,000 barrels (1.19 × 10 m), while the bay as a whole is estimated to contain 146 billion barrels (23.2 × 10 ^  m). On June 4, 2011, a large oil spill occurred related to the China National Offshore Oil Corporation . 39°5′2.6″N 118°49′5.9″E  /  39.084056°N 118.818306°E  / 39.084056; 118.818306 This Chinese location article

190-451: The Grand Canal greatly altered the rivers of the Hai He basin. Previously, the Wei, Ziya Yongding and Bai Rivers flowed separately to the sea. The Grand Canal cut through the lower reaches of these rivers and fused them into one outlet to the sea, in the form of the current Hai He. The Hai River is 1,329 kilometers (826 mi) long measured from the longest tributary. However, the Hai River

209-700: The Hai He Basin, Hai He floods cause a significant loss. To alleviate flooding, reservoirs have been built and artificial channels dug to divert excess water directly into the sea. For example, the Chaobai River is diverted to the Chaobai Xin River and no longer joins with the Northern Canal. Due to industrial and urban development in the Hai He Basin, the volume of water flow has greatly decreased. Many smaller tributaries and some of

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228-475: The Yellow River, the Hai is exceedingly muddy because of the powdery soil through which it flows. The silt carried by the water deposits in the lower reaches, sometimes causing flooding. The waters from the five major tributaries only have one shallow outlet to the sea, which makes such floods stronger. Because China's capital (and second largest city), Beijing, and the third largest city, Tianjin, both lie in

247-705: The crooked river was difficult for large vessels. During the Boxer Rebellion , Imperial Chinese forces deployed a weapon called "electric mines " on June 15, at the Baihe river before the Battle of Taku Forts (1900) , to prevent the western Eight-Nation Alliance from sending ships to attack. This was reported by American military intelligence in the United States. War Dept. by the United States. Adjutant-General's Office. Military Information Division. Like

266-592: The earliest historical records, the river originally flowed northeast from Babaoshan toward what is now the Purple Bamboo Park in Haidian District and into Wenyu River . In the Western Han dynasty , the river flowed south from Deshengmen through what is now downtown Beijing, including Qianmen and Hongqiao and Longtan Lake , before leaving to the southeast. At that time, the city

285-542: The major tributaries are dry for most of the year. With reduced water flow, water pollution worsens. The water shortage in the Hai He basin is expected to be alleviated by the South-North Water Transfer Project . 38°57′N 117°43′E  /  38.950°N 117.717°E  / 38.950; 117.717 Yongding River The Yongding River ( Chinese : 永定河 ; pinyin : Yǒngdìng Hé ; Wade–Giles : Yungting Ho )

304-471: The richest in China, fed by enormous sediment runoff and extensive shallows to serve as hatcheries . Pollution, eutrophication , habitat destruction caused by land reclamation, and intense overfishing have resulted in a collapse of stocks, and a decline of trawl catch per unit of effort (CPUE) from 138.8 kg/net.hr to 11.2 kg/net.hr from 1959 to 1998. The Bohai Bay is ringed by several major ports:

323-665: Was irregular. When the Kangxi Emperor reigned, he enacted various hydraulic engineering projects in the region to rein in the seasonal flooding. After those projects, the river was renamed to its modern name, which means "ever-fixed river". The Yongding River is 650 kilometers (400 mi) in length and drains an area of 47,016 square kilometers (18,153 sq mi). It emerges from the Guancen Mountains (管涔山) in Ningwu County , Shanxi Province , where it

342-589: Was renamed as Zhígǔ River (直沽河, lit. “Straight Gu River") and Dàgǚ River (大沽河, lit. “Great Gu River") respectively. The name Hai River first appeared towards the end of the Ming dynasty . The Hai River at Tianjin is formed by the confluence of five watercourses: the Southern Canal , Ziya River , Daqing River , Yongding River , and the Northern Canal . The southern and northern canals are parts of

361-771: Was southwest of today's city center. In the Liao dynasty , the river moved southwest to its present course, and the Lugou Bridge was built over it in 1189. When Marco Polo visited the city during the Yuan dynasty , he crossed the Yongding River on the Lugou Bridge, which became known as the Marco Polo Bridge . The river has been known colloquially as the Wuding River or the "River of Instability." In 1698,

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