The Baemi or Baimoi (Ancient Greek Βαῖμοι), were a large Germanic people who are only known by their mention in Ptolemy 's Geography . He described them as living on the north side of the Danube , south of the Luna forest and iron mines, with the Quadi still further north and the Hercynian forest above them. West of the Baemi on the Danube were the Adrabaecampi , who had the Sudini north of them, the Marcomanni still further north, and a forest called the Gabreta north of them. This would place them in or around modern Slovakia , Moravia and Lower Austria .
24-462: Commentators generally compare their name to another one found in the same text (but located further north), the " Bainochaimai ". And both terms are considered related to references to similar terms in older authors, Strabo and Tacitus , who were both referring to a place rather than an ethnic group. Strabo described Boihaemum , as the domain of Marabodus , the king of the Marcomanni, within
48-564: A Germanic people recorded only in the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy , who described them as living near the Elbe . The name is generally considered to be equivalent to the modern term " Bohemian " in its origins, although this does not mean that this people is ancestral to the modern Bohemians, or speak an ancestral language, or live in Bohemia . Rather the name represents a combination of
72-729: A part of the general area of the modern Czech Republic had been settled by Suebian Germanic tribes , most notably the Marcomanni under King Marobodus . Around 100 AD Tacitus reported that in the area once inhabited by the Boii, north of the Danube , south of the Main , east of the old territory of the Helvetii , and west of the Hercynian forest : "The name Boiemum still survives, marking
96-763: Is now Poland . The 12th century Chronica Polonorum by Wincenty Kadlubek mentions the alliance between the Lugii and the Romans. Ptolemy mentions the Lugi Omani (Λοῦγοι οἱ Ὀμανοί), the Lugi Diduni (Λοῦγοι οἱ Διδοῦνοι) and the Lugi Buri (Λοῦγοι οἱ Βοῦροι) located on or near the upper Vistula in Germania Magna in what is now south Poland (Book 2, Chapter 10, 4th map of Europe). Ptolemy does not mention
120-634: Is uncertain, but some historians assume that the Lugians can be identified with the 'Longiones' tribe mentioned in Zosimus 's New History ( Historia Nova ), as being defeated by the Emperor Probus in year 279 in the province of Raetia near the Lygis river (usually identified with Lech river in modern Austria and Bavaria ). Another mention might be a great people of 'Lupiones-Sarmatae' shown on
144-632: The Askiburgium mountains (probably the modern Sudetes ) and the Lugi Buri , which are in turn north of the source of the Vistula river. This position may be north of both modern Bohemia and modern Bavaria. Ptolemy also mentions a large people named the Baimoi (or Baemi ) whose name is often considered to be simply a different Greek transliteration of the same word. However the Baimoi are found to
168-605: The Baltic Sea to the provinces of Roman Empire : Pannonia , Noricum and Raetia . The Lugii should not be confused with a tribe of the same name, usually spelled as Lugi , that inhabited the southern part of Sutherland in Scotland . The Lugii have been identified by many modern historians as the same people as the Vandals , with whom they must certainly have been strongly linked during Roman times. The etymology of
192-679: The Hercynian forest , in the south of Germany, among the hills or mountains north of the Danube (which are not yet as big as the Alps further south). He had moved some of his Suebian people as safe base for his kingdom. ...is the Hercynian Forest, and also the tribes of the Suevi, some of which dwell inside the forest, as, for instance, the tribes of the Coldui, in whose territory is Boihaemum ,
216-469: The Latin map Tabula Peutingeriana generally dated to 2nd-4th century AD. The Lugii were probably completely absorbed into the Vandals by the 3rd century. While the two peoples are located by Roman authors as living in the same region, they are never mentioned simultaneously. According to John Anderson , the "Lugii and Vandilii are designations of the same tribal group, the latter an extended ethnic name,
240-492: The Lugians comes from Cassius Dio 's work Roman History , in which he mentions events of 91–92 during the reign of emperor Domitian . The Lugii allied themselves with the Romans and asked them for help against some of the Suebi . Domitian sent 100 horsemen to support the Lugians. It is not known if these horsemen really arrived at their destination; if they did, it would be the first recorded presence of Roman soldiers on what
264-592: The Lugians with the Przeworsk culture , which is also associated with the Vandals , and it has been suggested that the Lugians and Vandals may have been closely related or even the same. While this culture was strongly Celtic -influenced in early Roman times, the Lugii are also sometimes regarded as Germanic , like the Vandals. They played an important role on the middle part of the Amber Road from Sambia at
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#1732782387491288-468: The Vandals at all. The Buri, who according to Ptolemy were part of the Lugians, (Tacitus treated them separately, and as Suebian in language) took an important role during the Marcomannic Wars (166–180): the Romans were forced to organize a separate military campaign against them called 'Expeditio Burica' in 182-183 during the reign of emperor Commodus . The later history of the Lugians
312-458: The book Germania (43:3), Tacitus mentions the name Vandilii as a "genuine and ancient name", but does not mention the Vandilii in the list of peoples at all. Tacitus however describes the Lugii, writing that they were divided into many tribes ('civitates'), of which he mentions the five most powerful: Harii , Helveconae , Manimi , Helisii and Nahanarvali . The next information about
336-427: The domain of Marabodus, the place whither he caused to migrate, not only several other peoples, but in particular the Marcomanni, his fellow-tribesmen; for after his return from Rome this man, who before had been only a private citizen, was placed in charge of the affairs of state, for, as a youth he had been at Rome and had enjoyed the favor of Augustus, and on his return he took the rulership and acquired, in addition to
360-427: The domain of Marabodus, the place whither he caused to migrate, not only several other peoples, but in particular the Marcomanni, his fellow-tribesmen; for after his return from Rome this man, who before had been only a private citizen, was placed in charge of the affairs of state, for, as a youth he had been at Rome and had enjoyed the favor of Augustus, and on his return he took the rulership and acquired, in addition to
384-432: The modern German Heim , English "home". (See *haimaz .) The complete term would therefore mean "the place where the Boii lived". These terms survive today in the modern name Bohemia , and more generally the name of the Boii survives not only in "Bohemia" but also in the name of the neighbouring German region of Bavaria . Bainochaimai The ' Baenochaemae , Bainochaimai (Ancient Greek Βαινοχαῖμαι) were
408-579: The more ancient tribal name of the Boii , and the Germanic word found in modern German heim , or English "home". (The Boii's name is also found in " Bavaria ", and they had lived in a large regions encompassing both of the modern regions, plus parts of modern Moravia , Hungary , Lower Austria and northern Italy. The Italian city of Bologna , Latin Bononia is named after them.) During Roman imperial times
432-557: The most important peoples of Germania, including the tribes Burgundiones , Varines , Charines and Gutones . The next mention of Lugii are the times of the Roman emperor Claudius (41–54). According to Tacitus 's Annales , in 50 'a great multitude' of Lugians and Hermunduri , led by the Hermundurian Vibilius , took part in the fall of Vannius , who the Romans had imposed as a ruler to replace Maroboduus. In
456-539: The name Lugii is uncertain. It could be related to the Celtic root *leug- ('swamp'), *lugiyo- ('oath'; cf. Gaulish luge , 'by the oath', OIr. luige 'oath'), * lugo - ('black', cf. Ir. loch ), or possibly to the name of the god Lug . The Lugii are first mentioned in Strabo 's Geographica . He writes that the Lugians were "a great people" and—together with other peoples like Semnones , Lombards and
480-408: The old tradition of the place, though the population has been changed." Strabo wrote that in the south of Germany, among the hills or mountains north of the Danube (which are not yet as big as the Alps further south)... ...is the Hercynian Forest, and also the tribes of the Suevi, some of which dwell inside the forest, as, for instance, the tribes of the Coldui, in whose territory is Boihaemum ,
504-529: The otherwise unknown Zumi, Butones, Mugilones and Sibini—were part of a federation subjected to the rule of Maroboduus , ruler of the Marcomanni with their centre in modern Bohemia 9 BC–19 AD. In 19 AD Maroboduus was overthrown with the help of Arminius of the Cherusci . The Lugii are not mentioned at all by Pliny the Elder , who instead mentions the Vandilii living in the same area as one of
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#1732782387491528-864: The peoples aforementioned, the Lugii (a large tribe), the Zumi, the Butones, the Mugilones, the Sibini, and also the Semnones , a large tribe of the Suevi themselves. According to Ptolemy's account, a tribe using this name lived near the river Elbe , east of the Melibokus mountains, which were probably not the modern Melibokus, but the Harz mountains, or Thuringian Forest or both. This is, he reports, in turn north of
552-458: The peoples aforementioned, the Lugii (a large tribe), the Zumi, the Butones, the Mugilones, the Sibini, and also the Semnones , a large tribe of the Suevi themselves. Tacitus describes Boiemum in the same region, and specifically says that this name derived from the more ancient Celtic tribe, the Boii , who had lived there in the past. The second element of these names is thought to derive from an old Germanic term meaning "home of", reflected in
576-859: The south, on the north side of the Danube before it turns south in Hungary, living near the Quadi and the Luna forest . Lugii The Lugii (or Lugi , Lygii , Ligii , Lugiones , Lygians , Ligians , Lugians , or Lougoi ) were a group of tribes mentioned by Roman authors living in ca. 100 BC–300 AD in Central Europe, north of the Sudetes mountains in the basin of upper Oder and Vistula rivers, covering most of modern southern and middle Poland (regions of Silesia , Greater Poland , Mazovia and Lesser Poland ). Most archaeologists identify
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