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61-473: The city's territory belongs to the Valle dell'Ofanto. The Ofanto river crosses the countryside and forms the border between the territory of Barletta and that of Margherita di Savoia . The mouth of the river is in the territory of Barletta. The area of Barletta also includes part of the battlefield of Cannae . This is a very important archeological site, remembered for the major battle in 216 BCE between

122-564: A bronze statue, representing a Roman Emperor (perhaps Theodosius II ). This statue, called "Eraclio" by the inhabitants of Barletta, is about 4 metres (13 feet) tall, and remains the biggest statue that survives from the late Roman Empire (i.e. the Roman Empire after Constantine). According to a local folk story, Eraclio saved the city from a Saracen attack. Seeing the Saracen ships approaching Barletta's coast, Eraclio waited for them on

183-444: A battle during which 13 Italian knights commanded by Ettore Fieramosca challenged and defeated an equal number of French knights who were at the time prisoners of war, in a joust held near Andria. This episode was documented in 1833 by Massimo d'Azeglio, who wrote the novel "Ettore Fieramosca o la Disfida di Barletta". In the book the author regards this episode as one of the earliest manifestations of Italian national pride. The city at

244-576: A handy diversion for his restive siege-bound army. Later the city served as a fortress for the Spanish rulers of southern Italy. In 1528 it was sacked by French troops under Odet de Foix . The city was the capital of its district and the seat of the lower prefecture for the 120 years between 1806 and 1927 and sided with the French under Joachim Murat during the Napoleonic War. During and after

305-401: A low plain that varies from 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 ft) above sea level . The surface extends over an area of 14,471 hectares (55.87 sq mi), and has a length (east to west) of about 6 kilometres (4 mi), a width (north to south) of about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) and a perimeter of about 13 kilometres (8 mi). Its climate is moderated by the sea. Winds are usually from

366-476: A reference point for Andria and the other cities of northern Bari (see also the frequency of the University by many young people). On April 30, 2011, its postal code changed from 70031 to 76123. On July 12, 2016, Andria made national and international headlines due to the railway accident that occurred in the countryside between Andria and Corato, resulting in 23 deaths and 57 injuries. To date, it represents

427-591: A river in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Andria Andria ( Italian: [ˈandrja] ; Barese : Iàndrie ) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Apulia region of Southern Italy . It is an agricultural and service center, producing wine, olives and almonds. It is the fourth-largest municipality in the Apulia region (behind Bari , Taranto , and Foggia ) and

488-464: A thriving craft industry. The city also grew, with aristocratic residences built for the emerging classes and the establishment of two small local banks and the headquarters of several political parties. Thanks to economic development, Andria was not particularly affected by the phenomenon of emigration. In 1851, the artist Achille Vianelli created a painting dedicated to Piazza Vaglio in Andria. The work

549-518: A tunnel to be dug in the opposite direction. All enemies were captured and released. After 49 days of siege, the Duke of Andria, seeing the dire conditions of his people, surrendered, and peace was restored between the del Balzo and Orsini families. Francesco II, brother-in-law of King Ferrante of Naples, was granted the title of Grand Constable of the Kingdom of Naples. The Duke, appointed ambassador of

610-685: Is connected by the A14 National Motorway, and the SP 231 provincial road connecting it to Bari and Foggia . Andria has a railway station in the Bari–Barletta railway , part of the Ferrovie del Nord Barese network managed by Ferrotramviaria . The nearest Trenitalia -FS (Italian national railroads) station is that of Barletta, 10 kilometres (6 miles) from Andria. On 12 July 2016, a head-on collision between two passenger trains occurred on

671-576: Is endowed with a very long, sandy coast stretching to both the east and the west from the commercial port. Along the coast, there are various attractive beaches with trees to the west. Barletta developed long before the Roman era, known by Greeks and Romans respectively as Bardulos or Barulum. In the Middle Ages it was a stronghold of the Normans and Lombards , becoming an important staging post for

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732-671: Is located on the Adriatic coast, where the rocky shore is covered with silt from the Ofanto river . The river forms the boundary of the provinces of Bari and Foggia and has always influenced the agricultural activities of the area. The river also marks the passage from the Murgia to the fertile plain of the Tavoliere, which starts in Barletta. Barletta is situated on the south-west end of

793-503: Is on the Irpinia Plateau, at 715 metres (2,346 ft) above sea level, near Nusco and Torella dei Lombardi , in the province of Avellino . From there it runs southeast near Lioni before flowing into Lago di Conza , an artificial lake . The river then forms the border between the province of Avellino and the province of Potenza except for a small extension of the province of Avellino near Calitri . The Atella flows into

854-526: The Angevin kings of Naples. At the beginning of the 16th century, during the guerilla war between the French and the Spanish over possession of Southern Italy, the city was the theater of a historical victory of Italian knights over French prisoners, in what became known as the Challenge of Barletta (13 February 1503). This took place during the occupation of the city by Gonzalo de Cordoba , and served as

915-690: The Barletta–Spinazzola railway (Trenitalia). The FNB also has a second station in the city. By car, Barletta is reachable from the A14 motorway (exiting at Andria-Barletta or Canosa) or the SS16 highway or from the airport of Bari-Palese, located about 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Barletta. Other than Barletta's commercial port, with the Barletta Lighthouse . There are no sea connections, though Bari and other cities have ferry services across

976-783: The Crusaders and the Teutonic Knights and Templars as well as the Knights of St.John . Following the Muslim conquest in the Holy Land , the Archbishops of Nazareth took refuge in Barletta (permanently in 1327). After immigration from the nearby Canne increased its population due to the destruction of Cannae by the Normans , Barletta lived its periods of greatest splendour under King Frederick II and then subsequently

1037-574: The Gulf of Manfredonia between Margherita di Savoia and Barletta . The Locone enters the Ofanto south of Cerignola as a right tributary of the river. At the end of its journey to the sea, the river ends in a delta and an estuary. The River Ofanto can have a torrential flow at times, with major floods along its course in the autumn and winter, thanks to heavy rainfall, but in the summer its flow can be remarkably slight. Despite its considerable length and

1098-624: The Romans and the Carthaginians , won by Hannibal . The site has been recognised as Città d'Arte ( city of art ) of Apulia in the 2005 for the beautiful architecture. Cannae flourished in the Roman period and then after a series of debilitating Saracen attacks, was finally destroyed by the Normans and then abandoned in the early Middle Ages. Barletta is home to the Colossus of Barletta ,

1159-531: The Unification , Barletta was as poor as was most of the South of Italy. Consequently, hygiene and health were particularly bad. Various types of disease plagued the population, such as tuberculosis , diarrhea , pneumonia , small pox , malaria , etc. An estimated 15% of the population was affected by trachoma . The most dreaded of the diseases brought by poverty was cholera. Outbreaks of cholera took place in

1220-478: The 1485 conspiracy of the barons and was put to death. When Isabella del Balzo married Federico d'Aragona in Andria, the duchy passed to the royal house, and her husband ruled it until 1496 when he became king of Naples. Modern Age In 1503, in the plain between Andria and Corato, precisely in "Terra Quadrati," the famous Disfida di Barletta took place, which pitted the Italians led by Ettore Fieramosca against

1281-452: The 17th and 18th centuries, the city remained under the rule of the Carafa dukes, in constant conflict with the bishop and the cathedral chapter, with whom the family shared possession of most of the land. The plague epidemic of 1656 decimated the population, while in 1741 the city suffered an invasion of locusts. In 1797, the city obtained the right to elect its own mayor, and in 1799, during

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1342-471: The 1950s onwards, there was a gradual economic recovery, favored by the inauguration in 1965 of the Bari-Barletta railway line, which connected Bari with the municipalities of the hinterland of the northern province. In 2004, the new province of Barletta-Andria-Trani was established (then activated in 2009); the city left the province of Bari, although the city of Bari has always been and continues to be

1403-751: The 8th century B.C., the Peucetians settled there. The birth of the first urban settlement is attributed to the subsequent colonization by the Greeks. Near present-day Andria, Netium arose, a Greek city by language and civilization, mentioned by Strabo in Universal Geography. Some refugees who survived the destruction of Canne in 216 B.C. during the Second Punic War took refuge in Netium. Decades later, Netium declined, leaving few ruins after

1464-461: The Adriatic. Barletta is twinned with: Ofanto The Ofanto ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈɔːfanto] ), known in ancient times as Aufidus or Canna , is a 134 or 170 km (83 or 110 mi, depending on the sources) river in southern Italy that flows through the regions of Campania , Basilicata , and Apulia , into the Gulf of Manfredonia near Barletta . The river's source

1525-784: The Bourbons had the leading Neapolitan republicans executed, including Count Ettore Carafa, guillotined in Naples on September 4, 1799. In 1806, the heirs of the Carafas sold the Ducal Palace to the Spagnoletti Zeuli family. For its loyalty to Ferdinand IV, it obtained the title of Royal City. Under Napoleonic rule and the reigns of Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim Murat, the feudal system was abolished, and many convents were suppressed, while electoral rights were increased. In 1818,

1586-586: The Ducal Palace. He was succeeded in 1554 by his son Antonio Carafa; the mother and brother, Vincenzo Carafa (who participated in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571), built the Capuchin monastery in 1577. The successor, Fabrizio Carafa, was responsible for the construction of the Benedictine monastery and the basilica of Santa Maria dei Miracoli, following the discovery in 1576 of a miraculous icon. Subsequently, in

1647-498: The French. In the morning, the 13 Italian knights prayed in the chapel of the cathedral of Andria. After the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples by Ferdinand the Catholic in 1504, Andria was assigned to the "Gran Capitano" Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, and then to his nephew, Fernando Consalvo II. He sold the city in 1552 to Fabrizio Carafa, 1st Duke of Andria and Count of Ruvo and a relative of Pope Paul IV Carafa, who splendidly restored

1708-455: The Gulf of Manfredonia and sits opposite the promontory of Gargano . On its borders are: the Adriatic coast to the north; Trani 12 kilometres (7 mi) to the south-east; Canosa di Puglia 22 kilometres (14 mi) to the south-west; the mouth of the Ofanto river 5 kilometres (3 mi) to the north-west; and the town of Margherita di Savoia 13 kilometres (8 mi) to the west. It is on

1769-501: The King to the papal court, was present during the installation of Pius II to the papal throne. He was also present along with Giacomo della Ratta at the Diet of Mantua in 1459 and probably established a series of relationships with princes and intellectuals of the period, including Leon Battista Alberti. Upon Francesco II's death in 1482, his son Pirro del Balzo became duke, who participated in

1830-542: The Neapolitan Republic, it was besieged by the French army led by General Jean-Baptiste Broussier and supported by Count Ettore Carafa himself. The goal was to annex Andria to the Neapolitan Republic, freeing it from Bourbon rule, but the city remained faithful to the Bourbons. In the battle, about 2000 people from both sides perished. Subsequently, after the failure of the Republic, and the lack of revolution,

1891-596: The Ofanto near this point as a right tributary of the river. The river curves north and flows near Monteverde before forming the border between the province of Foggia and the province of Potenza. It then curves east for a distance and a right tributary, the Olivento, flows into it in this area. The river curves northeast and then forms the border between the province of Foggia and the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani . The river flows near Posta Piana, Canosa di Puglia , San Ferdinando di Puglia , and Cannae before entering

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1952-746: The Protestants!’” (London Times, 9 April 1866) A 100 year anniversary plaque to the five Protestant martyrs can be seen at the Evangelical Baptist Church (Italian, “Chiesa Evangelica Battista”) of Barletta. During World War I a minor naval battle took place off Barletta and the Italian Nembo-class destroyer Turbine was sunk by the Austro-Hungarian light cruiser Helgoland and destroyers Csepel , Tátra and Lika on 24 May 1915. During World War II ,

2013-586: The Sixth Crusade, Frederick II had the famous phrase carved on the Norman Porta Sant'Andrea: "Andria fidelis, nostri affixa medullis; absit, quod Federicus sit tui muneris iners, Andria, vale, felix omnisque gravaminos expers.". His son Conrad IV was born in Andria in 1228, to his wife Yolanda of Brienne, Queen of Jerusalem, buried in the crypt of the cathedral of Andria, who died at the age of sixteen after childbirth. Under Angevin rule, Andria

2074-522: The Thousand and were subsequently elected Deputy of the Kingdom for the Andria electoral district. After annexation to the Kingdom of Italy, the territory was the scene of brigandage actions: in 1865, the brigand leader Riccardo Colasuonno ("il Ciucciariello") was executed there. The abolition of the latifundium and the confiscation of ecclesiastical property led to the formation of a land-owning bourgeoisie, promoting specialized agricultural productions and

2135-473: The apostle Peter evangelized Andria on his journey to Rome, which around 492 A.D. became a bishopric under Pope Gelasius I. In a document from 915, Andria is mentioned as a village (locus) dependent on Trani. In 1046, it was taken from Byzantine rule by Peter the Norman, along with Trani and the rest of its territory, and like other centers (Barletta, Bisceglie, and Corato), it became a fortified city, elevated to

2196-472: The city are: Barletta is a city whose economy is based on the manufacture of concrete and cement. To a lesser degree, it is also a city of agriculture, of which grapes and olives form the most widespread crops. Barletta railway station is reachable by train from the FS Adriatic Railway main line ( Trenitalia company), from the Bari–Barletta railway ( Ferrovie del Nord Barese ), and from

2257-425: The city in 1836, 1854, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1886 and finally 1910 when the bacillus was brought back to Barletta by Barlettan fishermen, and killed tens of thousands all over southern Italy. Barletta also has a religious dark side to it when the very last Protestants to be burned alive at the stake took place in 1866. "The Papists came out of Santo Sepolcro, in their rampage to martyr Protestants as they screamed, “Death to

2318-656: The city was the site of the first episode of Italian conflict with German troops, when a battalion of Fallschirmjäger (parachutists) was sent from Foggia to Barletta to destroy the port before the British 8th Army could arrive, the Italian garrison surrendered after a brief struggle, thereby earning the Gold Medal of Military Valour and of Civilian Merit. After the war it was the site of a DP camp . The city hosts Monumental Cemetery of Barletta . The principal monuments of

2379-665: The cityscape seen from the bell tower of Via Carmine. About 800 people from Andria perished during the First World War, and they were commemorated in the Monument to the Fallen in the Remembrance Park inaugurated in 1930. Four podestà governed Andria during Fascism: Pasquale Cafaro, Ernesto Fuzio, Hon. Consalvo Ceci, and Marco Jeva. During the fascist regime, some lands (Montegrosso, Trojanelli) were divided among

2440-418: The convent of San Domenico in those years. From November 11, 1420, the feud was held by Jacopo Caldora, who owned it for several years. In 1431, the duchy passed to Francesco II del Balzo, Francesco I's nephew. From 1434 to 1436, the feud was held by Berlingiero Caldora. In 1438, the body of the city's patron saint, Saint Richard of England, who had gone missing during the previous siege, was found: in memory of

2501-697: The diocese was extended to the cities of Canosa, Minervino Murge, and Montemilone, while the city experienced a period of demographic growth and expanded beyond the city walls. During the Risorgimento, the carbonara "Society of the Specters" or "Central Tomb" and a section of the Young Italy had headquarters in Andria. About 100 men from Andria, led by Federico Priorelli and Niccolò Montenegro, participated in Giuseppe Garibaldi's Expedition of

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2562-463: The event, a festival ("Fiera d'Aprile") was established, which still takes place after almost 600 years, from April 23 to 30. In 1462, the Prince of Taranto, Giannantonio Orsini, besieged Andria after failing to find allies in the fight against Ferrante of Aragon. Unable to penetrate it, Orsini ordered a tunnel to be dug under the city walls, but Duke Francesco II, upon discovering the news, also ordered

2623-447: The extent of its basin, the average flow of water at the river mouth is fairly low, less than 15 cubic metres per second (530 cu ft/s). This Apulia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Basilicata location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Campanian location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

2684-484: The film producer Cataldo Balducci presented the documentary "Grandiosa manifestazione per il primo maggio 1913 ad Andria (indetta dalle classi operaie)" which depicts the festival in 7 scenes, showing the procession along Via Cavour, Via Ettore Fieramosca, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, reaching Via Garibaldi, the square, and the Municipal Palace, Porta Sant'Andrea. The film shows the monument to Frederick II and

2745-588: The following age, during the Eneolithic period, people inhabited some caves carved into the tuff. During the Bronze Age, people began to inhabit some cylindrical buildings with cone-shaped roofs similar to trulli. Numerous tumuli, burial sites built with rough stones, have been found in the districts of S. Barbara, S. Lucia, and Castel del Monte. In 1000 B.C., the Iapygians inhabited Apulia, and later, in

2806-512: The largest municipality of the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani . It is known for the 13th-century Castel del Monte . The city is located in the area of the Murgia and lies at a distance of 10 km (6.21 mi) from Barletta and the Adriatic coast . Its municipality, the 16th per area in Italy, borders with Barletta , Canosa di Puglia , Corato , Minervino Murge , Ruvo di Puglia , Spinazzola and Trani . " ...olive trees, and vineyards, unfold, and seem to flee as you pass by; then

2867-497: The moment of the speech that the famous union leader Giuseppe Di Vittorio was to give, a gunshot was fired, reigniting the disorder: the Porro family palace, large landowners of the city, was stormed, and two elderly sisters (Carolina and Luisa Porro) were lynched. The army was subsequently sent in, which managed to quell the rebellion with harsh repression. A period of economic crisis ensued, forcing several inhabitants to emigrate. From

2928-428: The most serious accident ever to occur on the railways of Apulia and one of the most serious in the history of Italian railways. Andria was a favorite residence of Emperor Frederick II , who built the imposing 13th-century Castel del Monte about 15 km south of the city center; it is one of the most famous Italian castles, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. Other sights include: Andria

2989-454: The priest. Bertando del Balzo, who took refuge in Avignon near Pope Clement VI during the siege, died suddenly in 1357 in Naples, where he had gone on state affairs. His body was buried in the church of San Domenico Maggiore in Naples. In that year, he was succeeded by his son Francesco I del Balzo, who obtained the title of duke and the city (1351). Francesco I's wife, Sveva Orsini, founded

3050-633: The rank of civitas, with twelve towers, three gates, and a fortress at the highest point. His son Peter II was recognized as Count in 1073. Still in the 11th century, the Benedictine abbey of Santa Maria del Monte was founded on the nearby heights of the Murge. In 1155, the Sicilian army of William I of Sicily was decimated near Andria by the Byzantine army of Manuel I Comnenus. In that battle, Count of Andria Riccardo de Lingèvres lost his life, killed under

3111-409: The ruins of old Netium. There is information about 12 hamlets, perhaps originally rustic villas, which largely bore the names of saints (Sant'Andrea, San Martino, Santa Caterina, Casalino, and San Ciriaco, located within the successive city walls, and San Candido, San Vittore, San Pietro, San Valentino, San Lizio, San Lorenzo, Borghello, Trimoggia, and Cicaglia, which remained outside them). In 44 A.D.,

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3172-418: The sea shore. Here Eraclio acted as if he was crying so the Saracens asked him why he was sad and Eraclio answered that he was sad because he was the smallest among Barletta's inhabitants and so everybody made fun of him. The Saracens thought that Barletta's inhabitants were all giants so left the coast, fearing to face them. In 1503 Barletta was the location of the disfida di Barletta ("Joust of Barletta"),

3233-406: The social struggles between Marius and Sulla in 88 B.C. Some inhabitants of the city likely moved further south, to the coast, where they founded Juve-Netium or Neo-Netium, present-day Giovinazzo. The Peutinger Table indicates a city named Rudas, probably the old Greek Netium, certainly a station on the Trajan's Road. The subsequent early medieval settlements of the Lombards and Byzantines arose near

3294-428: The sound of a bell strikes your ear - here I am in Andria - here is Andria the wealthy, Andria the most ancient [...] Andria the delightful, with beautiful almonds, with beautiful olives " (Cesare Malpica, The Garden of Italy) Ancient Age The earliest traces of settlements in the territory of Andria date back to the Neolithic period, as some objects have been found, including obsidian knives and lithic weapons. In

3355-468: The south. Rainfall is low; Barletta receives 500 millimetres (19.7 in) of rain annually, with most of the rain in autumn and winter during which day-long deluges occur. Rain is minimal between the second half of June and the first half of August. The comune comprises two parts, Montaltino and Fiumara. The communes next to Barletta are: Andria , Canosa di Puglia , Margherita di Savoia, San Ferdinando di Puglia , Trani , and Trinitapoli . The city

3416-438: The time was fairly loosely besieged by French forces, and occupied by a Spanish army under the command of Gonzalo de Cordoba the 'Gran Capitan'. Barletta has one gold medal for military valour and another one for civil valour, for its resistance to an incursion of German Fallschirmjäger who destroyed the port in order to prevent its falling intact into the hands of the advancing British Eighth Army during World War II . Barletta

3477-463: The trial, Bertrand blamed some royal attendants, excluding Queen Joanna I from any responsibility. In 1350, the city was besieged and plundered by the forces of Louis I of Hungary, convinced of Queen Joanna I's guilt. During those days, a priest, Oliviero Matusi, secretly hid the body of Saint Richard in a safe place inside the Cathedral to prevent the Hungarians from stealing it. The secret was passed down for years only from father to son by relatives of

3538-464: The veterans of the First World War. After the armistice of 1943, the city suffered devastation by the Germans until the arrival of the Allied troops. After the Second World War, in March 1946, due to the refusal of a local company to hire four veterans, a peasant revolt broke out, involving the seizure of some landowners and the erection of barricades. There were bloody clashes with the police forces, and it seemed that an agreement had been reached: but at

3599-408: The walls of the city. The last of the Norman counts descended from Peter was Count Ruggero, who fought in 1176 at Legnano with Frederick Barbarossa. In the 13th century, it was loyal to the Swabian rule and was the residence of King Frederick II, who had the famous Castel del Monte built nearby, elected a UNESCO World Heritage Site, on the site of the previous Norman Benedictine abbey. Returning from

3660-442: Was given in dowry to Beatrice, daughter of Charles II of Naples and wife of Bertrand del Balzo, Count of Montescaglioso, who resided in the city from 1308 until his death in 1330. The city then passed to their daughter Maria. Meanwhile, Maria del Balzo sold the city to her father Bertando. Pope Clement VI entrusted Bertrand, who was also the grand justiciar of the kingdom, to investigate the death of Andrew of Hungary. After setting up

3721-399: Was soon forgotten by local public opinion and kept at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. On October 6, 2015, reporter and documentarian Nicola Ferrara found the painting in the list of works exhibited in the museum and made the image public through a documentary dedicated to it. 20th Century In 1913, on May 1, the working classes of Andria declared Labor Day. It is noteworthy that

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