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30-650: The 10 regional police authorities in Bavaria are: Bavaria reorganised hierarchy structures between 2005 and 2008 to reduce bureaucracy, changing from a four-tier hierarchy ( Interior Ministry – Regional administration – Police Department – Police Station) to three levels (Interior Ministry, Regional Police Authority, Police Station). The seven Polizeipräsidien in Würzburg , Bayreuth , Regensburg , Nuremberg , Augsburg , Munich and Oberbayern (HQ in Munich) gave way to

60-813: A police dog school. Bavaria has different special units, which are the The Bavarian Water police is directly subordinate to the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior. The headquarters is located in Nuremberg and has 10 river police stations along the Main and Danube rivers and the Main-Danube Canal . It also supports 14 police stations that cover major lakes in Bavaria. The Bavarian Landeskriminalamt (State Investigation Bureau)

90-525: A centralised cabinet of modern ministries instead of a multitude of chambers. Montgelas was also responsible for the abolition of all tolls within the Kingdom of Bavaria thus enabling free trade within the country. And he designed and passed a regulation for civil servants, the "Dienstpragmatik", which became a model for civil service in Germany as whole. According to its rules, admission to any service within

120-505: A social group of servants loyal only to the crown and Kingdom of Bavaria. In order to reduce the political and cultural influence of the Catholic Church in Bavaria in favor of the secular state, Montgelas extended civil rights, including citizenship, to Protestants. The Jewish communities were awarded a secure legal status, although there remained a discriminating special registration. Along these lines, Montgelas secularized—that

150-401: Is BMW . On duty, officers carry their duty handgun ( Heckler & Koch VP9 ) and many other tools, such as handcuffs, pepper spray, a flashlight, an expandable baton and (since 2019) Axon 2 bodycameras. There are Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns for high risk calls in all patrol cars. On top of that, some patrol officers are trained as specialized tactical officers and are skilled in

180-450: Is clear that such sentiments as theirs appeared to Montgelas to be merely childish. He was a thorough politician of the 18th century type, who saw and attempted to see nothing except that Bavaria had always been threatened by the house of Habsburg , had been supported by Prussia for purely selfish reasons, and could look for useful support against these two only from France, which had selfish reasons of her own for wishing to counterbalance

210-546: Is directly supervised by the Bavarian Interior State Ministry situated in Munich and employs 1,800 officers and civilian staff. Its missions are: witness protection, state security, undercover investigations, statistics, monitoring the development of crime, crime prevention, criminal investigations analysis, exchange of information with foreign countries and forensic science. The most used car brand

240-749: Is seized for the use and benefit of the State—many Catholic land-holdings, most especially the Bavarian monasteries. Montgelas was attempting to sever the Mortmain that had driven the state to the treasury to the brink of financial ruin under Karl Theodor. According to principles of the Enlightenment and the Napoleonic reorganization of Europe, the expropriation of Church property and the suppression of Church institutions were essential steps to

270-869: The European migrant crisis in 2015, the Bavarian State Government re-established the Bavarian Border Police in 2018 to support the Federal Police to protect the border to Austria , to the Czech Republic and at the Nuremberg Airport . The Police Support Group HQ ( Bereitschaftspolizeipräsidium ) in Bamberg employs 6,000 officers and civilian staff at seven Bereitschaftspolizeiabteilungen (BPA),

300-638: The 10 new areas and the Polizeidirektionen disappeared. The reorganisation required the rewiring of all police radio and emergency notification networks which are not located only at each regional police authority. Citizens in Bavaria have been participating in public safety since 1994. This commitment to civic action is seen in the Sicherheitswacht auxiliary state police program, where approx. 800 citizens in 125 Bavarian towns (July 2016) voluntarily assist their local police. Due to

330-570: The Bavarian historian Eberhard Weis , who also is Montgelas' biographer. After 1799 when Maximilian Joseph succeeded to the Electorate of Bavaria, Montgelas as his primary adviser and leading statesman very much followed his concept throughout the following years in a very uncompromising manner: Montgelas enforced the taxation of the nobility and the clergy. Taxation went along with a complete economic description and measurement of Bavaria leading to an outstanding cadastral system. Montgelas passed

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360-758: The Court of the Duke, the head of a branch of the Wittelsbach family. From this refuge also he was driven by orthodox enemies of the Illuminati. The brother of the Duke of Zweibrücken, Maximilian Joseph , took Montgelas into his service as a Private Secretary. When his employer succeeded to the Duchy, Montgelas was named a Minister, and in that capacity he attended the Second Congress of Rastatt in 1798, where

390-805: The Interior was Count Maximilian von Montgelas (until 1817). Since October 16, 2007, Joachim Herrmann ( CSU ) has been Minister of the Interior. On September 1st, 2024, the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior uploaded a video on their official X (formerly twitter) account which contained a number of seemingly Islamophobic tropes and imagery. The post has since been deleted from their account. ... 48°08′32″N 11°34′39″E  /  48.14222°N 11.57750°E  / 48.14222; 11.57750 Maximilian von Montgelas Maximilian Karl Joseph Franz de Paula Hieronymus de Garnerin de la Thuile, Count von Montgelas ( German : Maximilian Karl Joseph Franz de Paula Hieronymus de Garnerin de la Thuille Graf von Montgelas ; 12 September 1759 – 14 June 1838)

420-431: The annexation of church lands, free towns, and small lordships, such as Wallerstein . As this end was achieved by undeviating servility to Napoleon , and by the most cynical disregard of the rights of Bavaria's German-speaking neighbors, Montgelas became the type of an unpatriotic politician in the eyes of all Germans who revolted against the supremacy of France. From his own conduct and his written defence of his policy, it

450-510: The city of Munich erected a monument at Munich 's Promenadenplatz in his honor. In 2009, his 250th birth anniversary has been celebrated with the creation of honorific "Montgelas Prize" ("Montgelas-Preis" in German), awarded each year to French leaders to acknowledge their actions in favor of French-German cooperation. It has been awarded to Jean Arthuis (Head of the Committee on Budgets in

480-423: The first modern constitution for Bavaria in 1808, which included the abolition of any relics of serfdom that had survived until then. Montgelas was responsible for the abolition of the torture in 1812 by introducing a new penal code based on contemporary humanitarian standards. He introduced compulsory school education, compulsory military service, compulsory vaccination. He reorganised the Bavarian administration by

510-480: The minister would not have been influenced by any feeling of sentimentality to adhere to an ally who had ceased to be useful. In internal affairs, Montgelas carried out a policy of secularization and of administrative centralization by determined means, which showed that he had never wholly renounced his opinions of the time of the Enlightenment movement. In the field in interior politics he can be regarded as

540-561: The modernization of the State. Since the earliest centuries of the Middle Ages, the monasteries had owned large stretches of land and governed the farmers working that land. Montgelas, again in keeping with principles of the Enlightenment and the Napoleonic reorganization of Europe that favored the establishment of absolute secular authority over against religion, eliminating such exercises of authority by and resources from church institutions

570-519: The most successful German politician of the early 19th century with a long list of achievements. Already in 1796, when the Duke of Zweibrücken (after the French advance towards Zweibrücken) was a landless prince exiled in Ansbach , Montgelas had developed a masterplan for the future modernisation of Bavaria. This lengthy paper, the "Ansbacher mémoire" was rediscovered in the 1960s and published in 1970 by

600-445: The police schools, the police orchestra and the police helicopter squadron. The BPAs are situated in Munich, Eichstätt , Würzburg, Nuremberg, Königsbrunn , Dachau and Sulzbach-Rosenberg and have 10 companies as the state’s mobile police reserve. The helicopter squadron has nine modern choppers stationed at Munich Airport and Roth Airfield near Nuremberg. Bavaria has two basic training schools, one professional development school and

630-429: The power both of Austria and Prussia in Germany. As late as 1813, when Napoleon's power was visibly breaking down, and Montgelas knew the internal weakness of his empire well from visits to Paris, he still continued to maintain that France was necessary to Bavaria. The decision of the king to turn against Napoleon in 1814 was taken under the influence of his son and of Marshal Wrede rather than of Montgelas, although

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660-402: The public administration was no longer dependent on whether one was Catholic or of noble family, but solely on the quality of one's education. Thus Montgelas broke the preponderance of the nobility in the higher and decisive ranks of public administration. Civil servants were granted a sufficient salary and their widows a pension. Thus Montgelas refounded the civil service on new ethics and created

690-481: The public service in the department of the censorship of books. The Elector Charles Theodore , who had at first favored him, became offended on discovering that Montgelas was associated with the Illuminati , a secret society in Bavaria that held the most anti-clerical propositions of the Enlightenment . Montgelas therefore went to Zweibrücken , where he was helped by his brother Illuminati to find employment at

720-528: The reconstruction of Germany , which was the consequence of the French Revolution , was in full swing. In 1799, the Duke of Zweibrücken succeeded to the throne of the Electorate of Bavaria , and he kept Montgelas as his most trusted adviser. Montgelas was the inspirer and director of the policy by which in 1806 the Electorate was turned into a kingdom and was also greatly increased in size by

750-592: The remainder of his life as a member of the Bavarian House of Lords ("Kammer der Reichsräte") till his death in 1838. He had married the Countess von Arco in 1803, and had eight children; in 1809 he was made a count . As a typical generous nobleman of the 18th century he allowed his very attractive wife to have her lovers and even invited some of them to his palace. In 2005 the Free State of Bavaria and

780-543: The repeated wars prevented any convocation of the Parliament. In fact he preferred his status as a benevolent dictator and successfully evaded any control by any form of Parliament. Only after Montgelas' dismissal in 1817, the Bavarian constitution of 1818  [ de ] second introduced a real bicameral Parliament (to the standards of the era). His enemies persuaded the king to dismiss him in 1817, and he spent

810-628: The use of their issued Heckler & Koch G3 and FN SCAR rifles. Bavarian Ministry of the Interior The Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, Sport and Integration ( German : Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern, für Sport und Integration ) is the interior ministry of Bavaria . It is headquartered in Munich , and was established on November 21, 1806 as the Departement des Innern . The first Minister of

840-596: Was a Bavarian statesman, a member of a noble family from the Duchy of Savoy . His father John Sigmund Garnerin, Baron Montgelas ( German : Janus Sigmund Garnerin Freiherr von Montgelas ), entered the military service of Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria , and married the Countess Ursula von Trauner. Maximilian Josef, their eldest son, was born in the Bavarian capital Munich on September 10, 1759. Montgelas

870-555: Was educated successively at Nancy , Strasbourg , and Ingolstadt . Being a Savoyard on his father's side, he naturally felt the French influence, which was then strong in Germany , with peculiar force. To the end of his life he spoke and wrote French more correctly and with more ease than German . Nevertheless, the Munich-born Montgelas always wanted to be addressed as a Bavarian by nationality. In 1779 he entered

900-537: Was necessary. Monastic life as such was viewed by Montgelas, in keeping with the most religiously hostile forms of Enlightenment thinking, as useless, at best, and as a breeding ground of "superstition." In Montgelas's eyes, any form of parliamentary representation was as dangerous to the modern state as was the Church. Even the powerless and highly plutocratic Parliament introduced by the constitution of 1808 practically never came into being. Montgelas himself declared, that

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