13-460: Timeline Young Italy ( Italian : La Giovine Italia , pronounced [la ˈdʒoːvine iˈtaːlja] ) was an Italian political movement founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini . A few months after leaving Italy, in June 1831, Mazzini wrote a letter to King Charles Albert of Sardinia , in which he asked him to unite Italy and lead the nation. A month later, convinced that his demands did not reach
26-485: Is a timeline of Italian history , comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Italy and its predecessor states, including Ancient Rome and Prehistoric Italy . Date of the prehistoric era are approximate. For further background, see history of Italy and list of prime ministers of Italy . Lucius Sicinius Vellutus , the plebs abandoned Rome for the nearby Monte Sacro . Marius
39-666: The Council of Ministers , which holds effective executive power in the Italian government . The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour , who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy . Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia , an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties. During the monarchy period , prime ministers were appointed by
52-699: The Italian Republic , the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy . Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy. The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament : the Chamber of Deputies and
65-480: The Senate . From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers. The current officeholder is Giorgia Meloni , who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office. The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943 ; the longest-serving prime minister of
78-536: The king of Italy , as laid down in the Albertine Statute . From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State". From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total. After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of
91-533: The king, he founded the movement in Marseille . It would then spread out to other nations across Europe. The movement's goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire . Mazzini's belief was that a popular uprising would create a unified Italy. The slogan that defined the movement's aim
104-835: The members who were plotting a revolt in Savoy and Piedmont were arrested and executed by the Sardinian police. In Austria, having links with the movement was seen as treason. The crime was punishable by death. After another failed Mazzinian revolt in Piedmont and Savoy of the February 1834, the movement disappeared for some time, reappearing in 1838 in England . Further insurrections in Sicily, Abruzzi, Tuscany, Lombardy-Venetia, Romagna (1841 and 1845), and Bologna (1843) failed. Also short-lived
117-739: Was "Union, Strength, and Liberty". The phrase could be found in the tricolor Italian flag, which represented the country's unity. The Giovine Italia was founded in France, in July 1831 when Mazzini was in exile. Its members adopted nicknames taken from figures of the Italian Middle Ages. Every member of the brotherhood had to recite an Oath, where they would pledge to make Italy a united, free, independent, republican nation, and where every man would be considered equal. The movement garnered about 60,000 members around 1833. In that same year, many of
130-613: Was basically evicted after a last failed revolt against Austria in Milan in 1853, crushing hopes of a democratic Italy in favor of the Piedmontese monarchy. It achieved national unification in 1860 under the leadership of Count Cavour . The most famous member of Young Italy was Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882). He joined the movement around 1833, after meeting Mazzini through social and political reforms back in Geneva. Additionally, he
143-463: Was elected consul for the first of three years in a row. Civil wars would follow with the first breaking out in 238, another in 249 followed by a third in 253. From 235 through 284 the average reign of a Roman Emperor was just 18 months, down from average just over 9 years during the first centuries of the Empire. List of prime ministers of Italy The prime minister of Italy is the head of
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#1732765691177156-479: Was part of a failed revolt led by Mazzini in Piedmont. As a consequence, he was sentenced to death. After learning his fate, Garibaldi fled to Marseille. Later on, similar nationalist movements for youth appeared in Europe's colonies in various Asian and African countries from the mid 19th century to the period of decolonization in the late 20th century. Timeline of Italian history Timeline This
169-794: Was the Roman Republic of 1848–49, which was crushed by a French Army called in to help by Pope Pius IX . That Pope was initially hailed by Mazzini as the most likely paladin of a liberal unification of Italy, but he turned into the leader of the reactionaries. Similar movements were set up around Europe by Mazzini himself. La Giovine Italia became affiliated with the movement Giovine Europa (created in 1835), an internationally oriented association, together with similar movements such as Junges Deutschland , Młoda Polska , Young Turks and Giovine Svizzera . It also inspired Mlada Bosna , early-20th-century Serbian revolutionary movement in occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina . Mazzini's movement
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