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24-710: Baker Beach is a public beach on the peninsula of San Francisco, California , United States The beach lies on the shore of the Pacific Ocean in the northwest of the city. It is roughly a 0.5 mi (800 m) long, beginning just south of Golden Gate Point (where the Golden Gate Bridge connects with the peninsula), extending southward toward the Seacliff peninsula, the Palace of the Legion of Honor and

48-586: A great white shark while he was in water 15 ft (4.5 m) deep. This was the only shark attack recorded on Baker Beach. Large outcrops of serpentine cliffs occur along the Pacific coast near Baker Beach. When rising from the land surface, serpentine produces a low- calcium , high- magnesium soil that can allow for rare species of plants to develop in the vicinity. This may explain the presence of Hesperolinon congestum (the Marin Dwarf Flax,

72-400: A threatened plant) in surrounding areas. To the north of the beach is Marshall's Beach and was the site of a Japanese Type 93 torpedo embedded in the beach sand in 1946. Historian Mark Felton believes it was fired by Japanese submarine I-15 in 1941, which was sailing near the waters off San Francisco. Peninsula A peninsula is a landform that extends from a mainland and

96-482: A tract for 300 English Pounds Sterling to Captain Arent Schuyler  – a former trader and Indian agent and, a member of the influential Schuyler family . The new purchase included present-day Kearny , North Arlington and Lyndhurst . Following his death in 1730, his sons inherited the land. After Schuyler's purchase of his new homestead, it was discovered the ground contained copper, which led to

120-507: Is recalled in the names of Berrys Creek , and the historic Yereance-Berry House . A portion was later sold to an early settler to Pavonia, New Netherland , Walling Van Winkle . The township was created in 1710 and encompassed all of the neck as well as lands to the north and west to the Saddle River . At this time, the territory was transferred from Essex County and made part of an expanded Bergen County . In 1710, Kingsland sold

144-568: Is surrounded by water on most sides. Peninsulas exist on each continent. The largest peninsula in the world is the Arabian Peninsula . The word peninsula derives from Latin paeninsula , from paene  'almost' and insula  'island'. The word entered English in the 16th century. A peninsula is generally defined as a piece of land surrounded on most sides by water. A peninsula may be bordered by more than one body of water, and

168-526: The Burning Man art festival. In 1990, park police allowed participants to raise the traditional large statue but not to set it on fire , since the beach enforces a limit on the size of any campfires. Subsequent Burning Man events have taken place in Black Rock Desert , Nevada . A fatal shark attack occurred on Baker Beach on May 7, 1959, when 18-year-old Albert Kogler Jr. was attacked by

192-576: The Lenape . It was the territory of the group called the Hackensack . The name of masgichteu-cunk meaning where May-apples grow , from a moist-woodland perennial that bears edible yellow berries. The name Achter Col was given during the New Netherland era in the mid-17th century, and can be translated a rear mountain pass or behind the ridge , in reference to the access it provided to

216-595: The Sutro Baths . The northern section of Baker Beach is "frequented by clothing-optional sunbathers," and as such it is considered a nude beach . Baker Beach is part of the Presidio , which was a military base from the founding of San Francisco by the Spanish in 1812 until 1997. In 1904, it was fortified with disappearing gun installations known as Battery Chamberlin , which can still be viewed today. When

240-636: The Presidio was decommissioned as a U.S. Army base, it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area , which is administered by the National Park Service . The 160 acres (65 ha) property was settled by John Henry Baker in the 1850s and was known as Golden Gate Milk Ranch. The property location description varied, but is generally described as being approximately 4 mi (6.4 km) west of

264-882: The body of water does not have to be an ocean or a sea. A piece of land on a very tight river bend or one between two rivers is sometimes said to form a peninsula, for example in the New Barbadoes Neck in New Jersey , United States. A peninsula may be connected to the mainland via an isthmus , for example, in the Isthmus of Corinth which connects to the Peloponnese peninsula. Peninsulas can be formed from continental drift , glacial erosion , glacial meltwater , glacial deposition , marine sediment , marine transgressions , volcanoes, divergent boundaries or river sedimentation. More than one factor may play into

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288-412: The city on the then Point Lobos Road (now Geary Blvd.) Baker died in 1863 and his widow, Maria, lost the property to foreclosure in 1879. In 1897, Baker's grandson, Fairfax Henry Wheelan sued to have the title returned to the heirs of John H. Baker, claiming that Baker's widow did not have the legal power to mortgage the property. From 1986 to 1990, the north end of Baker Beach was the original site of

312-498: The formation of a peninsula. For example, in the case of Florida , continental drift, marine sediment, and marine transgressions were all contributing factors to its shape. In the case of formation from glaciers (e.g., the Antarctic Peninsula or Cape Cod ), peninsulas can be created due to glacial erosion , meltwater or deposition . If erosion formed the peninsula, softer and harder rocks were present, and since

336-474: The glacier only erodes softer rock, it formed a basin . This may create peninsulas, and occurred for example in the Keweenaw Peninsula . In the case of formation from meltwater, melting glaciers deposit sediment and form moraines , which act as dams for the meltwater. This may create bodies of water that surround the land, forming peninsulas. If deposition formed the peninsula, the peninsula

360-519: The hinterlands beyond the Hudson Palisades that were rich fur-trapping grounds. After the surrender of Fort Amsterdam by the Dutch in 1664, the area became part of the proprietary Province of New Jersey during the period of British colonization of North America . On July 4, 1668, William Sandford obtained a grant of 15,308 acres (62 km²) from the proprietors. In the grant document,

384-663: The lower Hackensack and Passaic Rivers , in what is now western Hudson County and southern Bergen County . The neck begins in the south at Kearny Point in the Newark Bay and is characterized by a ridge (creating the valley of the Passaic) along the west and part of the New Jersey Meadowlands (the flood plain of the Hackensack) on the east. The neck was part of an area called Meghgectecock by

408-507: The name of the area was recorded as "New Barbados." As was the custom of the times, Sandford paid Chief Tantaqua of the Hackensack Indians 20 English Pounds Sterling for all their reserve rights and titles. On June 10, 1669, John Berry obtained a grant of 10,000 acres (40 km²) to the north of Sandford's grant. In 1671, Sandford's grant was divided between him and his uncle Nathaniel Kingsland of Barbados, with Sandford owning

432-599: The opening of the Schuyler Copper Mine . After it became flooded, the first steam engine in America was developed and used to pump out the deep mine shaft. The engine was secretly built by the engineer Josiah Hornblower . The engine and mines were destroyed by fire in 1768 and remained idle for some years. Schuyler Avenue , which runs along the eastern edge of the ridge honors the early settlement. Lord Howe of England took possession of New York Harbor and

456-588: The proximity of Schuyler Mansion drew many of his officers who traveled over a road known today as the Belleville Turnpike . It had originally been laid in 1759 with cedar logs from the nearby swamps. In September 1777, Henry Clinton , head of the British Expeditionary Forces in America, selected Schuyler Mansion for his headquarters during one of his more important raiding operations, including those along Second River . In

480-468: The sediment is deposited, forming a delta peninsula. Marine transgressions (changes in sea level) may form peninsulas, but also may affect existing peninsulas. For example, the water level may change, which causes a peninsula to become an island during high water levels. Similarly, wet weather causing higher water levels make peninsulas appear smaller, while dry weather make them appear larger. Sea level rise from global warming will permanently reduce

504-419: The size of some peninsulas over time. Peninsulas are noted for their use as shelter for humans and Neanderthals . The landform is advantageous because it gives hunting access to both land and sea animals. They can also serve as markers of a nation's borders. New Barbadoes Neck New Barbadoes Neck is the name given in the colonial era for the peninsula in northeastern New Jersey , US between

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528-669: The southern third of the tract and Kingsland the northern two-thirds. The Kingsland tract was settled by Nathaniel's nephew Isaac Kingsland about 1683. From 1668 to 1687, New Barbadoes was part of Newark Township. The Sandford family is recalled locally in Sandford Avenue in Harrison and Kearny . The Kingsland family is recalled in the Kingsland Station , Kingsland Avenue in Lyndhurst, and Kingsland Manor . Berry

552-497: The volcano erupts near shallow water. Marine sediment may form peninsulas by the creation of limestone . A rift peninsula may form as a result of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics (e.g. the Arabian Peninsula ), while a convergent boundary may also form peninsulas (e.g. Gibraltar or the Indian subcontinent ). Peninsulas can also form due to sedimentation in rivers. When a river carrying sediment flows into an ocean,

576-546: Was composed of sedimentary rock , which was created from a large deposit of glacial drift . The hill of drift becomes a peninsula if the hill formed near water but was still connected to the mainland, for example during the formation of Cape Cod about 23,000 years ago. In the case of formation from volcanoes, when a volcano erupts magma near water, it may form a peninsula (e.g., the Alaskan Peninsula ). Peninsulas formed from volcanoes are especially common when

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