40-411: Bombay State was a large Indian state created in 1950 from the erstwhile Bombay Presidency , with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. Bombay Presidency (roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra , excluding Marathwada ) and Vidarbha ) was merged with the princely states of Baroda, Western India and Gujarat (the present-day Indian state of Gujarat ) and
80-755: A bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. In the 1957 elections, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra. Bombay State was finally dissolved with the formation of Maharashtra and Gujarat states on 1 May 1960. Following protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement , in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State
120-623: A bilingual state. It was further enlarged by adding Saurashtra State and Kutch State , the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh , and the Marathawada region of Hyderabad. The southernmost districts of Bombay State were included in Mysore State. So, it had a Gujarati-speaking population in the north and a Marathi-speaking population in the southern parts. Both Gujarati and Marathi people opposed
160-498: A committee for examination and agitate on negligence by the government. The committee reported that Dang is more related to Gujarat. By 1952, the demand for a separate Telugu-majority Andhra State had started in Madras State. Potti Sreeramulu , one of the activists demanding Andhra State, died on 16 December 1952 after undertaking a fast-unto-death. Subsequently, Andhra State was formed in 1953. This sparked agitations all over
200-464: A sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu -speaking northern districts of Madras State . The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry , comprising
240-412: A total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions . The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government . The governing powers of the states are shared between the state government and the union government . On the other hand, the union territories are directly governed by
280-633: Is not in the larger interests of the Indian nation". The Mahagujarat conference was held in 1948 to include all Gujarati-speaking people under one administration, finally forming Gujarat. According to the autobiography of Indulal Yagnik , Bombay State Chief Minister B. G. Kher and the then-home minister Morarji Desai visited Dang in May 1949. B. G. Kher stated that tribal people of Dang spoke Marathi and focus should be on that. Indulal Yagnik and others visited Dang to examine this. Gujarati Sabha also sent
320-641: The British Raj , portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Bombay Presidency . After Indian independence in 1947 and when India was partitioned , Bombay Presidency remained part of India, while Sind province became part of Pakistan . The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State when India became a republic in 1950. It included princely states such as Kolhapur in Deccan, and Baroda and
360-803: The Crown Colony of Burma . In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Chamber of Princes and the Union of India was consequently established from 9 former Indian provinces ( East Punjab , United Provinces , Central Provinces , Madras , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal and Assam ) and 562 former Indian states. Between 1947 and 1950,
400-742: The Dangs in Gujarat, which had former parts of Deccan States Agency and Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency . As a result of the States Reorganisation Act on 1 November 1956, the Kannada -speaking districts of Belgaum (except Chandgad taluka ), Bijapur , Dharwar , and North Canara were transferred from Bombay State to Mysore State . but the State of Bombay was significantly enlarged, expanding eastward to incorporate
440-649: The Deccan States (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka ). On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the States Reorganisation Act on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the Saurashtra and Kutch States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of Gujarat , with Gujarati speaking population and Maharashtra , with Marathi speaking population . During
SECTION 10
#1732772279386480-639: The Marathi -speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad State , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region of southern Madhya Pradesh , and Gujarati -speaking Saurashtra and Kutch states. The Bombay state was being referred to by the local inhabitants as "Maha Dwibhashi Rajya", meaning, "the great bilingual state". In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of Jawaharlal Nehru , recommended
520-576: The Samyukta Maharashtra Movement , demanding a separate Marathi state. Morarji Desai, then the Chief Minister of Bombay State, was against it. On 8 August 1956, some college students of Ahmedabad went to the local Congress House near Lal Darwaza to demand a separate state. Morarji Desai did not listen to them, and police repression resulted in the death of five to eight students. It triggered massive protests across
560-471: The Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of the defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra
600-474: The Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , effective from 26 January 2020. Ladakh UT The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between
640-491: The Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu 's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu . In November 2000, three new states were created, namely: Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa
680-746: The Linguistic Provinces Commission to recommend whether or not the states should be reorganized on a linguistic basis. The Commission included S. K. Dhar (retired Judge of the Allahabad High Court ), J. N. Lal (lawyer), and Panna Lall (retired Indian Civil Service officer), so it was called the Dhar Commission. In its 10 December 1948 report, the Commission recommended that "the formation of provinces on exclusively or even mainly linguistic considerations
720-568: The SRC's recommendation and strongly demanded separate linguistic states. The situation became complicated because both of them wanted to include Bombay city (now Mumbai) in their own states due to its economic and cosmopolitan values. Jawaharlal Nehru also suggested to form three states; Maharashtra, Gujarat and centrally governed city-state of Bombay to solve conflict. The protest broke out in Bombay and other Marathi -speaking districts, later known as
760-705: The Union and that state. Mahagujarat Movement Indulal Yagnik Morarji Desai Mahagujarat movement , ( Gujarati : મહાગુજરાત આંદોલન; Mahagujarat Andolan , Māha meaning “great” in Hindi) was a political movement demanding the creation of the state of Gujarat for Gujarati-speaking people from the bilingual Bombay state of India in 1956. It succeeded in the formation of Gujarat on 1 May 1960. The term Mahagujarat includes all Gujarati-speaking areas, including mainland Gujarat and peninsulas of Saurashtra and Kutch . Writer-politician Kanaiyalal Munshi coined
800-451: The accession of Ashini in Gujarat. Mumbai went to Maharashtra, and Dang went to Gujarat. Mahagujarat seema samiti leader was Purshottamdas Thakurdas . President Rajendra Prasad , Vice-President Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru finally agreed upon the formation of two new lingual states after prolonged agitation. On 1 May 1960, two new states, Gujarat and Maharashtra, were created. Mahagujarat Janata Parishad
840-551: The country demanding linguistic states. In December 1953, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) to prepare report on the creation of linguistic states. The commission was headed by Justice Fazal Ali so it was called Fazal Ali Commission . The commission reported in 1955 to reorganise states of India. SRC considered forming states on a linguistic basis but recommended that Bombay state should stay as
SECTION 20
#1732772279386880-647: The direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions ) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as the representative of the Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as
920-587: The former French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé , was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli , declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli . In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised
960-520: The independence of India: Upon the split of Bombay State in 1960, the designation of the "Governor of Bombay" was renamed to the Governor of Maharashtra . Sources : Governor of Maharashtra and Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°E / 18.97500; 72.82583 Indian state India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories , for
1000-466: The provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule. The latter years of the Indian Empire saw the enactment of the last Government of India Act by the Crown. This act granted full autonomy to Indian provinces. Provincial laws no longer needed the assent of the governor-general. This act created the office of a Premier in each province, who functioned as the new head of government and
1040-639: The provinces. However a good number of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies, or residencies. An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency. In 1919, the fourth Government of India was enacted by the Crown. This saw many major changes. The legislatures of the provinces were made elected ones rather than nominated ones. Some provinces were given bicameral legislatures . All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma
1080-473: The representative of the Emperor . In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government. A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within
1120-482: The state, forcing Morarji Desai to go on a week-long fast. People did not turn up to support him during the fast and stayed at home following the self-imposed curfew , Janata Curfew . Just before the declaration of carving three states as Nehru suggested, 180 members of Parliament suggested returning to bilingual Bombay state together. There was conflict over Mumbai and Dang , which was solved through discussions. Gandhian activist Ghelubhai Nayak actively lobbied for
1160-532: The state. Indulal Yagnik came out of his retirement from politics and founded Mahagujarat Janata Parishad to guide the movement. Many protesters, including Indulal Yagnik and Dinkar Mehta , Dhanvant Shroff, were arrested and kept at Gaekwad Haveli in Ahmedabad for a few days and later imprisoned in Sabarmati Central Jail for three and half months. The protest also spread in other parts of
1200-495: The states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. As a result of this act: Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and
1240-579: The term Mahagujarat at the Karachi meeting of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad in 1937. During British rule in India , sections of the western coast of India were part of the Bombay Presidency . In 1937, the Bombay Presidency was included as a province of British India. After the independence of India in 1947, the demand for linguistic states came up. On 17 June 1948, Rajendra Prasad set up
Bombay State - Misplaced Pages Continue
1280-552: The territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new Indian Union . Most were merged into existing provinces. Others were organised into new provinces and states , such as Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh , Malwa Union , Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union , and Patiala and East Punjab States Union , made up of multiple princely states. A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , became separate states. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India
1320-415: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh . The act designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur , Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of
1360-409: The union government. The Indian Empire was a very complex political entity consisting of various imperial divisions and states and territories of varying autonomy. At the time of its establishment in 1876, it was made up of 584 constituent states and the directly ruled territories of the Crown . The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies. A province consisted of territory under
1400-536: Was dissolved on the success of the movement. The first government was formed under Jivraj Mehta , who become the first Chief Minister of Gujarat . Notable individuals who participated in the movement include: Several leaders associated with the movement were writers, poets and even film-makers. Maya , a novel by Indulal Yagnik is set during movement. Jayanti Dalal , Yashwant Shukla, Vinodini Nilkanth , Ishwar Petlikar , Ushnas had also used movement as their inspiration for literary works. Midnight's Children ,
1440-506: Was given a special status and made an autonomous province. The Chamber of Princes was established by Emperor George V in 1920. One of the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors. This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all
1480-593: Was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh . In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 , which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , effective from 31 October 2019. Later that year in November,
1520-464: Was reorganised on linguistic lines. Gujarati -speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following Mahagujarat Movement . Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi -speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar , five districts from Hyderabad State , and numerous princely states enclosed between them. Bombay State had three chief ministers after
1560-399: Was responsible to the provincial legislature. Bengal, Madras and Bombay which had been till now styled Presidencies, were now officially styled as provinces. The provinces of Orissa and Sind were created from Bihar and Bombay respectively. The Province of Burma which had previously functioned as an autonomous province of India was now separated from the Indian Empire, and established as
1600-501: Was separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh . The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts, and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. Laws passed by these legislatures needed the dual assent of the governor or lieutenant-governor of the province and the governor-general of India , who functioned as
#385614