115-599: Neil Richard Balnaves AO (5 May 1944 – 21 February 2022) was an Australian media executive and arts philanthropist. His production companies were responsible for bringing Big Brother and Bananas in Pyjamas to Australian television screens. He turned to philanthropy after a life-threatening accident in 2002, and founded the Balnaves Foundation in 2006, which by the time of his death had given A$ 20 million to arts organisations. Neil Richard Balnaves
230-631: A pentapolis consisting of Gaza , Ashdod, Ashkelon, Ekron and Gath. Whether or not historians are inclined to accept the historicity of the old canonical books of the Hebrew nation, their writers describe a series of conflicts between the Philistines and the Israelites during the period of the Judges , and, allegedly, the Philistines exercised lordship over Israel in the days of Saul and Samuel
345-465: A European-related admixture; this genetic signal is no longer detectable in the later Iron Age population. According to the authors, the admixture was likely due to a " gene flow from a European-related gene pool" during the Bronze to Iron Age transition, which supports the theory that a migration event occurred. Philistine DNA shows similarities to that of ancient Cretans, but it is impossible to specify
460-600: A bow on the left shoulder, although they may wear the same insignia as males if so desired. A gold lapel pin for daily wear is issued with each badge of the order at the time of investiture; AK/AD and AC lapel pins feature a citrine central jewel, AO and AM lapel pins have a blue enamelled centre and OAM lapel pins are plain. The different levels of the order are awarded according to the recipients' levels of achievement: Since 1976 any Australian citizen may nominate any person for an Order of Australia award. People who are not Australian citizens may be awarded honorary membership of
575-561: A challenge to take the prime ministership in September 2015. Two months after coming into office, the new republican prime minister announced that the Queen had approved his request to amend the Order's letters patent and cease awards at this level. Existing titles would not be affected. The move was attacked by monarchists and praised by republicans. The amendments to the constitution of
690-598: A corruption of the Greek phyle -histia ('tribe of the hearth '), with the Ionic spelling of hestia . Stephanos Vogazianos (1993) states that Jones "only answers problems by analogy and he mainly speculates" but notes that the root phyle may not at all be out of place. Regarding this theory, Israel Finkelstein & Nadav Na'aman (1994) note the hearth constructions which have been discovered at Tell Qasile and Ekron . According to Joshua 13:3 and 1 Samuel 6:17,
805-617: A distinctive material culture. The English term Philistine comes from Old French Philistin ; from Classical Latin Philistinus ; from Late Greek Philistinoi ; from Koine Greek Φυλιστιειμ ( Philistiim ), ultimately from Hebrew Pəlištī ( פְּלִשְׁתִּי ; plural Pəlištīm , פְּלִשְׁתִּים ), meaning 'people of Pəlešeṯ ' ( פְּלֶשֶׁת ). The name also had cognates in Akkadian Palastu and Egyptian Palusata . The native Philistine endonym
920-502: A geographical region known as Caphtor (possibly Crete/ Minoa ), although the Hebrew chronicles also state that the Philistines were descended from Casluhim , one of the 7 sons of Ham's second son, Miṣrayim . The Septuagint connects the Philistines to other biblical groups such as Caphtorim and the Cherethites and Pelethites , which have been identified with the island of Crete . These traditions, among other things, have led to
1035-823: A grant to Guardian Australia specifically for "in-depth reporting on Indigenous affairs, and an in-depth reporting project on Australian arts". Balnaves also helped to fund Sculpture by the Sea in Sydney, and Australian presentations at the Venice Biennale in a partnership with the Australia Council . He supported the START program at AGSA in Adelaide, giving families with children access to gallery events each week. He believed that governments' attitude towards
1150-579: A long relationship with UNSW, by 2020 having given almost A$ 5.5 million, which included allocations for Indigenous medical scholarships and for funding the UNSW Indigenous Law Centre. In 2021, the foundation helped to fund Unsettled , an exhibition on the colonisation of Australia through Indigenous perspectives mounted at the Australian Museum in Sydney, enabling free entry to for the more than 70,000 visitors. Balnaves
1265-589: A member of the British Empire, members of the colonies and later federated nation of Australia were able to have achievement awarded under the British Imperial Honours system . However, existing criticism of the aristocratic nature of the awards grew following a cash-for-honours corruption scandal in the UK in 1922. Moves to abolish the awards federally and the states were unsuccessful; however
SECTION 10
#17327800837031380-860: A number of events, enabling people with a Pension or Health Care Card ro purchase tickets for $ 5 each. In 2020, the Balnaves Foundation gave A$ 1.25 million to the Indigenous Law Centre at UNSW to establish a term chair, known as the Balnaves Chair in Constitutional Law , to allow Professor Megan Davis to continue the work of the Uluru Statement from the Heart . The chair was named in honour of Alexandra Balnaves, who died in 2019. The foundation had had
1495-585: A representation of the states (with whom Whitlam's government was constantly in dispute) through the state badges within the Commonwealth Coat of Arms . The original three-level structure of the Order of Australia was modelled closely upon the Order of Canada , though the Order of Australia has been awarded rather more liberally, especially in regard to honorary awards to non-citizens. As of July 2024 only 30 non-Canadians have been appointed to
1610-489: A series of inscriptions in his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu . Scholars have been unable to conclusively determine which images match what peoples described in the reliefs depicting two major battle scenes. A separate relief on one of the bases of the Osiris pillars with an accompanying hieroglyphic text clearly identifying the person depicted as a captive Peleset chief is of a bearded man without headdress. This has led to
1725-537: A while and not being able to walk for a year after his 2002 boating accident led to an interest in health and medicine. Having Aboriginal neighbours as a child fostered his interest in Indigenous cultures of Australia. Balnaves established the Balnaves Foundation in 2006, to support the arts, education, and research into medical and social justice issues in Australia. Balnaves said that it was important to him that
1840-444: Is a convex golden disc decorated with citrines, with a blue royally crowned inner disc bearing an image of the coat of arms of Australia. The ribbon of the order is royal blue with a central stripe of mimosa blossoms. Awards in the military division are edged with 1.5 mm golden bands. AKs, male ACs and AOs wear their badges on a necklet and male AMs and OAMs wear them on a ribbon on the left chest. Women usually wear their badges on
1955-531: Is a large, well-constructed building covering 240 square metres (2,600 sq ft), discovered at Ekron. Its walls are broad, designed to support a second story, and its wide, elaborate entrance leads to a large hall, partly covered with a roof supported on a row of columns. In the floor of the hall is a circular hearth paved with pebbles, as is typical in Mycenaean megaron hall buildings; other unusual architectural features are paved benches and podiums. Among
2070-434: Is a registered charity, whose stated purpose is "[t]o celebrate and promote outstanding Australian citizenship". It also supports the "community and social activities" of members and promotes and encourages the nomination of other Australians to the Order. The Order also runs a foundation that provides scholarships to tertiary students that show potential as future leaders and are involved in community activities. Branches of
2185-457: Is debate among interpreters as to whether Genesis 10:13-14 was intended to signify that the Philistines were the offspring of the Caphtorim or Casluhim. Some interpreters, such as Friedrich Schwally , Bernhard Stade , and Cornelis Tiele have argued for a third, Semitic origin. According to rabbinic sources, the name Philistines designated two separate groups; those said to descend from
2300-563: Is likely to feel a bit second-rate, and the public is likely to agree. We hate to be the first to say it, but there is no doubt that the Order of Australia (OA) will be labelled as the Ocker Award. Satire and mockery also greeted the awards, being dubbed "Gough’s Gongs" and "the Order of the Wombat". The newly elected Liberal Fraser government decided to once again make recommendations for imperial awards, whilst maintaining and expanding
2415-798: Is not entirely certain, although the site of Tell es-Safi , not far from Ekron, is currently the most favoured. The identity of the city of Ziklag , which according to the Bible marked the border between the Philistine and Israelite territory, remains uncertain. In the western part of the Jezreel Valley , 23 of the 26 Iron Age I sites (12th to 10th centuries BC) yielded typical Philistine pottery. These sites include Tel Megiddo , Tel Yokneam , Tel Qiri , Afula , Tel Qashish , Be'er Tiveon, Hurvat Hazin, Tel Risim, Tel Re'ala, Hurvat Tzror, Tel Sham, Midrakh Oz and Tel Zariq. Scholars have attributed
SECTION 20
#17327800837032530-596: Is unknown. During the Late Bronze Age collapse , an apparent confederation of seafarers known as the Sea Peoples are recorded as attacking ancient Egypt and other Eastern Mediterranean civilizations. While their exact origins are a mystery, and probably diverse, it is generally agreed that the Sea Peoples had origins in the greater Southern European and West Asian area, including western Asia Minor,
2645-627: The Aegean " Pelasgians ." Archaeological research to date has been unable to corroborate a mass settlement of Philistines during the Ramesses III era. A Walistina is mentioned in Luwian texts already variantly spelled Palistina . This implies dialectical variation, a phoneme ("f"?) inadequately described in the script, or both. Falistina was a kingdom somewhere on the Amuq plain, where
2760-670: The Aegean , and the islands of the East Mediterranean. Egypt, in particular, repelled numerous attempted invasions from the Sea Peoples, most famously at the Battle of the Delta ( c. 1175 BC), where pharaoh Ramesses III defeated a massive invasion force which had already plundered Hattusa , Carchemish , Cyprus , and the Southern Levant . Egyptian sources name one of these implicated Sea Peoples as
2875-604: The Amurru kingdom had held sway before it. In 2003, a statue of a king named Taita bearing inscriptions in Luwian was discovered during excavations conducted by German archaeologist Kay Kohlmeyer in the Citadel of Aleppo . The new readings of Anatolian hieroglyphs proposed by the Hittitologists Elisabeth Rieken and Ilya Yakubovich were conducive to the conclusion that the country ruled by Taita
2990-488: The Australian Labor Party remained opposed and generally refused to recommend awards whilst in office, with this a part of the party's platform since 1918. This was confirmed in a resolution adopted unanimously by the party conference in 1921. However, the non-Labor parties remained supportive, with the long running Menzies government making significant use of the imperial system. The Order of Australia
3105-648: The Books of Judges and Samuel . Based on the LXX's regular translation as "foreigners", Robert Drews states that the term "Philistines" means simply "non-Israelites of the Promised Land " when used in the context of Samson, Saul and David. Judges 13 :1 tells that the Philistines dominated the Israelites in the times of Samson, who fought and killed over a thousand. According to 1 Samuel 5 , they even captured
3220-567: The Judges . The quantity of Philistine pottery within these sites is still quite small, showing that even if the Philistines did settle the valley, they were a minority that blended within the Canaanite population during the 12th century BC. The Philistines seem to have been present in the southern valley during the 11th century, which may relate to the biblical account of their victory at the Battle of Gilboa . Since Edward Hincks and William Osburn Jr. in 1846, biblical scholars have connected
3335-707: The Murasu Archive at Nippur . These records, which link individuals to cities like Gaza and Ashkelon, highlight a continued sense of ethnic identity among the Philistines who were exiled in Babylonia . These instances represent the last known mentions of the Philistines, marking the end of their presence in historical accounts. During the Persian period, the region of Philistia saw resettlement, with its inhabitants being identified as Phoenicians , although evidence for continuity from earlier, Iron Age traditions in
3450-590: The Peleset together with a people called the Teresh , who sailed "in the midst of the sea". The Teresh are thought to have originated from the Anatolian coast and their association with the Peleset in this inscription is seen as providing some information on the possible origin and identity of the Philistines. The Harris Papyrus, which was found in a tomb at Medinet Habu, also recalls Ramesses III's battles with
3565-599: The Septuagint , the term allophiloi ( Greek : ἀλλόφυλοι ), which means simply "other nations", is used instead of "Philistines". Theologian Matthew Poole suggests that Casluhim and Caphtorim were brother tribes who lived in the same territory. However, the Capthorim enslaved the Cashluhim and their Philistine descendants, forcing the latter to flee to Canaan, according to Amos 9:7. The Torah does not record
Neil Balnaves - Misplaced Pages Continue
3680-615: The Sydney Opera House per year, for welfare recipients and pensioners to access the arts there. In 2010, the Balnaves Foundation Australian Sculpture Archive was established at AGNSW "to acquire the archives of major Australian sculptors and to extend research in three-dimensional practice". In 2011, the foundation started providing support for two Indigenous-led works per year at Belvoir St Theatre in Sydney. It also created
3795-809: The Taft-Hardie Group . Balnaves died on 21 February 2022 in a boating accident while holidaying with his wife, Diane, in Tahiti . He was survived by Diane and children Hamish and Victoria. Their sister Alexandra had died after a long illness in 2019. It was after a near-death experience caused by a boating accident on the Gold Coast, Queensland in 2002 that Balnaves turned to philanthropy. He sustained injuries which caused pain and inhibited his ability to travel, so he sold Endemol. He married Diane in 1971, and he ascribes his love of arts to her influence. Growing up with polio, and being on life support for
3910-845: The definite article in the Torah. Rabbinic sources state that the Philistines of Genesis were different people from the Philistines of the Deuteronomistic history (the series of books from Joshua to 2 Kings ). According to the Talmud , Chullin 60b, the Philistines of Genesis intermingled with the Avvites . This differentiation was also held by the authors of the Septuagint (LXX), who translated (rather than transliterated ) its base text as "foreigners" ( Koinē Greek : ἀλλόφυλοι , romanized: allóphylloi , lit. 'other nations') instead of "Philistines" throughout
4025-574: The pwrꜣsꜣtj , generally transliterated as either Peleset or Pulasti . Following the Sea Peoples' defeat, Ramesses III allegedly relocated a number of the pwrꜣsꜣtj to southern Canaan , as recorded in an inscription from his funerary temple in Medinet Habu , and the Great Harris Papyrus . Though archaeological investigation has been unable to correlate any such settlement existing during this time period, this, coupled with
4140-401: The "men of Gaza" or Ashkelon for roughly 150 years, until they finally lost their distinct ethnic identity. Babylonian ration lists dating back to the early 6th century BC, which mention the offspring of Aga, the ultimate ruler of Ashkelon, provide clues to the eventual fate of the Philistines. This evidence is further illuminated by documents from the latter half of the 5th century BC found in
4255-474: The 435 people who have received the nation's top Order of Australia honours since they were first awarded in 1975, shows they disproportionately attended a handful of elite Victorian secondary schools. Scotch College alumni received the highest number of awards, with 19 former students receiving Australia's [then] highest honour". On 26 January 1980 the Order of Australia Association was created as an incorporated body with membership open to award recipients. It
4370-588: The Arameans' expansion into the Land of Israel on account of his alliance with the southern Philistine kings, as well as with Toi, king of Ḥamath, who is identified with Tai(ta) II, king of Palistin (the northern Sea Peoples). However, the relation between Palistin and the Philistines is much debated. Israeli professor Itamar Singer notes that there is nothing (besides the name) in the recently discovered archaeology that indicates an Aegean origin to Palistin; most of
4485-581: The Ark of the Covenant and held it for several months; in 1 Samuel 6 , the return of the Ark to the Israelites of Beth Shemesh is described. A few biblical texts, such as the Ark Narrative and stories reflecting the importance of Gath, seem to portray Late Iron I and Early Iron II memories. They are mentioned more than 250 times, the majority in the Deuteronomistic history , and are depicted as among
4600-619: The Balnaves Award (won by Nakkiah Lui in its inaugural year, and later Leah Purcell and Ursula Yovich ), which has since evolved into the Balnaves Fellowship . In 2017, Balnaves supported the Adelaide Festival , then under the directorship of Rachel Healy and Neil Armfield , and started the "Tix for Next to Nix" program, which still runs today (as of April 2022). In 2022, A$ 2,000 was allocated across
4715-602: The Casluhim were different from those described in the Deuteronomistic history . Deuteronomist sources describe the "Five Lords of the Philistines" as based in five city-states of the southwestern Levant: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath, from Wadi Gaza in the south to the Yarqon River in the north. This description portrays them at one period of time as among the Kingdom of Israel 's most dangerous enemies. In
Neil Balnaves - Misplaced Pages Continue
4830-592: The Egyptians in 609 BC, under Necho II . In 604/603 BC, following a Philistine revolt, Nebuchadnezzar II , the king of Babylon , took over and destroyed Askhelon, Gaza, Aphek, and Ekron, which is proven by archaeological evidence and contemporary sources. Some Philistine kings requested help from the Egyptians but they were ultimately ignored. Following the destruction of the Philistine cities, their inhabitants were either killed or exiled to Mesopotamia . Those exiled continued identifying themselves as
4945-609: The Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Achaemenid Empire , and disappeared as a distinct ethnic group by the late 5th century BC. Amos in 1:8 sets the Philistines / ἀλλοφύλοι at Ashdod and Ekron. In 9:7 God is quoted asserting that, as he brought Israel from Egypt , he also brought the Philistines from Caphtor . In the Greek this is, instead, bringing the ἀλλόφυλοι from Cappadocia . The Bible books of Jeremiah , Ezekiel , Amos and Zephaniah speak of
5060-418: The Order of Australia and the award of 199 Honorary Medals of the Order of Australia. Notable honorary awards include: Since 1975, just over 30 per cent of recipients of an Order of Australia honour have been women. The number of nominations and awards for women is trending up, with the 2023 Australia Day Honours resulting in the highest percentage of awards for women to date (47.1 per cent, 47.9 per cent in
5175-465: The Order of Australia is a convex disc (gold for AKs, ADs and ACs, gilt for AOs, AMs and OAMs) representing a single flower of mimosa . At the centre is a ring, representing the sea, with the word Australia below two branches of mimosa. The whole disc is topped by the Crown of St Edward . The AC badge is decorated with citrines , blue enamelled ring, and enamelled crown. The AO badge is similar, without
5290-597: The Order of Australia. This was done by with the addition of two additional award levels: Knight or Dame (AK or AD) above the level of Companion, and the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) below Members. The Civil Division was also renamed the General Division, so that awards could be given to those in the Defence Force for non-military achievement. These changes were made on 24 May 1976. The reaction to
5405-429: The Order of Canada, while 537 non-Australians have been appointed to the Order of Australia, with 46 to the Companion level. Public reaction to the new awards was mixed. Only the state Labor governments of Tasmania and South Australia agreed to submit recommendations for the new awards, with the remaining governments affirming their committent to the existing imperial honours system. Newspaper editorials similarly praised
5520-439: The Order were gazetted on 22 December 2015. Yvonne Kenny AM represented the Order at the 2023 Coronation . King Charles III , when he was Prince of Wales , was appointed a Knight of the Order of Australia (AK) on 14 March 1981. As he is not an Australian citizen, even though he was the heir to the Australian throne at the time, this would have required the award to be honorary. To overcome this issue, his appointment
5635-470: The Order would be determined by the Council of the Order of Australia. Awards of the Order of Australia are sometimes made to people who are not citizens of Australia to honour extraordinary achievements. These achievements, or the people themselves, are not necessarily associated with Australia, although they often are. On 1 July 2024, the Australian Honours website listed appointments for 46 Honorary Companions, 118 Honorary Officers, 174 Honorary Members of
5750-468: The Peleset in conjunction with any of the five cities that are said in the Bible to have made up the Philistine pentapolis comes in the Onomasticon of Amenope. The sequence in question has been translated as: "Ashkelon, Ashdod, Gaza, Assyria, Shubaru [...] Sherden , Tjekker , Peleset , Khurma [...]" Scholars have advanced the possibility that the other Sea Peoples mentioned were connected to these cities in some way as well. Many scholars have interpreted
5865-466: The Philistines as one of the nations to be displaced from Canaan. In Genesis 15:18-21, the Philistines are absent from the ten nations Abraham 's descendants will displace as well as being absent from the list of nations Moses tells the people they will conquer, though the land in which they resided is included in the boundaries based on the locations of rivers described. In fact, the Philistines, through their Capthorite ancestors, were allowed to conquer
SECTION 50
#17327800837035980-417: The Philistines upon their Exodus from Egypt, according to Exodus 13:17. In Genesis 21:22-17, Abraham agrees to a covenant of kindness with Abimelech , the Philistine king, and his descendants. Abraham's son Isaac deals with the Philistine king similarly, by concluding a treaty with them in chapter 26. Unlike most other ethnic groups in the Bible , the Philistines are almost always referred to without
6095-423: The Philistines were housed in Egypt; only subsequently late in the troubled end of the reign of Ramesses III would they have been allowed to settle Philistia. The "Peleset" appear in four different texts from the time of the New Kingdom . Two of these, the inscriptions at Medinet Habu and the Rhetorical Stela at Deir al-Medinah , are dated to the time of the reign of Ramesses III (1186–1155 BC). Another
6210-409: The Philistines' rebellion, leading to the exile of many Philistines, who gradually lost their distinct identity in Babylonia . By the late fifth century BC, the Philistines no longer appear as a distinct group in historical or archaeological records, though the extent of their assimilation remains subject to debate. The Philistines are known for their biblical conflict with the Canaanite peoples of
6325-454: The Philistines, who had been under the rule of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC), were ultimately vanquished by King Nebuchadnezzar II of the Neo-Babylonian Empire . Much like the kingdoms of Israel and Judah , the Philistines lost their autonomy by the end of the Iron Age , becoming vassals to the Assyrians , Egyptians , and later Babylonians . Historical sources suggest that Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed Ashkelon and Ekron due to
6440-441: The Queen to reinstate the level of knight or dame and the Queen co-signed letters patent to bring this into effect. The change was publicly announced on 25 March, and gazetted on 17 April 2014. Up to four knights or dames could be appointed each year, by the Queen of Australia on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the chairman of the Order of Australia Council. Five awards of knight and dame were then made, to
6555-413: The Sea Peoples (mainly Philistines) in Canaan as mercenaries. Egyptian strongholds in Canaan are also mentioned, including a temple dedicated to Amun , which some scholars place in Gaza; however, the lack of detail indicating the precise location of these strongholds means that it is unknown what impact these had, if any, on Philistine settlement along the coast. The only mention in an Egyptian source of
6670-445: The Sea Peoples in the southern Levant should not be surprising as Canaan was never mentioned in any text describing the Sea Peoples as a target of destruction or attack by the Sea Peoples. Other sites such as Tell Keisan, Acco, Tell Abu Hawam, Tel Dor, Tel Mevorak, Tel Zeror, Tel Michal, Tel Gerisa, and Tel Batash, have no evidence of a destruction ca. 1200 BC. By Iron Age II , the Philistines had formed an ethnic state centered around
6785-416: The Sea Peoples, declaring that the Peleset were "reduced to ashes." The Papyrus Harris I , records how the defeated foe were brought in captivity to Egypt and settled in fortresses. The Harris papyrus can be interpreted in two ways: either the captives were settled in Egypt and the rest of the Philistines/Sea Peoples carved out a territory for themselves in Canaan, or else it was Ramesses himself who settled
6900-403: The arch-enemies of the Israelites, a serious and recurring threat before being subdued by David. Not all relations were negative, with the Cherethites and Pelethites , who were of Philistine origin, serving as David's bodyguards and soldiers. The Aramean, Assyrian and Babylonian threat eventually took over, with the Philistines themselves falling victim to these groups. They were conquered by
7015-410: The area of modern-day Greece . This view is based largely upon the fact that archaeologists, when digging up strata dated to the Philistine time-period in the coastal plains and in adjacent areas, have found similarities in material culture (figurines, pottery, fire-stands, etc.) between Aegean-Greek culture and that of Philistine culture, suggesting common origins. A minority, dissenting, claims that
SECTION 60
#17327800837037130-435: The arts had deteriorated, and that politicians tended to regard the arts as elitist, and as a consequence funding had decreased enormously. In a 2013 interview, he called the current crop of politicians as a "bunch of philistines ". he believed that the arts should be available to all, and that private philanthropists should be proud of supporting the arts. Around 2007, he provided funding to subsidise tickets to eight shows at
7245-491: The arts. Officer of the Order of Australia The Order of Australia is an Australian honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II , Queen of Australia , on the advice of then prime minister Gough Whitlam . Before the establishment of the order, Australians could receive British honours , which continued to be issued in parallel until 1992. Appointments to
7360-462: The association are in all the states and territories of Australia as well as the UK and the USA. Total inductees as of July 2024 . The order of wearing Australian and other approved honours is determined by the government. The award is parodied in the play Amigos , where the central character is determined to be awarded the AC, and uses persuasion, bribery and blackmail in his (ultimately successful) attempts to get himself nominated for
7475-450: The award to Prince Philip in a ReachTEL poll. The Australian Labor Party continued to oppose knighthoods and damehoods. Leader of the opposition Bill Shorten stated in March 2014 that the party would again discontinue the level if it were to win the next Australian federal election. The knighthood decision was a significant factor that caused Liberal party members to question Abbott's leadership, with Malcolm Turnbull succeeding in
7590-448: The award. During the 1996 season of the popular television programme Home and Away , the character Pippa Ross was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia for her years of service as a foster carer. Philistine The Philistines ( Hebrew : פְּלִשְׁתִּים , romanized : Pəlištīm ; LXX : Koinē Greek : Φυλιστιείμ , romanized: Phulistieím ; Latin : Philistaei ) were an ancient people who lived on
7705-411: The awards as an example of Australia's greater independence, whilst also noting that the awards would likely appear second-rate. The Australian stated that There is no longer a British Empire; everyone knows that. But somehow the phrase "imperial honours" still carries a ring of regal authenticity that somehow transcends nationalism. For the time being a recipient ... of the Order of Australia
7820-524: The biblical Philistines with the Egyptian " Peleset " inscriptions; and since 1873, both have been connected with the Aegean " Pelasgians ". The evidence for these connections is etymological and has been disputed. Based on the Peleset inscriptions, it has been suggested that the Casluhite Philistines formed part of the conjectured "Sea Peoples" who repeatedly attacked Egypt during the later Nineteenth Dynasty . Though they were eventually repulsed by Ramesses III, he finally resettled them, according to
7935-420: The campaign, Sargon II singled out his capture of Gath, in 711 BC. Ten years later, Egypt once again incited its neighbors to rebel against Assyria, resulting in Ashkelon, Ekron, Judah , and Sidon revolting against Sargon's son and successor, Sennacherib . Sennacherib crushed the revolt, defeated the Egyptians, and destroyed much of the cities in southern Aramea , Phoenicia, Philistia, and Judah , and entered
8050-472: The ceramic and technological evidence attested to by archaeology as being associated with the Philistine advent in the area as strongly suggestive that they formed part of a large scale immigration to southern Canaan, probably from Anatolia and Cyprus , in the 12th century BC. The proposed connection between Mycenaean culture and Philistine culture was further documented by finds at the excavation of Ashdod, Ekron, Ashkelon, and more recently Gath, four of
8165-519: The changes to the awards were similarly split along party lines. Following the 1983 federal election , Labor Prime Minister Bob Hawke recommitted to the end of recommendations for imperial awards. No knighthoods were awarded during his first term in office and he advised the abolition of the knight/dame level after being re-elected in 1986. During the time the division was active from 1976 to 1983, twelve knights and two dames were created. On 19 March 2014, monarchist prime minister Tony Abbott advised
8280-579: The citrines. For the AM badge, only the crown is enamelled, and the OAM badge is plain. The AK/AD badge is similar to that of the AC badge, but with the difference that it contains at the centre an enamelled disc bearing an image of the coat of arms of Australia . The colours of royal blue and gold are taken from the livery colours of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms , the then national colours . The star for knights and dames
8395-440: The core of Philistine territory, such as Ashdod , Ashkelon , Gath , and Ekron , show nearly no signs of an intervening event marked by destruction. The same can be said for Aphek where an Egyptian garrison was destroyed, likely in an act of warfare at the end of the 13th century, which was followed by a local Canaanite phase, which was then followed by the peaceful introduction of Philistine pottery. The lack of destruction by
8510-526: The destruction of the Philistines. Jeremiah 47:4 describes the Philistines as the remnant of the Caphtorim because the latter were mysteriously destroyed, either by divine or man-made means. The following is a list of battles described in the Bible as having occurred between the Israelites and the Philistines: Several theories are given about the origins of the Philistines. The Hebrew Bible mentions in two places that they originate from
8625-522: The discoveries at the Palistin capital Tell Tayinat indicate a Neo-Hittite state, including the names of the kings of Palistin. Singer proposes (based on archaeological finds) that a branch of the Philistines settled in Tell Tayinat and were replaced or assimilated by a new Luwian population who took the Palistin name. Allen Jones (1972 & 1975) suggests that the name Philistine represents
8740-604: The exact place in Europe from where Philistines had migrated to Levant, due to limited number of ancient genomes available for study, "with 20 to 60 per cent similarity to DNA from ancient skeletons from Crete and Iberia and that from modern people living in Sardinia ." Most scholars agree that the Philistines were of Greek origin, and that they came from Crete and the rest of the Aegean Islands or, more generally, from
8855-463: The exception of awards recommended by the soon to be independent government of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea ); however this did not affect the constitutional right of state governments to recommend imperial awards. According to the governor general's then-secretary Sir David Smith , Whitlam was furious when he first saw Devlin's design for the insignia of the order, due to the inclusion of
8970-719: The finds are three small bronze wheels with eight spokes. Such wheels are known to have been used for portable cultic stands in the Aegean region during this period, and it is therefore assumed that this building served cultic functions . Further evidence concerns an inscription in Ekron to PYGN or PYTN, which some have suggested refers to " Potnia ", the title given to an ancient Mycenaean goddess. Excavations in Ashkelon, Ekron, and Gath reveal dog and pig bones which show signs of having been butchered, implying that these animals were part of
9085-631: The five Philistine cities in Canaan. The fifth city is Gaza. Especially notable is the early Philistine pottery, a locally made version of the Aegean Mycenaean Late Helladic IIIC pottery, which is decorated in shades of brown and black. This later developed into the distinctive Philistine pottery of the Iron Age I, with black and red decorations on white slip known as Philistine Bichrome ware . Also of particular interest
9200-715: The foundation focused on "Indigenous Australia, young people and the disadvantaged " in order to help create "a better Australia". It has given donations to many Australian arts organisations, including the Ensemble Theatre , Bangarra Dance Theatre , the Sydney Biennale , the Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW) the Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA), the National Gallery of Australia (NGA) and TarraWarra Museum of Art . It also awarded
9315-412: The foundation's philanthropy are: All three of Neil and Diane Balnaves' children worked for the foundation, and after Neil's death, Diane, Hamish and Victoria continued to work for the foundation, along with a daughter of Alexandra, Caillean Honor. By the time of Balnaves' death on 21 February 2022, the foundation had given away A$ 20–40 million , and was continuing to give around A$ 3 million per year to
9430-489: The general division). Advocacy groups such as Honour a Woman and the Workplace Gender Equality Agency have called for greater effort to be made to reach equal representation of men and women in the order. In December 2010, The Age reported a study of the educational backgrounds of all people who had received Knight/Dame and Companion level awards at that time. It reported: "An analysis of
9545-683: The governments of each respective state and territory, and three ex officio members (the chief of the Defence Force , the vice-president of the Federal Executive Council and a public servant responsible for honours policy). The Council chair as of August 2024 is Shelley Reys. The Council makes recommendations to the governor-general. Awards are announced on Australia Day and on the King's Birthday public holiday in June, on
9660-586: The governor-general to remove an individual from the order, who may cancel an award. Announcements of all awards, cancellations and resignations appear in the Commonwealth Gazette . Nomination forms are confidential and not covered by the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cth) . The reasoning behind a nomination being successful or unsuccessful—and even the attendees of the meetings where such nominations are discussed—remains confidential. As
9775-564: The interpretation that Ramesses III defeated the Sea Peoples, including Philistines, and settled their captives in fortresses in southern Canaan; another related theory suggests that Philistines invaded and settled the coastal plain for themselves. The soldiers were quite tall and clean-shaven. They wore breastplates and short kilts , and their superior weapons included chariots drawn by two horses. They carried small shields and fought with straight swords and spears. The Rhetorical Stela are less discussed, but are noteworthy in that they mention
9890-472: The land from the Avvites . However, their de-facto control over Canaan appears to have been limited. Joshua 13:3 states that only five cities, Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath and Ekron, were controlled by Philistine lords. Three of these cities were later overtaken by the Anakim , making them a target for Israelite conquests as seen in Judges 3:3 and 2 Samuel 21:20 . God also directed the Israelites away from
10005-563: The land of the Philistines, called Philistia, was a pentapolis in the southwestern Levant comprising the five city-states of Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Ekron, and Gath, from Wadi Gaza in the south to the Yarqon River in the north, but with no fixed border to the east. Tell Qasile (a "port city") and Aphek were located on the northern frontier of Philistine territory, and Tell Qasile in particular may have been inhabited by both Philistine and non-Philistine people. The location of Gath
10120-583: The mid-8th century BC, when Tiglath-Pileser III , the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire , marched into the region, conquering much of the Levant that was not already under Assyrian rule (including Aram-Damascus and Phoenicia ), and occupying the remaining kingdoms in the area (including Philistia). Decades later, Egypt began agitating its neighbours to rebel against Assyrian rule. A revolt in Israel
10235-408: The modern theory of Philistines having an Aegean origin. In 2016, a large Philistine cemetery was discovered near Ashkelon, containing more than 150 dead buried in oval-shaped graves. A 2019 genetic study found that, while all three Ashkelon populations derive most of their ancestry from the local Semitic -speaking Levantine gene pool, the early Iron Age population was genetically distinct due to
10350-420: The name Peleset/Pulasti and the peoples' supposed Aegean origins, have led many scholars to identify the pwrꜣsꜣtj with the Philistines. Typically "Philistine" artifacts begin appearing in Canaan by the 12th century BC. Pottery of Philistine origin has been found far outside of what would later become the core of Philistia, including at the majority of Iron Age I sites in the Jezreel Valley ; however, because
10465-491: The northern Sinai , though he was unable to capture the Judahite capital, Jerusalem , instead forcing it to pay tribute. As punishment, the rebel nations paid tribute to Assyria, and Sennacherib's annals report that he exacted such tribute from the kings of Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron, but Gath is never mentioned, which may indicate that the city was actually destroyed by Sargon II. The Philistines were later occupied by
10580-472: The occasion of a special announcement by the governor-general (usually honorary awards), and on the appointment of a new governor-general. The governor-general presents the order's insignia to new appointees. Appointments to the order may be made posthumously as long as a person was nominated for an award whilst they were still alive. Awardees may subsequently resign from the order, and the Council may advise
10695-478: The order are made by the governor-general , "with the approval of The Sovereign", according to recommendations made by the Council for the Order of Australia . Members of the government are not involved in the recommendation of appointments, other than for military and honorary awards. The King of Australia is the sovereign head of the order, and the governor-general is the principal companion and chancellor of
10810-674: The order at all levels. Nomination forms are submitted to the Director, Honours Secretariat, a position within the Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia , at Government House, Canberra , which are then forwarded to the Council for the Order of Australia . The council consists of 19 members: seven selected by the prime minister (described as "community representatives"), eight appointed by
10925-446: The order. The governor-general's official secretary , Paul Singer (appointed August 2018), is secretary of the order. The order is divided into a general and a military division. The five levels of appointment to the order in descending order of seniority are: Honorary awards at all levels may be made to non-citizens. These awards are made additional to the quotas. The order's insignia was designed by Stuart Devlin . The badge of
11040-516: The outgoing governor-general , Quentin Bryce ; her successor, Peter Cosgrove ; a recent chief of the Defence Force , Angus Houston ; a recent governor of New South Wales , Marie Bashir ; and Prince Philip . This last award was widely met with ridicule and dismay by many in the Australian media. The award was also heavily criticised in the community, with 72% disapproving and 12% in favour of
11155-462: The presence of Philistine pottery in northern Israel to their role as mercenaries for the Egyptians during the Egyptian military administration of the land in the 12th century BC. This presence may also indicate further expansion of the Philistines to the valley during the 11th century BC, or their trade with the Israelites. There are biblical references to Philistines in the valley during the times of
11270-681: The prime minister alone, rather than by the Council of the Order of Australia, as is the case with all lower levels of the order. In accordance with the statutes of 2014, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , was created a Knight of the Order by letters patent signed by the Queen on 7 January 2015, on Abbott's advice. Prince Philip's knighthood was announced as part of the Australia Day Honours on 26 January 2015 and his appointment attracted criticism of what Abbott described as his "captain's call". Abbott responded by announcing that future recommendations for appointments as Knights and Dames of
11385-513: The prophet , forbidding the Israelites from making iron implements of war. According to their chronicles, the Philistines were eventually subjugated by David , before regaining independence in the wake of the United Monarchy 's dissolution, after which there are only sparse references to them. The accuracy of these narratives is a subject of debate among scholars. The Philistines seemed to have generally retained their autonomy, up until
11500-414: The quantity of said pottery finds are light, it is assumed that the Philistines' presence in these areas were not as strong as in their core territory, and that they probably were a minority which had assimilated into the native Canaanite population by the 10th century BC. There is little evidence that the Sea Peoples forcefully injected themselves into the southern Levant; and the cities which would become
11615-886: The region is scarce. The citizens of Ashdod were reported to keep their language but it might have been an Aramaic dialect. In the Book of Genesis , 10:13-14 states, with regard to descendants of Mizraim , in the Table of Nations : "Mizraim begot the Ludim, the Anamim, the Lehabim, the Naphtuhim, the Pathrusim, the Casluhim , and the Caphtorim , whence the Philistines came forth." There
11730-655: The region, in particular, the Israelites . Though the primary source of information about the Philistines is the Hebrew Bible , they are first attested to in reliefs at the Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu , in which they are called the Peleset ( 𓊪𓏲𓂋𓏤𓏤𓐠𓍘𓇋𓍑 ), accepted as cognate with Hebrew Peleshet ; the parallel Assyrian term is Palastu , Pilišti , or Pilistu ( Akkadian : 𒉺𒆷𒀸𒌓 , 𒉿𒇷𒅖𒋾 , and 𒉿𒇷𒅖𒌓 ). They also left behind
11845-532: The similarities in material culture are only the result of acculturation , during their entire 575 years of existence among Canaanite (Phoenician), Israelite, and perhaps other seafaring peoples. Since 1846, scholars have connected the biblical Philistines with the Egyptian " Peleset " inscriptions. All five of these appear from c. 1150 BC to c. 900 BC just as archaeological references to Kinaḫḫu , or Ka-na-na (Canaan), come to an end; and since 1873 comparisons were drawn between them and to
11960-595: The south coast of Canaan during the Iron Age in a confederation of city-states generally referred to as Philistia . There is compelling evidence to suggest that Philistines originated from a Greek immigrant group from the Aegean . The immigrant group settled in Canaan around 1175 BC during the Late Bronze Age collapse . Over time, they gradually assimilated elements of the indigenous Canaanite societies, while preserving their own unique culture. In 604 BC,
12075-410: The storehouses and granaries each year." Some scholars suggest it is likely that these "strongholds" were fortified towns in southern Canaan, which would eventually become the five cities (the pentapolis) of the Philistines. Israel Finkelstein has suggested that there may be a period of 25–50 years after the sacking of these cities and their reoccupation by the Philistines. It is possible that at first,
12190-543: The theory, to rebuild the coastal towns in Canaan. Papyrus Harris I details the achievements of the reign (1186–1155 BC) of Ramesses III. In the brief description of the outcome of the battles in Year 8 is the description of the fate of some of the conjectured Sea Peoples. Ramesses claims that, having brought the prisoners to Egypt, he "settled them in strongholds, bound in my name. Numerous were their classes, hundreds of thousands strong. I taxed them all, in clothing and grain from
12305-579: Was a strong supporter of the First Nations Division at the museum, and also encouraged others to contribute to supporting the arts and First Nations peoples. Nick Mitzevich , NGA director, said of Balnaves: "The beauty of his philanthropy was to leverage and do more with the support he gave to make it bigger and better. He was never a passive philanthropist". The Balnaves Contemporary Series supported major annual commissions of contemporary artists from 2018 onwards. Others to benefit from
12420-580: Was born on 5 May 1944 in Adelaide , South Australia . He grew up in Penola in the south-east of the state, and had polio as a teenager, which crippled his right arm. Balnaves' media career started in advertising , in Adelaide in 1960, moving into senior roles in production companies. Balnaves worked in the media industry for over 60 years. He founded the Southern Star Group in 1988, and
12535-739: Was called Palistin . This country extended in the 11th-10th centuries BC from the Amouq Valley in the west to Aleppo in the east down to Mehardeh and Shaizar in the south. Due to the similarity between Palistin and Philistines, Hittitologist John David Hawkins (who translated the Aleppo inscriptions) hypothesizes a connection between the Syro-Hittite Palistin and the Philistines, as do archaeologists Benjamin Sass and Kay Kohlmeyer. Gershon Galil suggests that King David halted
12650-578: Was composed in the period immediately following the death of Ramesses III ( Papyrus Harris I ). The fourth, the Onomasticon of Amenope , is dated to some time between the end of the 12th or early 11th century BC. The inscriptions at Medinet Habu consist of images depicting a coalition of Sea Peoples, among them the Peleset, who are said in the accompanying text to have been defeated by Ramesses III during his Year 8 campaign. In about 1175 BC, Egypt
12765-447: Was created by an amendment to the constitution of the Order of Australia by special letters patent signed by the Queen, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser . In March 2014 the knight and dame levels, which had been abolished in 1986 by Prime Minister Bob Hawke , were reintroduced to the Order of Australia by Tony Abbott . At the same time, Abbott announced that future appointments at this level would be recommended by
12880-458: Was crushed by Sargon II in 722 BC, resulting in the kingdom's total destruction. In 712 BC, a Philistine named Iamani ascended to the throne of Ashdod, and organized another failed uprising against Assyria with Egyptian aid. The Assyrian King Sargon II invaded Philistia, which effectively became annexed by Assyria, although the kings of the five cities, including Iamani, were allowed to remain on their thrones as vassals. In his annals concerning
12995-498: Was established on 14 February 1975 by letters patent of Queen Elizabeth II , acting as Queen of Australia , and on the advice of the newly elected Labor prime minister , Gough Whitlam . The original order had three levels: Companion (AC), Officer (AO) and Member (AM) as well as two divisions: Civil Division and Military Division. Whitlam had previously announced in 1972 (on his third day in office) that his government would no longer nominate persons for British Imperial honours (with
13110-653: Was executive chairman of the company. The company later went through various mergers and incarnations, becoming Endemol Australia in 2013/2014, Southern Star was responsible for bringing shows such as Water Rats , and McLeod's Daughters , Big Brother and Bananas in Pyjamas to Australian television screens. From 2003 until 2016 he was chair of the Ardent Leisure Group , responsible for running theme parks such as Dreamworld in Queensland . Other directorships included Hanna-Barbera Australia and
13225-842: Was threatened with a massive land and sea invasion by the "Sea Peoples," a coalition of foreign enemies which included the Tjeker , the Shekelesh, the Deyen, the Weshesh, the Teresh, the Sherden , and the PRST . They were comprehensively defeated by Ramesses III, who fought them in " Djahy " (the eastern Mediterranean coast) and at "the mouths of the rivers" (the Nile Delta ), recording his victories in
#702297