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41-463: Belgrave Square is a large 19th-century garden square in London. It is the centrepiece of Belgravia , and its architecture resembles the original scheme of property contractor Thomas Cubitt who engaged George Basevi for all of the terraces for the 2nd Earl Grosvenor , later the 1st Marquess of Westminster, in the 1820s. Most of the houses were occupied by 1840. The square takes its name from one of

82-809: A public private partnership between the Department of Parks and Recreation and the Fitler Square Improvement Association. In Boston tens of squares exist, some having a mainly residential use. The Kingstowne development in Fairfax County, Virginia , near Washington, DC , contains several townhouse complexes built around garden squares. In Africa, garden squares are rare. Many squares and parks in Africa were constructed during colonial rule, along with European-styled architecture. A well-known square like this in Africa

123-540: Is Greenmarket Square , in the center of Cape Town , which previously hosted more townhouses at its edges but has been mostly paved over. Garden Squares generally do not occur throughout Asia. Parks usually occupy the need for urban green spaces, while historic and modern gardens exist as attractions, not central communal spaces. George Bridgeman, 4th Earl of Bradford George Cecil Orlando Bridgeman, 4th Earl of Bradford JP DL (3 February 1845 – 2 January 1915), styled Viscount Newport from 1865 to 1898,

164-503: Is 2 hectares (4.9 acres) in size and contains mature plane , chestnut and lime trees, and various shrubs. Its gravel walks were laid in 1854, with privet hedges planted around its perimeter. Wooden pergolas and shelters stand within, and it features a tennis court. The garden is listed Grade II on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens . Sculptures in the gardens include Statue of Christopher Columbus , Statue of Prince Henry

205-411: Is designed for the amenity of surrounding residents, it is subtly distinguished from a town square designed to be a public gathering place: due to its inherent private history, it may have a pattern of dedicated footpaths and tends to have considerably more plants than hard surfaces or large monuments. At their conception in the early 17th century, each such garden was a private communal amenity for

246-486: Is famous for them; they are described as one of the glories of the capital. Many were built or rebuilt during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, at the height of Georgian architecture , and are surrounded by townhouses . Large projects, such as the Bedford Estate , included garden squares in their development. The Notting Hill and Bloomsbury neighbourhoods both have many garden squares, with

287-562: Is surrounded by four terraces, three of eleven houses and the fourth (south-east) of twelve. These houses are all white stucco except for the cream-coloured projecting corner houses. In addition there are detached mansion houses in three of the corners, and a private central garden. Numbering is anticlockwise from the north: NW terrace, No.s1 to 11; west corner mansion, No.12; SW terrace, No.s13 to 23; south corner mansion, No.24; SE terrace. No.s25 to 36; east corner mansion, No.37; NE terrace No.s38 to 48. The slightly later north corner mansion No.49

328-466: The Duke of Westminster 's subsidiary titles, Viscount Belgrave. The village and former manor house of Belgrave, Cheshire , were among the rural landholdings associated with the main home and gardens of the senior branch of the family, Eaton Hall . Today, many embassies occupy buildings on all four sides. The square is perfectly 650 feet (200 m) across, inclusive of small porch projections. The square

369-622: The Embassy of Turkey since 1954. In the early part of the 20th century, it was the London home of the Earls of Harewood . 45 Belgrave Square was the home of Caroline Beresford, Duchess of Montrose (1818–1894), who used the pseudonym "Mr Manton", also of Sefton Lodge, Newmarket, a notable racehorse owner, a "wildly extravagant woman" who "strode across the racing scene". It is now the Malaysian High Commission. It featured in

410-810: The Place de la République . The enclosed garden terraces ( French: jardins terrasses ) and courtyards ( French: cours ) of some French former palaces have resulted in redevelopments into spaces equivalent to garden squares. The same former single-owner scenario applies to at least one garden square in London ( Coleridge Square ). Grandiose instances of garden-use town squares are a part of many French cities, others opt for solid material town squares. The Square de Meeûs and Square Orban are notable examples in Brussels. Dublin has several Georgian examples, including Merrion Square , Fitzwilliam Square , Mountjoy Square , St Stephens Green and Parnell Square . Perhaps

451-554: The 1954 film The Million Pound Note , as the spot where the actor Gregory Peck lost the note in the wind. 48 Belgrave Square serves as the residence of the Mexican ambassador . 49 Belgrave Square , also known as Herbert House , was the home of Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea , and then Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond . It is currently the residence of the Argentine ambassador. The private communal garden

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492-597: The 19th century, with notable exceptions below. Rittenhouse Square in the Center City, Philadelphia encases a public garden, one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. It was first named Southwest Square. Nearby Fitler Square is a similar garden square named for late 19th century Philadelphia mayor Edwin Henry Fitler shortly after his death in 1896. The Square, cared for through

533-573: The 20th century, the house was purchased by the British soldier and politician Ernest George Pretyman and his wife, Lady Beatrice, daughter of George Bridgeman, 4th Earl of Bradford . In 1935, after Pretyman's death, it was sold to Grace, Lady Dance . On 12 May 1953, it was reopened by the Duke of Gloucester as the base of the Hispanic and Luso-Brazilian Council, which remained until it moved to 14-15 Belgrave Square in 2013. Since 2021, it has become

574-639: The Colonies, until he died there in 1846; Chips Channon from 1935 to 1958; and later housed the Institute of Directors , followed by the British Plastics Federation . 10 Belgrave Square was the London home of William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire . 11 Belgrave Square serves as the Embassy of Portugal . 12 Belgrave Square was the home of Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 1st Earl of Ancaster . 13 Belgrave Square

615-527: The Earl was also forced to house his famed "Bridgewater Collection of Pictures" here, using bedrooms, dining rooms, hallways, etc. The collection reopened to the public once it moved back to Bridgewater House in 1851. 19–20 Belgrave Square houses the Bruneian High Commission. Previously, No. 20 was the London home of the 9th Baron Barnard . 21–23 Belgrave Square has been the Embassy of

656-603: The Embassy since 2006, and is also headquarters of the Romanian Cultural Institute in London. 2 Belgrave Square was first leased ( c. 1829) to James Goding , whose Lion Brewery on the south bank of the River Thames was denoted by the iconic South Bank Lion and Twickenham Stadium Lion . Later residents included James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn , Edward Balfour and Nathaniel Clayton. In

697-627: The Federal Republic of Germany since 1955. The buildings were leased for 99 years in 1953, and converted into a combined property. 24 Belgrave Square is now the Embassy of Spain . In the early part of the 20th century, it was known as Downshire House and was the London residence of Lord and Lady Pirrie . Lord Pirrie was the chairman of Harland & Wolff , a leading shipbuilding firm located in Belfast , Ireland. One evening in July 1907,

738-527: The Navigator and the 1st Marquess of Westminster , a bust of George Basevi , and a sculpture entitled Homage to Leonardo by Italian sculptor Enzo Plazzotta . From its construction until the Second World War the square saw building rentals and longer leases by the upper echelons of capitalists seeking further influence, status or socialising in the capital. Such success was immediate. This

779-441: The Navigator , Statue of Simón Bolívar , Statue of José de San Martín , Homage to Leonardo , and a bust of George Basevi . The square is primarily a centre for embassies and institutions. 51°29′57″N 0°09′12″W  /  51.4992°N 0.1534°W  / 51.4992; -0.1534 Garden square The archetypal garden square is surrounded by tall terraced houses and other types of townhouse . Because it

820-599: The Pirries hosted J. Bruce Ismay and his wife Florence for dinner. Ismay was the managing director of White Star Line , one of the main shipping lines of the North Atlantic. Harland and Wolff constructed all of White Star's vessels, with their main rival being Cunard Line . Cunard's newest vessel, the Lusitania , the largest ship in the world, was just two months before entering service. Pirrie and Ismay discussed

861-604: The Second World War the square was used as a tank park; most of the houses were afterwards converted into offices for charities and institutes. The 21st century has seen more domestic leases granted, such as three by the Grosvenor Estate in 2004. The buildings on the square are listed . In this highest category are: 1 Belgrave Square was the official residence of the ambassadors of Romania from 1936 to 2005. The building has continued to host events for

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902-754: The Speedway Control Board. 32 Belgrave Square was an overseas residence of Heidi Horten . 33 Belgrave Square was home to the banker Maurice Ruffer , and later to the Spiritualist Association of Great Britain . 34 Belgrave Square served as the embassy of the German Democratic Republic until German reunification in 1990. It currently houses the British-German Association . 36 Belgrave Square , known as Ingestre House ,

943-477: The college relocated in October 2013, and was home to two MPs, Sir Ralph Howard and Pandeli Ralli . Leontine, Lady Sassoon was in residence from 1929 to 1952. She is said to have held parties for soldiers during the Second World War, while part of the property was used as a Red Cross supply depot. No.17 was taken over by the Institute of Metals in 1956; the college arrived in 1974. 18 Belgrave Square has been

984-472: The former mostly still restricted to residents, and the latter open to all. Other UK cities prominent in the Georgian era such as Edinburgh , Bath , Bristol and Leeds have several garden squares. Householders with access to a private garden square are commonly required to pay a maintenance levy. Normally the charge is set annually by a garden committee. Sometimes private garden squares are opened to

1025-682: The home of the Austrian Embassy since 1866. It is the only building of those used by the Austro-Hungarian Empire 's Foreign Service that is still used today by diplomats of the Republic of Austria . Between 1846 and 1851, it was inhabited by Sir Francis Egerton (born Leveson-Gower), the 1st Earl of Ellesmere , and his family. Owing to the rebuilding of Cleveland House in St. James's, which would be renamed Bridgewater House ,

1066-603: The most famous garden square in the United States is Gramercy Park in southern Midtown Manhattan . Famously, it has remained private and gated throughout its existence; possession of a key to the park is a jealously guarded privilege that only certain local residents enjoy. The tradition of fee simple land ownership in American cities has made collective amenities such as garden squares comparatively rare. Very few sub-dividers and developers included them in plats during

1107-521: The new seat of Newport, Shropshire was created out of that seat for the 1885 general election , he stood as the Conservative candidate for it but lost by a majority of 361 votes against the winning Liberal, Robert Bickersteth . He was Deputy Lieutenant of Warwickshire and Shropshire , as well as Justice of Peace for Staffordshire , Warwickshire and Shropshire . He died in London , and

1148-427: The new ships during the dinner, and how to respond to their competition. Their discussions led to the original propositions behind the construction of the newest and the then largest class of ocean liner in the world. The names of these new ocean liners would be RMS  Olympic , RMS  Titanic and HMHS  Britannic . 25 Belgrave Square has been the Embassy of Norway since 1949. 28 Belgrave Square

1189-616: The outset, is the Square René Viviani . Gardens substantially cover a few of the famous Places in the capital; instead, the majority are paved and replete with profoundly hard materials such as Place de la Concorde . Inspired by ecological interests and a 21st-century focus on pollution mitigation, an increasing number of the Places in Paris today many have a focal tree or surrounding raised flower beds/and or rows of trees such as

1230-538: The public, such as during Open Garden Squares Weekend. Privately owned squares which survived the decades after the French Revolution and 19th century Haussmann's renovation of Paris include the Place des Vosges and Square des Épinettes in Paris. The Place des Vosges was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the central reasons that Le Marais district became so fashionable for French nobility. It

1271-525: The public. Those in central urban locations, such as Leicester Square in London's West End, have become indistinguishable from town squares. Others, while publicly accessible, are largely used by local residents and retain the character of garden squares or small communal parks. Many private squares, even in busy locations, remain private, such as Portman Square in Marylebone in London, despite its proximity to London's busiest shopping districts. London

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1312-571: The residence to Lalit Modi the former chairman of the Indian Premier League. 3 Belgrave Square was the London home of the Duke of Kent ; in 1935, it was the birthplace of the current Duke , and in the following year that of Princess Alexandra . 4 Belgrave Square was the home of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Ogle . 5 Belgrave Square was the home of Sir George Murray , Secretary of State for War and

1353-467: The residents of the overlooking houses akin to a garden courtyard within a palace or community. Such community courtyards date back to at least Ur in 2000 BC where two-storey houses were built of fired brick around an open square. Kitchen , working, and public spaces were located on the ground floor, with private rooms located upstairs. In the 20th century, many garden squares that were previously accessible only to defined residents became accessible to

1394-554: Was a British soldier, Conservative politician and peer . The elder son of the 3rd Earl of Bradford and the Hon . Selina Louisa Forester , Bridgeman was educated at Harrow School , and served in the 1st Life Guards and the Shropshire Yeomanry , reaching the rank of Captain . He succeeded his father in his titles on 9 March 1898. Bridgeman was Member of Parliament (MP) for North Shropshire from 1867 to 1885. When

1435-552: Was buried in Weston Park , Staffordshire, on 6 January 1915. On 7 September 1869, the then-Viscount Newport, married his second cousin once-removed, Lady Ida Lumley (28 November 1848 – 22 August 1936), daughter of Richard Lumley, 9th Earl of Scarbrough (7 May 1813 – 5 December 1884), and Frederica Mary Adeliza Drummond (16 December 1826 – 2 April 1907) in Maltby , Yorkshire . They had seven children: The Countess of Bradford

1476-423: Was drawn up by Cubitt (not to be confused with his son George, another architect, ennobled as Lord Ashcombe) for Sidney Herbert in 1851. The terraces were designed by George Basevi . The largest corner mansion, No.37 ( Seaford House ), was designed by Philip Hardwick . No.12 was designed by Robert Smirke . The square features statues of Christopher Columbus , Simón Bolívar , José de San Martín , Prince Henry

1517-463: Was encapsulated by the decision of another of London's leading freeholders and estate planners, the Duke of Bedford , to choose No.6 as London accommodation rather than any house on his own Bloomsbury estate, which had lost its aristocratic cachet. The square has included embassies since its first century, including the German Embassy , which occupies three houses on the west side. During

1558-481: Was inaugurated in 1612 with a grand carrousel to celebrate the engagement of Louis XIII to Anne of Austria and is a prototype of the residential squares of European cities that were to come. What was new about the Place Royale as it was known in 1612 was that the house fronts were all built to the same design, probably by Baptiste du Cerceau . In town squares, similarly green but publicly accessible from

1599-564: Was leased by Queen Victoria as a home for her mother, the widowed Duchess of Kent . 37 Belgrave Square , now known as Seaford House , was built in 1842 by Philip Hardwick for the Earl of Sefton . In 1902, the house was remodelled for Lord Howard de Walden (who was also Baron Seaford). It is now the home of the Royal College of Defence Studies . 38 Belgrave Square was the home of Bruce Wasserstein . 43 Belgrave Square has been

1640-584: Was the home of Robert Carew, 3rd Baron Carew , who died there on 29 April 1923. It is now the home of the Embassy of the Republic of Serbia . 29 Belgrave Square is where Sir Winston Churchill received his first cabinet appointment in 1906, from the Prime Minister at that time, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman . 31 Belgrave Square was the home of the Royal Automobile Club Motor Sports Association and

1681-580: Was the home of William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp . It was also used by the St John Ambulance Brigade as a base during the First World War . 16 Belgrave Square was the home for many years of geographer and geologist Sir Roderick Impey Murchison and his wife, geologist Charlotte Murchison ; it was later home to Charles Henry Crompton-Roberts . 17 Belgrave Square was the base of the Royal College of Psychiatrists until

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