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80-531: The Baldwin DRS-4-4-1500 was a diesel-electric locomotive of the road switcher type rated at 1,500-horsepower (1,100 kW), that rode on two-axle trucks, having a B-B wheel arrangement. It was manufactured by Baldwin Locomotive Works from 1947 until it was replaced in 1950 by the 1,600-horsepower (1,200 kW) AS-16 . Nine railroads bought 35 locomotives, with five railroads later buying

160-466: A 616-acre (2.49 km ) site located at Spring Street in nearby Eddystone, Pennsylvania , in 1906. Broad Street was constricted, but even so, it was a huge complex, occupying the better part of 8 square city blocks from Broad to 18th Streets and Spring Garden Street to the Reading tracks just past Noble Street. Eddystone had a capacity of well over 3000 locomotives per year. The move from Broad Street

240-599: A British order for similar locomotives failed to meet on-time delivery and weight limitations specified in contract. Baldwins seized on the opportunity to impress the NZR with a prompt six-month delivery of all 12 locomotives. Thereafter NZR ordered Baldwin products to complement home built locomotives, including Wb class and Wd class . Another four of the N class were purchased in 1901. The Ub class class of 22 locomotives consisting of 10 1898 flat valve and 10 1901 piston valve (Baldwins supplying all but two) proved themselves well at

320-410: A builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads. Matthias W. Baldwin , the founder, was a jeweler and whitesmith , who, in 1825, formed a partnership with machinist David H. Mason, and began making bookbinders' tools and cylinders for calico printing . Baldwin then designed and constructed a small stationary steam engine for his own use. This proved so successful and efficient that he

400-544: A career of breakneck speed; he was a restless man, quick of brain and quick of temper; he fell into jobs and fell in with people, but then throughout his life, fell out with them too. Ultimately overwork, an addiction to laudanum , alcohol and poor financial management took their toll. But Colburn suffered from another flaw. Following his numerous visits to the 1867 Paris Exhibition on behalf of Engineering , where he contracted syphilis , he became increasingly delighted by London prostitutes whose pleasures he much enjoyed. In

480-771: A direct negative effect on the railroad industry, especially the locomotive builders. Baldwin's locomotive output dropped from 2,666 in 1906 to 614 in 1908. The company cut its workforce from 18,499 workers in 1907 to 4,600 the following year. Baldwin's business was further imperiled when William P. Henszey, one of Baldwin's partners, died. His death left Baldwin with a US$ 6 million liability. In response, Baldwin incorporated and released US$ 10 million worth of bonds. Samuel Vauclain wanted to use these funds to expand Baldwin's capacities so it would be prepared for another boom. While other Baldwin officers opposed this expansion, Vauclain's vision won out; Baldwin would continue to expand its Eddystone plant until its completion in 1928. By 1928,

560-415: A drastic change in management, which revived the company's development efforts with diesel power, but it was already too far behind. In 1939 Baldwin offered its first standard line of diesel locomotives, all designed for yard service. By this time, Electro-Motive Corporation (EMC) was already ramping up production of diesel passenger locomotives and developing its first diesel road freight locomotive. As

640-477: A few months and Colburn returned to England to take up his previous position at The Engineer in London . Four years later, Colburn was dismissed from The Engineer as a result of personal scandal, taking up engineering consultancy and beginning work on a two-volume textbook on locomotive engineering that would forever define him as a leading engineer. This work, Locomotive Engineering and the mechanism of railways ,

720-473: A fraction of capacity as the market for steam locomotives declined in the 1930s. In contrast, ALCO , while remaining committed to steam production, pursued R&D paths centered on both steam mainline engines and diesel switch engines in the 1920s and '30s, which would position them to compete in the future market for diesel locomotives. In 1928 Baldwin began an attempt to diversify its product line to include small internal combustion-electric locomotives but

800-590: A later larger improved version, and last Baldwin product to be purchased by NZR was the Aa class . They lasted until 1959. Like all American locomotives produced at the time, the Baldwins had 'short' lifespans built into them but the NZR were happy to re-boiler almost their whole fleet to give them a longer life of hard work. NZR were generally happy with their Baldwin fleet. A private Railway operating in New Zealand at

880-610: A noted arithmetical prodigy. In 1853 Colburn married Adelaide Felecita Driggs, 12 years his senior. They had a daughter, Sarah Pearl. For some reason, he became estranged from his wife whereupon Colburn bigamously married Elizabeth Suzanna Browning from London in New York in September 1860. He went through a second marriage ceremony with Elizabeth, this time in London in 1864 which led to his sacking from The Engineer . Colburn had

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960-485: A short line to the suburbs of Philadelphia. The Camden & Amboy Railroad (C&A) had already imported their John Bull locomotive from England, and it was stored in Bordentown, New Jersey awaiting assembly when Baldwin inspected it, noting the principal dimensions of the parts. Without the benefit of modern machine tools the cylinders were bored by a chisel fixed in a block of wood and turned by hand;

1040-533: A single successful design. Baldwin's steam-centered development path had left them flat-footed in the efforts necessary to compete in the postwar diesel market dominated by EMC and Alco-GE . The United States' entry into World War II impeded Baldwin's diesel development program when the War Production Board dictated that Alco and Baldwin produce only steamers and diesel-electric yard switching engines. The General Motors Electro-Motive Corporation

1120-712: A trial on the new 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ) narrow-gauge railways . Fifteen more were built by the VR. Both were scrapped. To supply troops in France, 495 4-6-0PTs were built to the order of the British War Department in 1916/7. After the war surplus locomotives were sold, finding new uses in France, Britain and India. In Britain examples were used on the Ashover Light Railway , Glyn Valley Tramway , Snailbeach District Railways and

1200-721: A voluntary bankruptcy for Whitcomb with Baldwin gaining complete control and creating a new subsidiary, the Whitcomb Locomotive Company. This action would lead to financial losses, an ugly court battle between Baldwin and William Whitcomb, the former owner of the company, and bankruptcy for both parties. Baldwin lost its dominant position in electric locomotives when the Pennsylvania Railroad selected General Electric 's design for what became its GG1 class instead of Baldwin's design in 1934. When Baldwin emerged from bankruptcy in 1938 it underwent

1280-533: A weekly rival to The Engineer using funds provided by Henry Bessemer , the English engineer and inventor known chiefly in connection with the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel. Engineering was an instant success and soon overtook The Engineer as Colburn’s writing style and wide engineering knowledge gave readers the information they needed. Colburn was the nephew of his namesake, Zerah Colburn ,

1360-542: A wholly owned subsidiary of Armour & Company . Greyhound Corporation purchased Armour & Company in 1970, and the decision was made to liquidate all production. In 1972 Greyhound closed Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton for good. The replacement and renewal parts business was acquired by Ecolaire Inc and became the Baldwin-Hamilton Company - A Division of Ecolaire Inc. and lasted till 1991 to receive license fees from other companies using their designs, which

1440-676: Is on display at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. On a separate note, the restored and running 2-6-2 steam locomotive at Fort Edmonton Park was built by Baldwin in 1919. There are many Baldwin built steam locomotives currently operating in the United States, Canada, and several other countries around the world. Out of all the Baldwin built steam locomotives that are operational or have operated in recent years,

1520-561: Is one of the few surviving tender locomotives in Luzon . Baldwin built locomotives for narrow-gauge railways as well. Some of the more notable series built for the Denver & Rio Grande Western were outside-framed 2-8-2 "Mikados": Fifteen class K-27 's, originally built as Vauclain compounds in 1903, ten class K-36 's built in 1925, and ten class K-37 's originally built as standard-gauge 2-8-0s in 1902 but rebuilt for narrow gauge in

1600-734: Is preserved is a steam dummy, built for Sydney Tramways, in 1891, and preserved in operational condition, at Auckland 's Museum of Transport & Technology . A six-ton, 60-cm gauge 4-4-0 built for the Tacubaya Railroad in 1897 was the smallest ever built by Baldwin for commercial use. In the late 1890s, many British builders were recovering from an engineers' strike over working hours, leaving backlogs of orders yet to be fulfilled. This prompted British railways that were in immediate need for additional motive power to turn to Baldwin and other US builders. Examples of engines built in response include three batches of 2-6-0 tender engines for

1680-546: The American Railroad Journal , the leading American railroad newspaper. Colburn, who had a fiery temper, parted from this publication after a dispute with the editor and launched his own weekly paper – the Railroad Advocate . The Advocate increased his sphere of influence and paved the way for a partnership with a young man, of similar age – Alexander Lyman Holley . Together they developed

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1760-614: The Institutions of Civil and Mechanical Engineers and became a member of both. He gave frequent lectures and contributed at meetings. It is almost certain that while in London Colburn met Isambard Kingdom Brunel . In 1860, Colburn returned to America on the maiden voyage of the Great Eastern , Brunel's leviathan steamship. In America he launched a new weekly engineering newspaper, The Engineer , but this lasted only

1840-626: The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), which stepped up its activities. The ICC was given the power to set maximum railroad rates, and to replace existing rates with "just-and-reasonable" maximum rates, as defined by the ICC. The limitation on railroad rates depreciated the value of railroad securities, and meant that railroads stopped ordering new equipment, including locomotives. The Panic of 1907 in turn disrupted finance and investment in new plants. Both of these events had

1920-580: The Midland Railway , Great Central Railway , and Great Northern Railway , respectively, as well as the Lyn , a 2-4-2T (tank locomotive) for the 1 ft 11.5 in (597 mm) gauge Lynton & Barnstaple Railway in England in 1898. The Cape Government Railways of South Africa also bought engines from Baldwin as a result of the strikes. Unfortunately, many of these engines were unpopular with

2000-618: The Palestine Railways H class . After the boom years of World War I and its aftermath, Baldwin's business would decline as the Great Depression gripped the country and diesel locomotives became the growth market on American railways towards the end of the 1930s. During the 1920s the major locomotive manufacturers had strong incentives to maintain the dominance of the steam engine. The Baldwin-Westinghouse consortium, which had produced electric locomotives since 1904,

2080-448: The Pennsylvania Railroad , which saw its traffic soar, as Baldwin produced more than 100 engines for carriers during the 1861–1865 war. By the time Matthias Baldwin died in 1866, his company was vying with Rogers Locomotive & Machine Works for the top spot among locomotive producers. By 1870 Baldwin had taken the lead and a decade later, it was producing 2 1 ⁄ 2 times as many engines as its nearest competitor, according to

2160-689: The United States Navy and manufactured 6,565,355 artillery shells for Russia, Great Britain and the United States. From 1915 to 1918, Remington Arms subcontracted the production of nearly 2 million Pattern 1914 Enfield and M1917 Enfield rifles to the Baldwin Locomotive Works. Baldwin expanded its Eddystone, Pennsylvania works into the Eddystone Arsenal , which manufactured most of these rifles and artillery shells before being converted to locomotive shops when

2240-632: The Welsh Highland Railway . The Welsh Highland Railway in Wales bought No 590, in 1923. It was apparently unpopular with crews although photographs show that it was used regularly until the railway was closed. It was scrapped in 1941 when the derelict railway's assets were requisitioned for the war effort. Some of the surviving examples in India have since been imported to the UK, one of which by

2320-435: The 1850s. Following the panic of 1857 , the paper had to close. The duo visited Britain to compile a massive report about the successful state of Europe ’s railways to sell to the presidents of America’s railroads. The report was a success, but by 1858 Colburn returned to England to take up a job as editor of The Engineer , Britain’s leading weekly technical journal. In this position, Colburn made friends with members of

2400-424: The 1920s and 1930s, and its application of model design standardization (yielding lower unit costs) and marketing lessons learned in the automotive industry, were the principal reason for EMC's competitive advantage in the late 1940s and afterward (clearly implying that the wartime production assignments were merely nails in a coffin that Baldwin and Lima had already built for themselves before the war). In his telling,

2480-421: The 1930s drew to a close, Baldwin's coal-country customers such as Pennsylvania Railroad, Chesapeake & Ohio , and Norfolk & Western , were more reluctant than other operators to embrace a technology which could undermine the demand for one of their main hauling markets. All three continued to acquire passenger steam locomotives into the early postwar years, as dieselization was gaining momentum elsewhere in

Baldwin DRS-4-4-1500 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2560-569: The 1950s, Baldwins applied but failed when EMD won the contract instead. Surprisingly only one NZR Baldwin product was operational, a class Wd 2-6-4 tank locomotive operated at the Ferrymead railway in Christchurch until it was taken out of service for repairs, the remains of a WMR 2-6-2 N, NZR 4-6-0 Ub, and two NZR 2-6-2 Wb tank locomotives and one Wd tank locomotive are in the early stages of restoration. Another steam locomotive that

2640-665: The D&;RGW shops in 1928. Several of all these classes survive, and most are operating today on the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad and the Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad . New Zealand Railways (NZR) was a major customer from 1879 when it imported six T class based on the Denver & Rio Grande locomotives due to their similar rail gauge. The next was a double emergency order of six N class and six O class after

2720-533: The DM&;IR refused to part with them; they hauled ore trains well into the diesel era, and the last one retired in 1963. Three have been preserved. One of Baldwin's last new and improved locomotive designs were the 4-8-4 "Northern" locomotives. Baldwin's last domestic steam locomotives were 2-6-6-2s built for the Chesapeake & Ohio in 1949. Baldwin 60000 , the company's 1926 demonstration steam locomotive,

2800-698: The GM Research Corporation led by Charles Kettering , and the GM subsidiaries Winton Engine Corporation and Electro-Motive Corporation. Baldwin made steam engines for domestic US railroads, the US Army, British railways, and made around one thousand E or Ye type engines for the Soviet Union in the Lend Lease arrangement (of an order of 2000 or so engines with other builders contributing to

2880-609: The Great Depression thwarted these efforts, eventually leading Baldwin to declare bankruptcy in 1935. At the invitation of the owners of the Geo D. Whitcomb Company , a small manufacturer of gasoline and diesel industrial locomotives in Rochelle, Illinois , Baldwin agreed to participate in a recapitalization program, purchasing about half of the issued stock. By March 1931 the small firm was in financial trouble and Baldwin filed

2960-457: The R&;D needed to adapt earlier diesels (best suited to marine and stationary use) to locomotive use (more flexible output; higher power-to-weight ratio; more reliable given more vibration and less maintenance) was a capital-intensive project that almost no one among the railroad owners or locomotive builders was willing (latter) or able (former) to invest in during the 1920s and 1930s except for

3040-567: The S1, they still had many of the problems of the S1, and additional mechanical problems related to their unique valve design. The whole S1-T1 venture resulted in losses for PRR and investment in a dead-end development effort for Baldwin at a critical time for both companies. In the early 1940s Baldwin embarked upon its efforts to develop steam turbine power, producing the S2 direct-drive turbine locomotive in 1944. Baldwin's steam turbine program failed to produce

3120-490: The U.S. Manufacturing Census. In 1897 the Baldwin Locomotive Works was presented as one of the examples of successful shop management in a series of articles by Horace Lucian Arnold . The article specifically described the Piece Rate System used in the shop management. Burton (1899) commented, that "in the Baldwin Locomotive Works... piecework rates are seldom altered... Some rates have remained unchanged for

3200-713: The Welsh Highland Railway Ltd. who has restored it to represent the scrapped 590. Other Baldwin 4-6-0PT's imported from India include one owned by the Leighton Buzzard Light Railway based Greensand Railway Trust that has been restored to working order, as well as two acquired by the Statfold Barn Railway in March 2013. Zerah Colburn (locomotive designer) Zerah Colburn (January 13, 1832 – April 26, 1870)

3280-553: The Whitcomb Locomotive Company, produced hundreds of 65-ton diesel electric locomotives for the Army and received the Army–Navy "E" award for production. Baldwin ranked 40th among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. Between 1940 and 1948, domestic steam locomotive sales declined from 30 percent of the market to 2 percent. By 1949, there was no demand for steam locomotives. Baldwin's attempts to adapt to

Baldwin DRS-4-4-1500 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-458: The changed market for road locomotives had been unsuccessful; the reliability of their offerings was unsatisfactory, epitomized by notorious failures such as its Centipede diesel locomotives and their steam turbine-electric locomotives, which proved to be money pits unsuited for their intended service. In July 1948 Westinghouse Electric , which had teamed with Baldwin to build diesel and electric locomotives and wanted to keep their main customer in

3440-573: The company moved all locomotive production to this location, though the plant would never exceed more than one-third of its production capacity. Baldwin was an important contributor to the Allied war effort in World War I . Baldwin built 5,551 locomotives for the Allies including separate designs for Russian, French, British and United States trench railways . Baldwin built railway gun carriages for

3520-566: The crews due to their designs being atypical, and many, including all of those built for the three standard gauge British railways and the Lynton and Barnstaple's Lyn, were scrapped when no longer needed. A replica of the latter locomotive has been constructed for the revived Lynton & Barnstaple Railway. Also during the late 1890s, two 2-6-2T tank engines N A class were built for the Victorian Railways (VR). They were used as

3600-430: The diesel locomotive field with the onset of the Great Depression, opting to supply electrical parts instead. The early, unsuccessful efforts of Baldwin-Westinghouse in developing diesel-electric locomotion for mainline service led Baldwin in the 1930s to discount the possibility that diesel could replace steam. In 1930 Samuel Vauclain, chairman of the board, stated in a speech that advances in steam technology would ensure

3680-556: The diesel market, Baldwin delivered one steam turbine-electric locomotive to the Norfolk & Western , which proved unsatisfactory in service. The last batch of conventional steam locomotives built by BLH were WG class 9100-9149 as BLH 76039-76088 built in 1955 for the Indian Railways broad gauge. After locomotive production ended, Hamilton continued to develop and produce engines for other purposes. Baldwin engine production

3760-505: The divorce petition filed against him by his wife Elizabeth, Colburn is accused of infecting her with syphilis, physical abuse, and adultery with five different prostitutes. Colburn, sensing the impending shame offered by Fleet Street journalists and their diligence to seek out and publish the truth, became depressed and reckless, leading to his return to the U.S. – where he found himself disowned by his wife Adelaide Felicita Colburn and daughter Sarah Pearl – and eventual suicide at age 38. He

3840-515: The dominance of the steam engine until at least 1980. Baldwin's vice president and Director of Sales stated in December 1937 that "Some time in the future, when all this is reviewed, it will be found that our railroads are no more dieselized than they electrified". Baldwin had deep roots in the steam locomotive industry and may have been influenced by heavy investment in its Eddystone plant, which had left them overextended financially and operating at

3920-640: The early 1850s began paying workers piece-rate pay. By 1857, the company turned out 66 locomotives and employed 600 men. But another economic downturn, this time the Panic of 1857 , cut into business again. Output fell by 50 percent in 1858. The Civil War at first appeared disastrous for Baldwin. According to John K. Brown in The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831–1915: A Study in American Industrial Practice , at

4000-529: The last domestic steam locomotive Baldwin built, Chesapeake and Ohio 1309 . In Australia, five of the twenty 59 class Baldwin 2-8-2s which entered service in 1952/53 survive. Pampanga Sugar Development Company (PASUDECO) No. 2 is in static display as the Riverland Express at Riverbanks Center mall in Marikina , Philippines as of October 2022. It is a 2-6-0 built in 1928 by Baldwin and

4080-464: The locomotives Colburn also began to write and before long compiled his first regular newssheet – Monthly Mechanical Tracts . As he moved about the locomotive works of New England gathering experience and an eye for engineering detail, he also produced his first book, The Throttle Lever . Designed as an introduction to the steam locomotive, this became the standard U.S. textbook on building locomotives. It not only took Colburn, then not 20, deeper into

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4160-418: The most recognized locomotives are Reading 2101 , Reading 2102 , Grand Canyon Railway 4960 , Frisco 1522 , Frisco 1630 , Nickel Plate Road 587 , Blue Mountain and Reading 425 , Western Maryland Scenic Railroad 734 , Southern Pacific 2467 , Southern Pacific 2472 , Spokane, Portland and Seattle 700 , Southern Railway 4501 , the oldest surviving 4-8-4 Northern type steam locomotive, Santa Fe 3751 , and

4240-421: The outside frame was made of wood. The 30 inches (0.76 m) diameter boiler took 20 minutes to raise steam. Top speed was 28 mph (45 km/h). Baldwin struggled to survive the Panic of 1837 . Production fell from 40 locomotives in 1837 to just nine in 1840 and the company was heavily in debt. As part of the survival strategy, Matthias Baldwin took on two partners, George Vail and George Hufty. Although

4320-577: The paper but Colburn, ever restless, sold half to Holley, then took off West to start a venture with a sawmill and then tried his hand at selling railroad tires. Returning from a visit to England as the Advocate ’s roving reporter, he and Holley relaunched the Advocate as American Engineer . From the first issue to the last, it remained a weekly paper reporting technical and business aspects of locomotive manufacture and railroad operation in America in

4400-565: The partnerships proved relatively short-lived, they helped Baldwin pull through the economic hard times. Zerah Colburn was one of many engineers who had a close association with Baldwin Locomotive Works. Between 1854 (and the start of his weekly paper, the Railroad Advocate ) and 1861, when Colburn went to work more or less permanently in London , England, the journalist was in frequent touch with M. W. Baldwin, as recorded in Zerah Colburn: The Spirit of Darkness. Colburn

4480-601: The past twenty years, and a workman is there more highly esteemed when he can, by his own exertions and ability, increase his weekly earnings. He has an absolute incentive to increase his output as much as he possibly can, because he knows that he will not, by increasing his own income, lead to cutting piece-work rates, and so be forced to make still further exertions in order to maintain the same weekly wage." Initially, Baldwin built many more steam locomotives at its cramped 196-acre (0.79 km ) Broad Street Philadelphia shop but would begin an incremental shift in production to

4560-592: The postwar market. During World War II Baldwin's contributions to the war effort included not only locomotives and switchers but also tanks . Baldwin was one of the manufacturers of several variants of the M3 tank (M3 Lee, M3A2, M3A3, M3A5) and later the M4 Sherman (M4, M4A2). The company also built the M6 Heavy Tank , a prototype trialed by the US Army which never saw operational use. A Baldwin subsidiary,

4640-570: The rail industry afloat, purchased 500,000 shares, or 21 percent, of Baldwin stock, which made Westinghouse Baldwin's largest shareholder. Baldwin used the money to cover various debts. Westinghouse vice president Marvin Smith became Baldwin's president in May 1949. In a move to diversify into the construction equipment market, Baldwin merged with Lima-Hamilton on December 4, 1950, to become Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton. However, Lima-Hamilton's locomotive technology

4720-605: The rail industry. In the late 1930s Baldwin and the Pennsylvania Railroad made an all-in bet on the future of steam in passenger rail service with Baldwin's duplex-drive S1 locomotive . It proved difficult to operate, prone to slipping, costly to maintain, and unsuited for its intended service. Baldwin developed a revision of the same basic design with the T1 , introduced in 1943. While the T1s could operate on more tracks than

4800-624: The start of the conflict Baldwin had a great dependence on Southern railways as its primary market. In 1860, nearly 80 percent of Baldwin's output went to carriers in states that would soon secede from the Union. As a result, Baldwin's production in 1861 fell more than 50 percent compared to the previous year. However, the loss in Southern sales was counterbalanced by purchases by the United States Military Railroads and

4880-496: The substantial increase in the size of the locomotives being manufactured, and the formation of the American Locomotive Company, an aggressive competitor which eventually became known simply as Alco . From 1904 to 1943, Baldwin and Westinghouse marketed Baldwin-Westinghouse electric locomotives and A.C. electrification of railroads, particularly to the New Haven Railroad . In 1906 the Hepburn Act authorized greater governmental authority over railroad companies, and revitalized

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4960-409: The successor model. This diesel locomotive-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Baldwin Locomotive Works The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades

5040-458: The time exclusively purchased Baldwin products after facing the same difficulties with British builders the NZR had. The Wellington & Manawatu Railway (1881–1909) operated small fleets of 2-8-0 (4), 2-6-2 (6), 2-8-2 (1), 4-6-0 (2) and a large 2-8-4 (1) tank locomotive. When the NZR took over the railway, its fleet was absorbed into sub-classes of those operating already in the main fleet. When NZR placed tenders for diesel locomotives in

5120-444: The total). Baldwin obtained a short-term market boost from naval demand for diesel engines and the petroleum crisis of 1942–43 , which boosted demand for their coal-fired steam locomotives while acquisition of EMD's diesel locomotives was in its most restricted period. In 1943 Baldwin launched its belated road diesel program, producing a prototype "Centipede" locomotive which was later rebuilt to introduce their first major product in

5200-405: The turn of the 20th century with the last retiring as late as 1958. A requirement for a larger firebox version of the class ended up creating a whole new locomotive with the birth of the 4-6-2 wheel arrangement, the Pacific was born. They were classed as Q class and remained in use until 1957. Being a new type of locomotive, the Q class had their shortcomings but eventually performed well. In 1914

5280-406: The war ended. Following the war Baldwin continued to supply export orders, as the European powers strove to replace large numbers of locomotives either worn out or destroyed during the war, as European locomotive factories were still re-tooling from armaments production back to railroad production. In 1919 and 1920 Baldwin supplied 50 4-6-0 locomotives to the Palestine Military Railway that became

5360-577: The workmen had to be taught how to do nearly all the work; and Baldwin did a great deal of it himself. The locomotive Old Ironsides was completed and successfully tested on the Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad on November 23, 1832. It worked the line for over 20 years. It weighed a little over five tons with four 54 inches (1.4 m) diameter driving wheels and 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (24 cm) bore by 18 inches (46 cm) stroke cylinders. The wheels had heavy cast iron hubs, with wooden spokes and rims and wrought iron tires, and

5440-451: The world of publishing, but also earned him wider respect amongst railroad men across America – locomotive builders and train operators. Colburn worked or was associated with a number of locomotive works between 1854 and 1858, including: Baldwin Locomotive Works , Tredegar Locomotive Works – part of Tredegar Iron Works at Richmond, Virginia , Rogers Locomotive Works , and the New Jersey Locomotive and Machine Company . In 1853 he joined

5520-405: The world's largest producer of steam locomotives , but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives . Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation. The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales , Australia,

5600-560: Was also well known for the unique cab-forward 4-8-8-2 articulateds built for the Southern Pacific Company and massive 2-10-2 for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway . Baldwin also produced their most powerful steam engines in history, the 2-8-8-4 "Yellowstone" for the Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway . The Yellowstone could put down over 140,000 lbf (622.8 kN) of Tractive force . They routinely hauled 180 car trains weighing over 18,000 short tons (16,071 long tons; 16,329 t). The Yellowstones were so good that

5680-413: Was an American publisher and engineer specialising in steam locomotive design, technical journalist. Without any formal schooling, Colburn was a teenage prodigy. Barely in his teens at the start of the railroad boom, he found work in Lowell, Massachusetts as an apprentice in the "drafting room" of the Lowell Machine Shops where America’s first steam locomotives were taking shape. While working among

5760-625: Was asked to build others like it. The original engine was in use and powered many departments of the works for well over 60 years, and is currently on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. In 1831. Baldwin built a miniature locomotive for exhibition at the request of the Philadelphia Museum, which was such a success that he received an order from a railway company for a locomotive to run on

5840-525: Was assigned the task of producing road freight diesels (namely, the FT series). EMC's distinct advantage over its competitors in that product line in the years that followed World War II, due to the head start in diesel R&D and production, is beyond doubt, however, assigning it solely to WPB directives is questionable. Longtime GM chairman Alfred Sloan presented a timeline in his memoir that belies this assumption, saying that GM's diesel-engine R&D efforts of

5920-443: Was completed in the late 1920s. The American railroad industry expanded significantly between 1898 and 1907, with domestic demand for locomotives hitting its highest point in 1905. Baldwin's business boomed during this period while it modernized its Broad Street facilities. Despite this boom, Baldwin faced many challenges, including the constraints of space in the Philadelphia facility, inflation, increased labor costs, Labor tensions,

6000-454: Was full of praise for the quality of Baldwin's work. In the 1850s, railroad building became a national obsession, with many new carriers starting up, particularly in the Midwest and South. While this helped drive up demand for Baldwin products, it also increased competition as more companies entered the locomotive production field. Still, Baldwin had trouble keeping pace with orders and in

6080-578: Was in fact the first American locomotive builder to develop a road diesel locomotive, in 1925. Its twin-engine design was not successful, and the unit was scrapped after a short testing and demonstration period. Westinghouse and Baldwin collaborated again in 1929 to build switching and road locomotives (the latter through Baldwin's subsidiary Canadian Locomotive Company ). The road locomotives, Canadian National class V1-a , No. 9000 and No. 9001, proved expensive, unreliable, frequently out of service, and were soon retired. Westinghouse cancelled its efforts in

6160-425: Was lucrative. When the licenses ran out, all remaining parts were distributed, and the company dissolved. Baldwin built many 4-4-0 "American" type locomotives (the locomotive that built America). Surviving examples of which include the 1872 Countess of Dufferin and 1875's Virginia & Truckee Railroad No.22 "Inyo" , but it was perhaps best known for the 2-8-2 "Mikado" and 2-8-0 "Consolidation" types. It

6240-508: Was not published in its final form until 1871 – a year after his death. It was completed by the well-known locomotive engineer D. K. Clark , a close friend of Colburn's. In 1864 he was awarded a Telford Medal by the Institution of Civil Engineers for his paper "On American Iron Bridges" In 1869 he received a second Telford Medal for "On American Locomotives and Rolling Stock". In 1866, Colburn founded Engineering in London as

6320-797: Was shifted to the Hamilton plant, but in 1960 the Hamilton engines ceased production, the plant was shuttered, and Baldwin engine production moved back to Eddystone. The last locomotives produced by Baldwin were three experimental RP-210 dual power passenger locomotives for the New York Central and New York, New Haven, & Hartford rail lines in 1956. In 1956, after 125 years of continuous locomotive production, Baldwin closed most of its Eddystone plant and ceased producing locomotives. The company instead concentrated on production of heavy construction equipment. More than 70,500 locomotives had been built when production ended. In 1965 Baldwin became

6400-421: Was unused after the merger and market share continued to dwindle. By January, 1952 Baldwin closed its factory in Rochelle, Illinois and consolidated Whitcomb production at Eddystone. In 1953 Westinghouse discontinued building electrical traction equipment, so Baldwin was forced to reconfigure their drive systems based on General Electric equipment. In 1954, during which time they were being virtually shut out of

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