A sett or set is a badger's den. It usually consists of a network of tunnels and numerous entrances. The largest setts are spacious enough to accommodate 15 or more animals with up to 300 metres (1,000 ft) of tunnels and as many as 40 openings. Such elaborate setts with extensive tunneling take many years for badgers to complete. One sett in Southern England spreads over an estimated area in excess of 2,000 square metres – precise measurement has not been attempted. Another sett, in north-eastern Germany, has been shown to have been in use for over ten thousand years. Setts are typically excavated in soil that is well drained and easy to dig, such as sand, and situated on sloping ground where there is some cover.
41-480: Arctonyx Meles Mellivora Melogale Mydaus (Family Mephitidae ) Taxidea Badgers are short-legged omnivores in the family Mustelidae (which also includes the otters , wolverines , martens , minks , polecats , weasels , and ferrets ). Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by their squat bodies and adaptions for fossorial activity. All belong to
82-501: A badger as a pet or offering one for sale is an offence in the United Kingdom under the 1992 Protection of Badgers Act. In Europe during the medieval period, accounts of badgers in bestiaries described badgers as working together to dig holes under mountains. They were said to lie down at the entrance of the hole holding a stick in their mouths, while other badgers piled dirt on their bellies. Two badgers would then take hold of
123-493: A badger or to interfere with a sett unless under license from a statutory authority . The Hunting Act of 2004 further banned fox hunters from blocking setts during their chases. Badgers have been trapped commercially for their pelts, which have been used for centuries to make shaving brushes , a purpose to which it is particularly suited owing to its high water retention. Virtually all commercially available badger hair now comes from mainland China , though, which has farms for
164-682: A cooperative fashion. The diet of the Eurasian badger consists largely of earthworms (especially Lumbricus terrestris ), insects , grubs , and the eggs and young of ground-nesting birds . They also eat small mammals , amphibians , reptiles and birds , as well as roots and fruit . In Britain, they are the main predator of hedgehogs , which have demonstrably lower populations in areas where badgers are numerous, so much so that hedgehog rescue societies do not release hedgehogs into known badger territories. They are occasional predators of domestic chickens, and are able to break into enclosures that
205-652: A fox cannot. In southern Spain, badgers feed to a significant degree on rabbits. American badgers are fossorial carnivores – i.e. they catch a significant proportion of their food underground, by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents at speed. The honey badger of Africa consumes honey , porcupines , and even venomous snakes (such as the puff adder ); they climb trees to gain access to honey from bees' nests. Badgers have been known to become intoxicated with alcohol after eating rotting fruit. Hunting badgers for sport has been common in many countries. The Dachshund (German for "badger hound") dog breed
246-657: A mother badger protecting her cubs. An internet meme ( Badger, badger, badger ) appeared viral in the early years of YouTube , later initiating other versions of the animation. As a sub-series of the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise , Sticks the Badger is one of the main characters of the Sonic Boom series . Arctonyx Hog badgers are three species of mustelid in the genus Arctonyx . They represent one of
287-467: A small free-swinging door that is heavy enough that rabbits don't seem to learn how to push them open. The recommended door size is 18 by 25 cm and weighs about 1.1 kg. With a special license, badger fencing and one-way gates may be installed to exclude resident badgers from an area being developed. Badgers have been used in traditional medicine in Europe, Asia and Africa. Although rarely eaten today in
328-490: A small number of colony members when nearby food sources are in season or in autumn when the main sett is crowded with the year's young. Badgers typically retreat to their setts at daybreak and come out at dusk. In cold regions, setts are dug below the level at which the ground freezes, and all members of the clan sleep in the same chamber, possibly to share body heat. Sometimes setts or parts of setts that are not being used by badgers are occupied by rabbits or foxes . In
369-479: Is a cete, but badger colonies are more often called clans. A badger's home is called a sett. The following list shows where the various species with the common name of badger are placed in the Mustelidae and Mephitidae classifications. The list is polyphyletic and the species commonly called badgers do not form a valid clade . Badgers are found in much of North America , Great Britain , Ireland and most of
410-539: Is an animal that is often underestimated, because it lives quietly until attacked, but which, when provoked, can fight off animals much larger than itself, which resembles the Hufflepuff house in several ways. Many other stories featuring badgers as characters include Kenneth Grahame 's children's novel The Wind in the Willows (1908), Beatrix Potter 's The Tale of Mr. Tod (1912; featuring badger Tommy Brock),
451-736: Is considered an iconic species of the British countryside and it has been claimed by shadow ministers that "The government's own figures show it will cost more than it saves...", and Lord Krebs, who led the Randomised Badger Culling Trial in the 1990s, said the two pilots "will not yield any useful information". When protecting woodlands from deer and rabbit, installing fences in badger territory can be problematic. Because badgers are persistent and strong, if fences are placed across their "runs"—established foraging and travel paths—they may well dig through or under, damaging
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#1732765575722492-586: Is variable from two to 15. Badgers can run or gallop at 25–30 km/h (16–19 mph) for short periods of time. Some species, notably the honey badger , can climb well. In March 2024, scientists released footage of a wild Asian badger climbing a tree to a height of 2.5 m in South Korea. Badgers are nocturnal . In North America, coyotes sometimes eat badgers and vice versa, but the majority of their interactions seem to be mutual or neutral. American badgers and coyotes have been seen hunting together in
533-471: The Altai Region of Russia. In Croatia badger meat is rarely eaten, but when it is, it is usually smoked, dried, or served in goulash . In France, badger meat was used in the preparation of several dishes, such as Blaireau au sang , and it was a relatively common ingredient in countryside cuisine. Badger meat was eaten in some parts of Spain until recently. Badgers are sometimes kept as pets. Keeping
574-567: The Rupert Bear adventures by Mary Tourtel (appearing since 1920), T. H. White 's Arthurian fantasy novels The Once and Future King (1958, written 1938–41) and The Book of Merlyn (1977), Fantastic Mr. Fox (1970) by Roald Dahl , Richard Adams 's Watership Down (1972), Colin Dann 's The Animals of Farthing Wood (1979), and Erin Hunter 's Warriors (appearing since 2003). In
615-569: The University of Durham . In 2007, the appearance of honey badgers around the British base at Basra, Iraq , fueled rumours among the locals that British forces deliberately released "man-eating" and "bear-like" badgers to spread panic. These allegations were denied by the British army and the director of Basra's veterinary hospital. On 28 August 2013, the PC video game Shelter was released by developers Might and Delight in which players control
656-526: The caniform suborder of carnivoran mammals. The fifteen species of mustelid badgers are grouped in four subfamilies: four species of Melinae (genera Meles and Arctonyx ) including the European badger , five species of Helictidinae (genus Melogale ) or ferret-badger , the honey badger or ratel Mellivorinae (genus Mellivora ), and the American badger Taxideinae (genus Taxidea ). Badgers include
697-538: The skunk family (Mephitidae). Badger mandibular condyles connect to long cavities in their skulls, which gives resistance to jaw dislocation and increases their bite grip strength. This in turn limits jaw movement to hinging open and shut, or sliding from side to side, but it does not hamper the twisting movement possible for the jaws of most mammals . Badgers have rather short, wide bodies, with short legs for digging. They have elongated, weasel-like heads with small ears. Their tails vary in length depending on species;
738-499: The American badger, the hog badger, and the honey badger are generally a little smaller and lighter. Stink badgers are smaller still, and ferret-badgers are the smallest of all. They weigh around 9–11 kg (20–24 lb), while some Eurasian badgers weigh around 18 kg (40 lb). The word "badger", originally applied to the European badger ( Meles meles ), comes from earlier bageard (16th century), presumably referring to
779-517: The United States or the United Kingdom, badgers were once a primary meat source for the diets of Native Americans and European colonists. Badgers were also eaten in Britain during World War II and the 1950s. In some areas of Russia, the consumption of badger meat is still widespread. Shish kebabs made from badger, along with dog meat and pork, are a major source of trichinosis outbreaks in
820-481: The animal evolved ( Italian tasso , French taisson — blaireau is now more common— Catalan toixó , Spanish tejón , Portuguese texugo ). A male European badger is a boar, a female is a sow, and a young badger is a cub. However, in North America the young are usually called kits, while the terms male and female are generally used for adults. A collective name suggested for a group of colonial badgers
861-465: The badger population is prohibited in many European countries since badgers are listed in the Berne Convention , but they are not otherwise the subject of any international treaty or legislation. Many badgers in Europe were gassed during the 1960s and 1970s to control rabies . Until the 1980s, badger culling in the United Kingdom was undertaken in the form of gassing, allegedly to control
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#1732765575722902-430: The fence and leaving openings that rabbits can get through. Ideally, badger runs should be identified before fence construction begins. The gateways are constructed in stages over time to ensure that badgers are using the manmade openings instead of damaging the new fence: starting with leaving a cut opening in the fence at ground level, later laying a floor (threshold), later still framing the opening, and eventually hanging
943-671: The government authorised a limited cull led by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs . However it was later deferred and a wide range of reasons given. In August 2013 a full culling programme began, whereby it was expected that about 5,000 badgers would be killed over six weeks in West Somerset and Gloucestershire using a mixture of controlled shooting and free shooting (some badgers were to be trapped in cages first). The cull caused many protests, with emotional, economic and scientific reasons being cited. The badger
984-424: The ground, and they incorporate larger chambers used for sleeping or rearing young. These chambers are lined with dry bedding material such as grass , straw , dead leaves or bracken . Tunnels are wider than they are high, typically around 30 centimetres (12 in) wide by 25 centimetres (10 in) high, which matches a badger's wide and stocky build. The material excavated by the badgers forms large heaps on
1025-574: The historic novel Incident at Hawk's Hill (1971) by Allan W. Eckert a badger is one of the main characters. Badgers are also featured in films and animations: a flash video called Badgers shows a cete doing calisthenics . The 1973 Disney animated film Robin Hood depicts the character of Friar Tuck as a badger. In the Doctor Snuggles series, Dennis the handyman was a badger. In Europe, badgers were traditionally used to predict
1066-481: The length of winter . The badger is the state animal of the U.S. state of Wisconsin , though this is a reference to the state's early miners rather than the animal itself, and Bucky Badger is the mascot of the athletic teams at the University of Wisconsin–Madison . The badger is also the official mascot of Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; The University of Sussex , England; and St Aidan's College at
1107-475: The most basal mustelids; the American badger is the most basal of all, followed successively by the ratel and the Melinae; the estimated split dates are about 17.8, 15.5 and 14.8 million years ago, respectively. The two species of Asiatic stink badgers of the genus Mydaus were formerly included within Melinae (and thus Mustelidae), but more recent genetic evidence indicates these are actually members of
1148-461: The northern hog badger ( A. albogularis ) and the Sumatran hog badger ( A. hoevenii ) as three separate species . The greater hog badger is listed as a Vulnerable species . The other two are listed as Least Concern . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Sett Sett tunnels are usually between 0.5 and 2 metres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 and 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) beneath
1189-447: The purpose. The Chinese supply three grades of hair to domestic and foreign brush makers. Village cooperatives are also licensed by the national government to hunt and process badgers to avoid their becoming a crop nuisance in rural northern China. The European badger is also used as trim for some traditional Scottish clothing . The American badger is also used for paintbrushes and as trim for some Native American garments. Controlling
1230-826: The rest of Europe as far north as southern Scandinavia . They live as far east as Japan , Korea and China . The Javan ferret-badger lives in Indonesia , and the Bornean ferret-badger lives in Malaysia . The honey badger is found in most of sub-Saharan Africa , the Arabian Desert , southern Levant , Turkmenistan , Pakistan and India . The behaviour of badgers differs by family, but all shelter underground, living in burrows called setts , which may be very extensive. Some are solitary, moving from home to home, while others are known to form clans called cetes. Cete size
1271-495: The shelter of a shed, or in a pile of timber or rocks. Badgers also excavate them under man-made structures like building foundations, concrete sidewalks, and paved roadways. This can lead to subsidence , and other damage to such structures. Badger colonies often use several setts: a large main sett in the center of a colony's territory and occupied by most of a colony's members, and one or more smaller outlier setts. Outlier setts may have only two or three entrances and may be used by
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1312-404: The slope below the sett. Among this material may be found old bedding material, stones with characteristic heavy scratch-marks, and sometimes even the bones of long-dead badgers cleared out by later generations. Most setts have several active entrances, several more that are used rarely, and some that have fallen into disuse. Setts are not always excavated entirely in soil. Sometimes they are under
1353-413: The spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Limited culling resumed in 1998 as part of a 10-year randomised trial cull, which was considered by John Krebs and others to show that culling was ineffective. Some groups called for a selective cull, whilst others favoured a programme of vaccination. Wales and Northern Ireland are currently (2013) conducting field trials of a badger vaccination programme. In 2012
1394-466: The stick in the badger's mouth, and drag the animal loaded with dirt away, almost in the fashion of a wagon. The moralizing component of bestiaries often took precedence over their function as natural history texts, and this description of badgers most likely reflects an allegorical exemplar rather than what everyday people in the Middle Ages might or might not have believed about how badgers behave in
1435-410: The stink badger has a very short tail, while the ferret-badger's tail can be 46–51 cm (18–20 in) long, depending on age. They have black faces with distinctive white markings, grey bodies with a light-coloured stripe from head to tail, and dark legs with light-coloured underbellies. They grow to around 90 cm (35 in) in length, including tail. The European badger is one of the largest;
1476-582: The title of Badger Lord or Badger Mother. A badger character is featured in The Immortals (1992–1996) by Tamora Pierce and "The Badger" is a comic book hero created by Mike Baron . The badger is the emblem of the Hufflepuff house of the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter book series (1997–2007), it is chosen as such because the badger
1517-471: The two genera in the subfamily Melinae , alongside the true badgers (genus Meles ). Arctonyx was formerly considered a monotypic genus containing one species, A. collaris , but a 2008 study found it to comprise 3 distinct species, a finding later followed by the American Society of Mammalogists . Three species are known: The IUCN considers the greater hog badger ( A. collaris ),
1558-417: The white mark borne like a badge on its forehead. Similarly, a now archaic synonym was bauson 'badger' (1375), a variant of bausond 'striped, piebald', from Old French bausant , baucent 'id.'. The less common name brock ( Old English : brocc ), ( Scots : brock ) is a Celtic loanword (cf. Gaelic broc and Welsh broch , from Proto-Celtic *brokkos ) meaning "grey". The Proto-Germanic term
1599-631: The wild. The 19th-century poem "The Badger" by John Clare describes a badger hunt and badger-baiting . The character Frances in Russell Hoban 's children's books, beginning with Bedtime for Frances (1948–1970), is depicted as a badger. Trufflehunter is a heroic badger in the Chronicles of Narnia book Prince Caspian (1951) by C. S. Lewis . Badger characters are featured in author Brian Jacques ' Redwall series (1986–2011), they are depicted as feared warriors most often falling under
1640-575: Was *þahsuz (cf. German Dachs , Dutch das , Norwegian svin toks ; Early Modern English dasse ), probably from the PIE root *tek'- "to construct," so the badger would have been named after its digging of setts (tunnels); the Germanic term *þahsuz became taxus or taxō , - ōnis in Latin glosses , replacing mēlēs (" marten " or "badger"), and from these words the common Romance terms for
1681-586: Was bred for this purpose. Badger-baiting was formerly a popular blood sport . Although badgers are normally quite docile, they fight fiercely when cornered. This led people to capture and box badgers and then wager on whether a dog could succeed in removing the badger from its refuge. In England, opposition from naturalists led to its ban under the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1835 and the Protection of Badgers Act of 1992 made it an offence to kill, injure, or take