88-479: The Boldons is an area made up of the three villages of East Boldon , West Boldon and Boldon Colliery in South Tyneside in the county of Tyne and Wear , England. In 2001 they had a population of 13,271. Lying within the historic boundaries of County Durham , the villages are first recorded in print in 1170. Their names evolved from the words "Bold" or "Botl", meaning a building, and " dun ", meaning
176-528: A guinea , bang goes a penny-halfpenny, and down comes a half a crown " reflects the expensive sport of 19th century driven shoots in Britain, when pheasants were often shot for sport, rather than as food. It was a popular royal pastime in Britain to shoot common pheasants. King George V shot over 1,000 pheasants out of a total bag of 3,937 over a six-day period in December 1913 during a competition with
264-575: A bird in the pheasant family ( Phasianidae ). The genus name comes from Latin phasianus , "pheasant". The species name colchicus is Latin for "of Colchis " (modern day Georgia ), a country on the Black Sea where pheasants became known to Europeans. Although Phasianus was previously thought to be closely related to the genus Gallus , the genus of junglefowl and domesticated chickens , recent studies show that they are in different subfamilies, having diverged over 20 million years ago. It
352-735: A continuous range in Turkey from the Sea of Marmara on the edge of the Balkans, across the northern shore of the country till Caucasus. The last remnants of the Balkan population survive in the Kotza-Orman riparian forest of Nestos, in Greece with an estimated population of 100–200 adult birds. In Bulgaria they were lost in the 1970s because they hybridised with introduced eastern subspecies. Besides
440-486: A fairly sizeable Arab community in South Shields since the 1890s. This is also one hypothesised explanation of the term " Sandancer " (derived from "sand dancer") for people born and brought up in South Shields. South Tyneside Council is formed of 54 members. As of June 2024 this consists of 28 Labour councillors, 11 Green councillors, and 15 independent councillors. Jonathan Tew has been Chief Executive of
528-681: A friend; however, he did not do enough to beat him. Common pheasants are traditionally a target of small game poachers in the UK. The Roald Dahl novel Danny the Champion of the World featured a poacher (and his son) who lived in the UK and illegally hunted common pheasants. Pheasant farming is a common practice and is sometimes done intensively . Birds are supplied both to hunting preserves/estates and restaurants, with smaller numbers being available for home cooks. The carcasses were often hung for
616-516: A harem of several females. Common pheasants produce a clutch of around 8–15 eggs, sometimes as many as 18, but usually 10 to 12; they are pale olive in colour, and laid over a 2–3 week period in April to June. The incubation period is about 22–27 days. The chicks stay near the hen for several weeks, yet leave the nest when only a few hours old. After hatching they grow quickly, flying after 12–14 days, resembling adults by only 15 weeks of age. They eat
704-505: A high proportion of foreign eggs, lower hatching rates, and lower numbers of eggs laid by the host species. Pheasant eggs also have a shorter incubation time than many of their nestmates, which may result in the individual watching over the nest to abandon her own eggs after the pheasants hatch, thinking that the remaining eggs are not viable. Pheasants raised in other species' nests often imprint on their caretaker, which may result in them adopting atypical behaviour for their species. This
792-511: A shorter tail than the common pheasant and have darker plumage that is uniformly bottle-green on the breast and belly; they always lack a neck ring. Green pheasant females are darker, with many black dots on the breast and belly. In addition, various colour mutations are commonly encountered, mainly melanistic (black) and flavistic ( isabelline or fawn ) specimens. The former are rather common in some areas and are named Tenebrosus pheasant ( P. colchicus var. tenebrosus ). This species
880-423: A tail of around 20 cm (8 in). Juvenile birds have the appearance of the female with a shorter tail until young males begin to grow characteristic bright feathers on the breast, head and back at about 10 weeks after hatching. The green pheasant ( P. versicolor ) is very similar, and hybridisation often makes the identity of individual birds difficult to determine. Green pheasant males on average have
968-406: A type of hillfort . In 1866, work began sinking a pit that began producing coal in 1869, and was then known as Boldon New Winning. The village that developed nearby in the 1870s became known as Boldon Colliery. When the mine was deepened and extended in the 1910s, further housing to accommodate the workforce was built to the south of the pit in an area known as Boldon New Town. Until 1974 the area
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#17327808698561056-539: A wide array of bird life and a large population of common frogs . West Boldon Lodge, constructed by the National Grid , is situated amongst a range of habitats, including wetland, grassland and woodland. Locally rare orchids are present at one site. The River Don traverses Boldon and is the last stronghold of water voles in South Tyneside. Brockley Whins and East Boldon are neighbouring stops on
1144-489: A wide variety of animal and vegetable type-food, like fruit, seeds, grain, mast, berries and leaves as well as a wide range of invertebrates , such as leatherjackets , ant eggs, wireworms , caterpillars , grasshoppers and other insects; with small vertebrates like lizards, field voles, small mammals and small birds occasionally taken. Southern Caucasian pheasants ( P. c. colchicus ) were common in Greece during
1232-520: Is a Grade I listed building ; much of the stonework dates from the thirteenth century, but the foundation of the building dates from the Saxon period . The area includes a wide range of housing styles, from Edwardian villas to Victorian terraces, post-war housing to more recent smaller-scale developments. The first street built in Boldon Colliery was Cross Row (also known as Sinkers Row ) which
1320-514: Is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of South Tyneside. Common pheasant Phasianus phasis The common pheasant ( Phasianus colchicus ), ring-necked pheasant , or blue-headed pheasant ,
1408-478: Is an athletics track at Monkton and cricket grounds at Westoe and Whitburn. The physical environment of South Tyneside varies greatly in a small area: from the bustling riverside towns of South Shields, Jarrow and Hebburn to the urban fringe villages of Boldon, Cleadon and Whitburn; from established industrial areas at the Port of Tyne and Tyne Dock riverside to new business parks at Monkton, St Hilda's and Boldon; from
1496-500: Is commercially bred. Ring-necked pheasants in particular are commonly bred and were introduced to many parts of the world; the game farm stock, though no distinct breeds have been developed yet, can be considered semi- domesticated . The ring-necked pheasant is the state bird of South Dakota , one of only two US state birds that is not a species native to the United States. The green pheasant ( P. versicolor ) of Japan
1584-421: Is common in pheasants because of their propensity to nest near other birds and the fact that nesting requirements are similar to those of other prairie birds and waterfowl that inhabit the same areas. This phenomenon has been observed in grey partridges ; prairie chickens ; several types of duck , rail, grouse , turkeys , and others. Effects of nest parasitism may include abandonment of nests with
1672-462: Is efficient in waste management. There is also a local authority-managed wind turbine at Middlefields. The weather in South Tyneside as with the rest of the North East region is variable and typical of a Maritime Climate . In 2019, South Tyneside Council declared a Climate Emergency . The motion was proposed by South Tyneside Green Party councillor David Francis , and amended by Labour ,
1760-627: Is famed throughout the region for its Indian, Italian, Middle Eastern and Chinese cuisine. Mill Dam, with former Customs House (now a theatre, cinema and arts complex), cobbled lanes and Mission to Seafarers centre, relate to the history of shipping in the town and the River Tyne. Bede's World in Jarrow ( Old English : Gyrwe ) is dedicated to the life of the Venerable Bede , the 'Father of English History'. The nominated World Heritage Site
1848-529: Is far away from the known distribution of subspecies hagenbecki , and the issue needs further clarification. Common pheasants are native to Asia and parts of Europe, their original range extending from the Balkans (where the last truly wild birds survive around Nestos river in Greece ), the Black and Caspian Seas to Manchuria , Siberia , Korea , Mainland China, and Taiwan . The birds are found in woodland, farmland, scrub, and wetlands. In its natural habitat
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#17327808698561936-584: Is native to Asia and parts of Europe like the northern foothills of the Caucasus and the Balkans. It has been widely introduced elsewhere as a game bird . In parts of its range, namely in places where none of its relatives occur such as in Europe, where it is naturalised, it is simply known as the " pheasant ". Ring-necked pheasant is both the name used for the species as a whole in North America and also
2024-456: Is only 43–61 km/h (23–33 kn) when cruising but when chased they can fly up to 90 km/h (49 kn). Common pheasants nest solely on the ground in scrapes, lined with some grass and leaves, frequently under dense cover or a hedge. Occasionally they will nest in a haystack, or old nest left by other bird. They roost in sheltered trees at night. The males are polygynous as is typical for many Phasianidae, and are often accompanied by
2112-416: Is sometimes considered a subspecies of the common pheasant. Though the species produce fertile hybrids wherever they coexist, this is simply a typical feature among fowl (Galloanseres), in which postzygotic isolating mechanisms are slight compared to most other birds. The species apparently have somewhat different ecological requirements and at least in its typical habitat, the green pheasant outcompetes
2200-561: Is sometimes the cause of hybridisation of species as pheasants adopt the mating behaviour of their nest's host species. Pheasants often compete with other native birds for resources. Studies have shown that they can lead to decreased populations of bobwhites and partridges due to habitat and food competition. Insects are a valuable food source for both pheasants and partridges and competition may lead to decreased populations of partridges. Pheasants may also introduce disease, such as blackhead , to native populations. While pheasants tolerate
2288-601: Is straddled by two rivers – the Tyne and the Don. There is a medieval monastery (St. Paul's Church, AD 681), an Anglo-Saxon farm with rare-breed animals and buildings constructed in original materials from that period, and the Georgian Jarrow Hall. The Jarrow Crusade of 1936 was a key event in the town's history and the original banner carried by the marchers to London can be viewed at Jarrow Town Hall . There has been
2376-541: Is such a familiar bird in China that it is usually just referred to as shan ji (山雞), "mountain chicken", a Chinese term for pheasants in general. As of 2005, it had the smallest known genome of all living amniotes , only 0.97 pg (970 million base pairs ), roughly one-third of the human genome's size; however, the black-chinned hummingbird is now currently held to have the smallest. There are about 30 subspecies in five to eight groups. These can be identified by
2464-561: Is very popular in much of the US, especially in the Great Plains states, where a mix of farmland and native grasslands provides ideal habitat. South Dakota alone has an annual harvest of over 1 million birds a year by over 200,000 hunters. There are a number of negative effects of common pheasants on other game birds, including: nest parasitism , disease, aggression, and competition for resources. Nest parasitism, or brood parasitism ,
2552-472: Is white or cream and black-barred markings are common on the tail. The head is bottle green with a small crest and distinctive red wattle . P. c. colchicus and some other races lack a white neck ring. Behind the face are two ear-tufts, that make the pheasant more alert. The female (hen) and juveniles are much less showy , with a duller mottled brown plumage all over and measuring 50–63 cm ( 19 + 1 ⁄ 2 –25 in) long including
2640-504: The Ancient Greeks . These birds, until the modern era , constituted the bulk of the introduced stock in parts of Europe that was not already present; the birds described by Linnaeus's sources, though typically belonging to such early introductions, would certainly have more alleles in common with the transcaucasian population than with others. The scientific name is Latin for "pheasant from Colchis ", colchicus referring to
2728-654: The Commonwealth , notably the Indian sub-continent, and the European Union reflect the present-day culture of South Tyneside. In South Shields ( Latin : Arbeia , Brythonic : Caer Urfa ), excavations and a reconstructed fort are found at Arbeia (AD 160). This fort served as a garrison and an outpost of the Roman Empire, and is part of Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site. The hospitality strip at Ocean Road
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2816-492: The Hawaiian Islands , Chile , Uruguay , Peru , Argentina , Brazil , South Africa , New Zealand , and Australia including the island state of Tasmania and small offshore islands such as Rottnest Island off Western Australia. Most common pheasants bagged in the United States are wild-born feral pheasants. In some states captive-reared and released birds make up much of the population. Pheasant hunting
2904-725: The Jarrow constituency , which also includes Jarrow , Hebburn and parts of east Gateshead . The local MP is Kate Osborne of the Labour Party, who succeeded the previous Labour incumbent. In the earlier part of the 20th century, a famous son of the community was the Labour politician Jack Lawson . He represented Chester-le-Street in County Durham as an MP and was later elevated to the House of Lords . The Boldons form part of
2992-612: The Ornithologia of Ulisse Aldrovandi , Giovanni Pietro Olina 's Uccelliera , John Ray 's Synopsis methodica Avium & Piscium , and A Natural History of the Birds by Eleazar Albin . Therein—essentially the bulk of the ornithology textbooks of his day—the species is simply named "the pheasant" in the books' respective languages. Whereas in other species, such as the eastern meadowlark ( Sturnella magna ), Linnaeus felt it warranted to cite plumage details from his sources, in
3080-773: The Rocky Mountain states ( Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Wyoming , etc.), the Midwest , the Plains states, as well as Canada and Mexico . In the southwest, they can even be seen south of the Rockies in Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge 161 km (100 mi) south of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is now most common on the Great Plains . Common pheasants have also been introduced to much of northwest Europe,
3168-575: The Tyne and Wear Metro system. The Green line serves stations between South Hylton , Sunderland , Gateshead , Newcastle Central and Newcastle Airport . The nearest National Rail stations are at Heworth and Sunderland , which are stops on the Durham Coast Line between Newcastle , Hartlepool and Middlesbrough ; services are operated by Northern Trains . Bus services are provided predominantly by Stagecoach North East ; routes link
3256-605: The grouse , partridges , junglefowls and perhaps peafowls that inhabited Europe at that time. At least since the Roman Empire , the bird was extensively introduced in many places and has become a naturalized member at least of the European fauna . Introductions in the Southern Hemisphere have mostly failed, except where local Galliformes or their ecological equivalents are rare or absent. The bird
3344-412: The nominate subspecies Phasianus colchicus colchicus is 60–89 cm ( 23 + 1 ⁄ 2 –35 in) in length with a long brown streaked black tail, accounting for almost 50 cm (20 in) of the total length. The body plumage is barred bright gold or fiery copper-red and chestnut-brown plumage with iridescent sheen of green and purple; but rump uniform is sometimes blue. The wing coverage
3432-504: The strauchi/vlangalii -group, with the degree of expression of white collar and superciliary stripe in both cases decreasing from north to south. The isolated form hagenbecki is very close to pallasi in phenotype, and has been traditionally treated within the torquatus -group until recently, when it was assigned in one study to the strauchi/vlangalii group. However, the origin of the corresponding feather samples as listed in GenBank
3520-501: The 'white neck-ringed' variety in the 18th century. It was rediscovered as a game bird in the 1830s after being ignored for many years in an amalgam of forms. Since then it has been reared extensively by gamekeepers and was shot in season from 1 October to 31 January. Pheasants are well adapted to the British climate and breed naturally in the wild without human supervision in copses, heaths and commons. By 1950 pheasants bred throughout
3608-546: The 2011 Census as 148,127. It is bordered to the east by the North Sea and to the north by the River Tyne . A Green Belt of 9.13 sq mi (23.6 km ) is at its southern boundary. The main administrative centre and largest town is South Shields . Other riverside towns are Jarrow and Hebburn, while the villages of Cleadon , Whitburn and The Boldons border the South Tyneside green belt, with Wearside to
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3696-640: The Balkans the species lives in Europe in the area north of Caucasus where the local subspecies P.c.septentrionalis survives pure around the lower reaches of the Samur River. Reintroduction efforts in the rest of the north Caucasian range may include hybrid birds. Common pheasants can now be found across the globe due to their readiness to breed in captivity and the fact they can naturalise in many climates, but were known to be introduced in Europe, North America, Japan and New Zealand . Pheasants were hunted in their natural range by Stone Age humans just like
3784-637: The British Isles, although they were scarce in Ireland . Because around 30,000,000 pheasants are released each year on shooting estates, mainly in the Midlands and South of England, it is widespread in distribution, although most released birds survive less than a year in the wild. The Bohemian was most likely seen in North Norfolk . The Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust is researching
3872-505: The Grade I listed old town hall, a new library and exhibition space called The Word, the head post office, museum and art gallery, a new bus/Metro interchange opened in 2019, cross-river pedestrian ferry to North Shields, Harton Quays office development and promenade, the town hall and civic offices. The Customs House is located within the historic Mill Dam conservation area and hosts a theatre, cinema, art gallery and restaurant. Arbeia formed
3960-757: The PTA. The village has its own community Facebook page and the Friends of East Boldon Parks hold annual community events such as party in the park and Halloween trails etc. The East Boldon Scouts is one of the largest in the UK with over 200 attendees. House prices are higher than national average due to gentrification. Despite the relatively small geographical area, there are a significant number of older buildings considered as being of architectural merit including churches, public houses and former country houses, as well as modern additions. St. Nicholas' Church in West Boldon
4048-537: The UK, where they are shot on the traditional formal "driven shoot" principles, whereby paying guns have birds driven over them by beaters, and on smaller "rough shoots". The open season in the UK is 1 October – 1 February, under the Game Act 1831 ( 1 & 2 Will. 4 . c. 32). Generally they are shot by hunters employing gun dogs to help find, flush and retrieve shot birds. Retrievers , spaniels and pointing breeds are used to hunt pheasants. The doggerel "Up gets
4136-629: The United Kingdom, about 50 million pheasants reared in captivity are now released each summer, a number which has significantly increased since the 1980s. Most of these birds are shot during the open season (1 October to 1 February), and few survive for a year. The result is a wildly fluctuating population, from 50 million in July to less than 5 million in June. Common pheasants are bred to be hunted and are shot in great numbers in Europe, especially
4224-733: The United States over the last 30 years, largely in agricultural areas. This is likely due to changes in farming practices, application of pesticides , habitat fragmentation , and increased predation due to changes in crops grown. Many crops beneficial for pheasants (such as barley ) are not being farmed as much in favor of using the land for more lucrative crops, such as nut trees. Many of these new crops are detrimental to pheasant survival. Pheasants prefer to nest in areas of significant herbaceous cover, such as perennial grasses, so many agricultural areas are not conducive to nesting anymore. Pheasant hens also experience higher levels of predation in areas without patches of grassland. In
4312-804: The Villa to Charlton in 1935 and was a colleague of Bartram's in their 1947 FA Cup winning team. A Sam Bartram Memorial Cup competition was introduced at Boldon in February 2008 aimed at inspiring current footballing youngsters in the Boldon area. Other notable sportsmen from Boldon are cricketers Simon Brown and current England rugby youth player Robert Bell, Darlington striker Shaun Reay and Spennymoor Town midfielder Jamie Chandler . There are private tennis and golf clubs at Dipe Lane as well as other pursuits on offer within local schools, community centres and parks. The Jarrow Roofing Boldon Community Association F.C.
4400-428: The amendment was successful and South Tyneside Council is expected to reach net-zero by 2030. The A194(M) , A19 and other trunk roads link South Tyneside to the national road network. The Tyne & Wear Metro is a light rail system connecting the area with the rest of the Tyne & Wear conurbation, including Sunderland and Newcastle station and Newcastle Airport . The Tyne Road and Pedestrian Tunnels traverse
4488-551: The area is Boldon School , a specialist sports college. East Boldon and Cleadon was previously the only ward in South Tyneside to elect three Conservative councillors. However, in the 2011 local elections , Labour candidate Joan Atkinson unseated the sitting Conservative councillor, reducing the number of Conservatives on South Tyneside Council to one. Boldon Colliery usually elects three Labour councillors. As of March 2021, these two wards have five Labour councillors and one Independent Conservative. The Boldons are within
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#17327808698564576-567: The area to South Shields, Cleadon, Heworth, Gateshead and Newcastle. Boldon has produced many notable sports personalities, among them former Newcastle United footballer Wes Saunders . Charlton Athletic goalkeeper Sam Bartram , their record appearance holder, who played 800 games for the London club, was signed from Boldon Villa in September 1934 and played in four successive Wembley cup finals from 1944 to 1947. Full back Jack Shreeve moved from
4664-694: The area's natural environment has been restored. Jarrow is home to St. Paul's Monastery , Bede's World museum , Jarrow Hall , the Viking Shopping Centre and the J. Barbour and Sons headquarters and factory outlet. Hebburn riverside has open views of the renewable and offshore-related industries across-river at Wallsend . The town centre has undergone redevelopment with new residential building and civic and leisure facilities. The suburban villages of Cleadon, East and West Boldon , Harton, Monkton, Westoe and Whitburn have traditional pubs, historic buildings and independent boutiques. There
4752-556: The authority since 2021. Shipbuilding and repairing, coal mining and exports, and the chemical industries declined from the latter half of the 20th century, resulting in mass unemployment. In more recent years, however, this trend has reversed and South Tyneside attracts new industries, most notably in the service sector. There is still a considerable manufacturing base of ship-repair and offshore services, engineering, electronics, clothing, furniture, paper products, timber and small precision engineering. At one time, Tyneside built 25% of
4840-610: The breeding success of reared pheasants and trying to find ways to improve this breeding success to reduce the demand to release as many reared pheasants and increase the wild population. As the original Caucasian stock all but disappeared during the Early Modern era, most 'dark-winged ringless' birds in the UK are actually descended from 'Chinese ring-necked' and 'green pheasant' hybrids, which were commonly used for rewilding. Common pheasants were introduced in North America in 1773, and have become well established throughout much of
4928-564: The classical period and it is a widespread myth that the Greeks took pheasants to the Balkans when they colonised Colchis in the Caucasus . This colonization happened during the 6th century BC, but pheasant archaeological remains in the Balkans are much older dating to 6th millennium BC. This fact indicates that probably pheasants reached the area naturally. Additionally it seems that they had
5016-431: The coast road to Whitburn is Marsden Rock – an impressive limestone sea stack colonised by sea birds and a longstanding tourist attraction. Further down the coast is Souter Lighthouse, the first in the world to be powered by electric current. Much of the coastal scenery in this area was, until two decades ago, dominated by the spoil heaps and pit head winding gear of Westoe and Whitburn collieries, but these are now gone and
5104-401: The collective name for a number of subspecies and their intergrades that have white neck rings. It is a well-known gamebird , among those of more than regional importance perhaps the most widespread and ancient one in the whole world. The common pheasant is one of the world's most hunted birds; it has been introduced for that purpose to many regions, and is also common on game farms where it
5192-399: The common pheasant lives in grassland near water with small copses of trees. Extensively cleared farmland is marginal habitat that cannot maintain self-sustaining populations for long. Common pheasants are gregarious birds and outside the breeding season form loose flocks. However, captive bred common pheasants can show strong sexual segregation, in space and time, with sex differences in
5280-671: The common pheasant's case he simply referred to the reason of the bird's fame: principum mensis dicatur . The type locality is given simply as "Africa, Asia". However, the bird does not occur in Africa, except perhaps in Linnaeus's time in Mediterranean coastal areas where they might have been introduced during the Roman Empire . The type locality was later fixed to the Rioni River in western Georgia – known as Phasis to
5368-401: The common pheasant. The introduction of the latter to Japan has therefore largely failed. There are many colour forms of the male common pheasant, ranging in colour from nearly white to almost black in some melanistic examples. These are due to captive breeding and hybridisation between subspecies and with the green pheasant, reinforced by continual releases of stock from varying sources to
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#17327808698565456-623: The delta of the river Nestos , where in 2012 the population was estimated 100–250 individuals. The subspecies groups, going from west to east, and some notable subspecies are: Within a maximum clade credibility mDNA gene tree, the most basal group is the elegans -group of the Eastern Clade, diverging from the green pheasant during the Calabrian , and diversifying in Middle Pleistocene around 0.7 million years ago, with
5544-495: The easternmost extremity of the Roman Empire at Hadrian's Wall and is located at the mouth of the River Tyne on the North Sea coast. Excavations, a reconstructed fort and museum are open to the public on the historic Lawe Top site (Old English: hill top). The Great North Run is the world's biggest half marathon and takes place every September/October, starting in Newcastle and finishing on The Leas at South Shields. On
5632-456: The genetic relationships of subspecies revealed that the earliest subspecies is likely to have been elegans , suggesting that the common pheasant originated from the forests of southeastern China. Initial divergence is thought to have occurred around 3.4 Mya. The lack of agreement between morphology-based subspecies delimitation and their genetic relationships is thought to be attributed to past isolation followed by more recent population mixing as
5720-527: The groups of the Western Clade splitting off from those of the Eastern Clade about 0.59 million years ago. While the subspecies of the Western Clade are well geographically separated from each other, the subspecies of the Eastern Clade often show clinal variation and large areas of intergradation . For example, clines connect pallasi-karpowi-torquatus-takatsukasae within the torquatus -group and kiangsuensis-alaschanicus-sohokhotensis-strauchi within
5808-469: The highest point at Cleadon Hills down to the River Don estuary at St Paul's and Bede's World; from traditional Victorian terraces and impressive Edwardian mansions to typical inter- and post-war suburban housing; from the remains and reconstructed gatehouse of Arbeia Roman Fort to the UK's first purpose built mosque at Laygate; from the great River Tyne to the expanse of Shields Harbour at Littlehaven; from
5896-434: The infection well, other birds such as ruffed grouse , chukar , and grey partridge are highly susceptible. Pheasants also have a tendency to harass or kill other birds. One study noted that in pheasant vs. prairie chicken interactions, the pheasants were victorious 78% of the time. A variety of management strategies have been suggested for areas that are home to species that are particularly threatened by pheasants, such as
5984-576: The latter was not known to Linnaeus in 1758, the common pheasant is naturally the type species of Phasianus . In the US, common pheasants are widely known as "ring-necked pheasants". More colloquial North American names include "chinks" or, in Montana , "phezzens" . In China, meanwhile, the species is properly called zhi ji ( 雉鸡 )—"pheasant-fowl"—essentially implying the same as the English name "common pheasant". Like elsewhere, P. colchicus
6072-438: The local community and provides a habitat for animals such as pheasants , squirrels , woodpeckers and otters . Colliery Wood provides six new paths, which are also suitable for cycling and link to East Boldon, and Brockley Whins and Whiteleas in nearby South Shields. Boldon Flats is another site important for nature conservation, which contains an area of damp pasture. The flats are flooded from each October to March, attracting
6160-496: The male plumage, namely presence or absence of a white neck-ring and/or a white superciliary stripe , the colour of the uppertail (rump) and wing coverts , and the colour of crown, chest, upper back, and flank feathers. As noted above, introduced populations have mixed the alleles of various races by various amounts, differing according to the original stock used for introductions and what natural selection according to climate and habitat has made of that. An investigation into
6248-424: The pheasant has expanded its range across the western Palaearctic. Sometimes this species is split into the Central Asian common and the East Asian ring-necked pheasants, roughly separated by the arid and high mountainous regions of Turkestan . However, while the western and eastern populations probably were entirely separate during the Zyryanka glaciation when deserts were more extensive, this separation
6336-409: The prairie chickens and gray partridge. These strategies include mowing grass to decrease the nesting cover preferred by pheasants, decreasing pheasant roosting habitat, shooting pheasants in organized hunts, trapping and removing them from areas where there are high concentrations of birds of threatened species, and others. While pheasant populations are not in any danger, they have been decreasing in
6424-701: The river between Jarrow and Howdon. A pedestrian ferry also serves the towns of North and South Shields. The Port of Tyne situated at Tyne Dock is a growing terminal handling large volumes of freight, including exports from the Nissan car plant in Washington. Well-known South Tynesiders include author Dame Catherine Cookson , former three times Prime Minister of New Zealand Sir William Fox , actress Dame Flora Robson , Monty Python actor Eric Idle , Hollywood director Ridley Scott , waxed jacket inventor J Barbour and athlete Steve Cram . Author Lewis Carroll
6512-464: The south at Sunderland. South Tyneside is represented by two Members of Parliament in two constituencies : South Shields (including Whitburn) and Jarrow and Gateshead East (which also serves Hebburn, the urban fringe villages, and the eastern parts of Gateshead). Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Vikings, the early 20th century arrival of the Arabs and more recently the settling of people from
6600-471: The stunning natural coastline of The Leas and the sandy beaches, bays and limestone cliffs at Marsden Bay and Whitburn to the traditional seaside parks, amusements and funfair at South Shields seafront; and from Marsden Quarry to the Great North Forest. The EcoCentre at Hebburn is a building constructed from recycled materials, self-reliant in power generation by means of its own wind turbine and
6688-669: The suburban fringe of South Tyneside and are completely surrounded by green belt. There are conservation areas within the historic village centres of East and West Boldon. East Boldon is considered the more affluent sought after area of the Boldons. With a reputation competing with nearby Cleadon , East Boldon attracts a young professional family market and residents to this day have created a very much desired family, village environment. The three schools are very much sought after, they provide nursery, infants (East Boldon Infant School) and juniors (East Boldon Junior School), who work together via
6776-497: The use of feeding stations throughout the day. Wherever they are hunted they are always timid once they associate humans with danger, and will quickly retreat for safety after hearing the arrival of hunting parties in the area. While common pheasants are able short-distance fliers, they prefer to run. If startled however, they can suddenly burst upwards at great speed, with a distinctive "whirring" wing sound and often giving kok kok kok calls to alert conspecifics . Their flight speed
6864-478: The west of modern-day Georgia ; the Ancient Greek term corresponding to the English "pheasant" is Phasianos ornis (Φασιανὸς ὂρνις), "bird of the river Phasis". Although Linnaeus included many Galliformes in his genus Phasianius —such as the domestic chicken and its wild ancestor the red junglefowl , nowadays Gallus gallus —today only the common and the green pheasant are placed in this genus. As
6952-453: The wild. For example, the "ring-necked pheasants" common in Europe, North America and Australia do not pertain to any specific taxon , they rather represent a stereotyped hybrid swarm. Body weight can range from 0.5 to 3 kg (1 to 7 lb), with males averaging 1.2 kg (2 lb 10 oz) and females averaging 0.9 kg (2 lb 0 oz). Wingspan ranges from 56–86 cm (22–34 in). The adult male common pheasant of
7040-410: The world's ships. South Tyneside College specialises in maritime training and attracts students from around the world. Tourism is also an important and growing industry. South Shields town centre and riverside are undergoing significant regeneration, with new housing, business, retail and leisure uses replacing old industrial sites. The town centre offers high street shopping, a regular market by
7128-627: Was administered as an urban district of County Durham , but since then has been part of the borough of South Tyneside . In 1976, the Boldon Colliery Band appeared in episode 13 of the television series When the Boat Comes In . The mine closed in 1982 but more jobs became available when an Asda supermarket opened in 1987. Recent developments include Boldon Business Park. Boldon Colliery also has its own multi-screen cinema operated by Cineworld . The main secondary school in
7216-405: Was constructed to house the men who were initially employed to sink the shaft. Several years later, other major housing projects were started and terraced housing such as that at Arnold Street and Charles Street were built. After the colliery was closed, the former industrial land lay derelict for many years. In 2000, Colliery Wood was created with over 2,500 trees planted. The wood is popular with
7304-476: Was first scientifically described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae under its current scientific name. The common pheasant is distinct enough from any other species known to Linnaeus for a laconic [Phasianus] rufus, capîte caeruleo – "a red pheasant with blue head" – to serve as entirely sufficient description. Moreover, the bird had been extensively discussed before Linnaeus established binomial nomenclature . His sources are
7392-543: Was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the County Borough of South Shields with the municipal borough of Jarrow and the urban districts of Boldon and Hebburn from County Durham . Part of the Tyneside conurbation , the sixth largest in the United Kingdom, South Tyneside has a geographical area of 24.88 sq mi (64.4 km ) and an estimated population of 153,700 (mid-year 2010), measured at
7480-451: Was founded in 1987 and played at The Boldon C.A. Sports Ground. South Tyneside South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear , England. It is bordered by all four other boroughs in Tyne and Wear: Gateshead to the west, Sunderland in the south, North Tyneside to the north and Newcastle upon Tyne to the north-west. The border county of Northumberland lies further north. The borough
7568-696: Was inspired to write ' Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ' and ' Through the Looking-Glass ' by local residents he met when staying in Whitburn . Singer Joe McElderry who won the 2009 X Factor also comes from the area as well as two members of 2011 X Factor winners Little Mix , Jade Thirlwall and Perrie Edwards . South Tyneside is twinned with Épinay-sur-Seine , France ; Noisy-le-Sec , France; and Wuppertal , Germany Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there
7656-649: Was naturalized in Great Britain around AD 1059, but may have been introduced by the Romano-British centuries earlier. It was the Caucasian subspecies mistakenly known as the 'Old English pheasant' rather than the Chinese ring-necked pheasants ( torquatus ) that were introduced to Britain. But it became extirpated from most of the isles in the early 17th century. There were further re-introductions of
7744-462: Was not long enough for actual speciation to occur. Today, the largest variety of colour patterns is found where the western and eastern populations mix, as is to be expected. Females usually cannot be identified even to subspecies group with certainty. Many subspecies are in danger of disappearing due to hybridisation with introduced birds. The last indigenous black-necked pheasant ( P. c. colchicus ) population in Europe survives in Greece in
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