Boynton and Oakwood Heights are the two southernmost neighborhoods of the city of Detroit in the U.S. state of Michigan . The two neighborhoods occupy the only portions of Detroit located south of the River Rouge .
91-548: Benjamin Solomon Carson Sr. (born September 18, 1951) is an American retired neurosurgeon , academic, author, and politician who served as the 17th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2017 to 2021. A pioneer in the field of neurosurgery, he was a candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 Republican primaries . Carson is one of the most prominent black conservatives in
182-457: A Republican , changed his registration to independent in the 1990s after watching Republicans impeach President Clinton for perjury regarding an extramarital affair with Monica Lewinsky . "I just saw so much hypocrisy in both parties", he said. In February 2013, Carson said he was not a member of any political party. In his book America the Beautiful (2013), he wrote: "I believe it is
273-541: A "prolific speaker" who has addressed many groups. In a 2004 speech, he credited the company's products with the disappearance of his prostate cancer symptoms. The nature of this relationship became an issue in 2015 during Carson's presidential campaign. Carson's relationship with Mannatech continued after the company paid $ 7 million in 2009 to settle a deceptive-marketing lawsuit in Texas over claims that its products could cure autism and cancer. His most recent paid speech for
364-484: A 1997 operation on craniopagus Zambian twins Joseph and Luka Banda , which resulted in a normal neurological outcome. Two sets of twins died, including Iranian twins Ladan and Laleh Bijani . Another separation resulted in the death of one twin and the survival of the other, who is legally blind and struggles to walk. According to The Washington Post , the Binder surgery "launched the stardom" of Carson, who "walked out of
455-538: A Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Yale "with a fairly respectable grade point average although far from the top of the class". Carson does not say in his books whether he received a college student deferment during the Vietnam War . He does say that his older brother, then a student at the University of Michigan, received a low number (26) in the first draft lottery in 1969 and was able to enlist in
546-470: A biology lab after a race riot broke out at his high school in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. The Wall Street Journal confirmed the riot but could not find anyone who remembered Carson sheltering white students. Carson's SAT college admission test scores ranked him somewhere in the 90th percentile. He wanted to attend college farther away than his brother who
637-459: A child growing up in an impoverished, single-parent household to reach international prominence as a pediatric neurosurgeon" as "a key part of his presidential campaign". The Wall Street Journal said the narrative came under "the harsh scrutiny of presidential politics, where rivals and media hunt for embellishments and omissions that can hobble a campaign". CNN characterized the core narrative as "acts of violence as an angry young man", followed by
728-633: A contributor to The Washington Times and Fox News, and between $ 2 million and $ 10 million as a member of the boards of Kellogg Co. and Costco Wholesale Corp. He resigned from Costco's board in mid-2015, after serving on it for more than 16 years. Carson was chairman of the Baltimore-based biotechnology company Vaccinogen from August 2014 until the announcement of his US presidential bid in May 2015. Carson had previously served on Vaccinogen's Medical Advisory Board. Carson, who had been registered as
819-476: A couple speeches for them. I did speeches for other people—they were paid speeches. It is absolutely absurd to say I had any kind of relation with them. Do I take the product? Yes. I think it is a good product." PolitiFact rated Carson's denial of any involvement as "false", pointing to his paid speeches for Mannatech and his appearances in promotional videos in which he favorably reviewed its products, despite not being "an official spokesman or sales associate". When
910-535: A friend who had changed the radio station. Fortunately, the blade broke in his friend's belt buckle. Carson said the intended victim, whose identity he wants to protect, was a classmate, a friend, or a close relative. After this incident, Carson said he began reading the Book of Proverbs and applying verses on anger. As a result, he states he "never had another problem with temper". In his various books and at campaign events, he repeated these stories and said he once attacked
1001-598: A large house in the Indian Village neighborhood. Carson's father, a Baptist minister, worked in a Cadillac automobile plant. His older brother, Curtis, was born in 1949, when his mother was 20. In 1950, Carson's parents purchased a new 733-square-foot single-family detached home on Deacon Street in the Boynton neighborhood of southwest Detroit, where Carson was born on September 18, 1951. Carson's Detroit Public Schools education began in 1956 with kindergarten at
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#17327795979861092-536: A little different approach." Later, he said the advertisement was done without his knowledge, that "it was done by people who have no concept of the black community and what they were doing", and that he was "horrified" by it. The New York Times reported in 2015, "Carson has acknowledged being something of a novice on foreign affairs." Regarding the Ukrainian crisis , Carson would send arms to Ukraine to aid it in its fight against pro-Russian rebels. He also believes
1183-544: A malfunctioning flare from the facility released "horrific, stomach churning odors" that forced some residents to stay indoors. In response to the growing criticism, Jamal T. Kheiry, communications manager for Marathon, wrote, "Over the past 20 years, we have reduced our emissions more than 75 percent, and the refinery comprises only three percent of the emissions in this heavily industrialized area of Southwest Detroit." The refinery has received permission for an expansion of its facilities and has sought to buy out properties in
1274-455: A reduced academic load and take longer to finish. He continued with a regular academic load, and his grades improved to average in his first year of medical school. By his second year of medical school, Carson began to excel academically by seldom attending lectures and instead studying textbooks and lecture notes from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. Carson graduated from the University of Michigan Medical School with an M.D. degree in 1977, and he
1365-455: A referendum on a bill to codify the Roe v. Wade decision, in which he said he opposed abortion and would refer patients seeking the procedure to other doctors. He later condemned the advertisement and asked for it to be taken down, saying that he had not known that he was making a political advertisement and did not support making abortion illegal. In March 2013, Carson announced he would retire as
1456-546: A scholarship to West Point . It is likely he means he was offered an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Cadets receive a free education and room and board in exchange for a commitment to serve in the military for at least five years after graduation. Carson also said the University of Michigan had offered him a scholarship. His staff later said the described scenario
1547-440: A schoolmate with a combination lock . Nine friends, classmates, and neighbors who grew up with him told CNN in 2015 they did not remember the anger or violence he has described. In response, Carson posted on Facebook a 1997 Parade magazine issue, in which his mother verified the stabbing incident. He then questioned the extent of the effort CNN had exerted in the investigation. Carson has said that he protected white students in
1638-399: A speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast that was perceived as critical of the policies of President Barack Obama . Following widespread speculation of a presidential run, Carson officially announced his campaign for the 2016 Republican nomination for President in May 2015. Carson performed strongly in early polls, leading to him being considered a frontrunner for the nomination during
1729-497: A spiritual epiphany that transformed Carson into the "composed figure" he now portrays. Media challenges to a number of Carson's statements included allegations of discrepancies between documented facts and certain assertions in his autobiography Gifted Hands —allegations dismissed by Carson as a media "witch hunt". In November 2015, the Detroit Free Press republished an article from 1988 "to try to bring some clarity to
1820-439: A subscription to Psychology Today for his 13th birthday. By grade 9, the family's financial situation had improved. His mother surprised neighbors by paying cash to buy a new Chrysler car, and the only government assistance they still relied on was food stamps . Carson attended the predominantly black Southwestern High School for grades nine through twelve, graduating third in his class academically. In high school, he played
1911-405: A suburb of Perth , Western Australia. Upon returning to Johns Hopkins in 1984, Carson was appointed the university's director of pediatric neurosurgery. As a surgeon, he specialized in traumatic brain injuries, brain and spinal cord tumors, achondroplasia , neurological and congenital disorders, craniosynostosis , epilepsy , and trigeminal neuralgia . While at Johns Hopkins, Carson figured in
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#17327795979862002-598: A surgeon, saying he would "much rather quit when I'm at the top of my game". His retirement became official on July 1, 2013. In 2021, Carson joined Galectin Therapeutics to assist with development of the company's galectin-3 inhibitor, belapectin, as a treatment for NASH cirrhosis and in combination with immunotherapy for the treatment of cancers. Carson has written many articles in peer-reviewed journals and six bestselling books published by Zondervan , an international Christian media and publishing company. The first book
2093-528: A very good idea for physicians, scientists, engineers, and others trained to make decisions based on facts and empirical data to get involved in the political arena." Carson was the keynote speaker at the National Prayer Breakfast on February 7, 2013. The speech garnered Carson considerable attention because the event is normally apolitical in nature, and the speech was critical of the philosophy and policies of President Barack Obama , who
2184-466: A year of school" by attending the small Seventh-day Adventist parochial school in Boston, but they both improved when their mother limited their time watching television and required them to read and write book reports on two library books per week. Carson attended the predominantly white Higgins Elementary School for fifth and sixth grades and the predominantly white Wilson Junior High School for seventh and
2275-531: Is an open and intelligent conversation." Carson's sudden popularity among conservatives led to him being invited to the 2013 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) as a speaker. He tied for seventh place in the Washington Times /CPAC 2013 Straw Poll with 4% of the 3,000 ballots cast. In the 2014 CPAC straw poll, he was in third place with 9% of the vote, behind senators Ted Cruz of Texas (with 11%) and Rand Paul of Kentucky (31%). In
2366-554: Is not opposed to a Palestinian state , but he questioned why it needs "to be within the confines of Israeli territory ... Is that necessary, or can you sort of slip that area down into Egypt?" On March 2, following the Super Tuesday 2016 primaries, Carson announced that he did "not see a political path forward" and would not attend the next Republican debate in Detroit. He said, "[T]his grassroots movement on behalf of 'We
2457-906: Is the Marathon Petroleum Company LP refinery located at 301 South Fort Street in Oakwood Heights. The facility was originally built in 1930 by the Aurora Gasoline Company. Today, the expanded facility is the only petroleum refinery in Michigan, and it has a capacity of 140,000 barrels per day and around 540 employees. The refinery received the Energy Star Award in 2007 and 2008 from the Environmental Protection Agency for reducing energy usage and protecting
2548-829: Is the Campbell Branch at 8733 West Vernor Highway just north in the Springwells neighborhood. Also, the Lincoln Park Public Library is about one mile south of Boynton at 1381 Southfield Road in Lincoln Park . Southwest Detroit contains heavy industrial development, and this has reportedly raised health concerns for some residents living in Boynton and Oakwood Heights. In February 2019, the Detroit Metro Times reported that
2639-582: Is the only public school located within the Boynton–Oakwood Heights neighborhoods. The school was originally known as the Frances G. Boynton School. It was built in 1926. The school served 220 students for the 2017–18 school year—down 23 students (9.5%) from the previous school year. Of the 220 students, there were 199 (90.5%) African Americans, 17 (7.7%) Hispanics, and four (1.8%) Caucasians. The only other school located within these neighborhoods
2730-419: Is the smaller of the two neighborhoods and borders Melvindale to the south and the city of Dearborn to the northwest. The two neighborhoods are connected to the rest of the city of Detroit by two bridges across Interstate 75 and Fort Street (formerly known as U.S. Route 25 ) connecting to the neighborhood of Carbon Works, which lead to the neighborhoods of Springwells and Delray . Dix Avenue also crosses
2821-530: The Detroit Free Press in June 2010, they reported, "For the past six months, a rain of mysterious sparkly dust of unknown origin has landed on their homes and gardens. Odd odors and clouds of dark particles float overhead." This dust pollution has been shown to contain high levels of harmful metals, such as lead, that can be harmful to the health of long-term residents. Even the soil may be unsuitable for growing gardens. The Detroit Free Press stated that
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2912-659: The Baltic states , current NATO members, should "get involved in NATO". In a November 2015 Republican debate, Carson declared his intentions to make ISIS "look like losers" as he would "destroy their caliphate". Carson also advocated capturing a "big energy field" outside of Anbar , Iraq , which he said could be accomplished "fairly easily". Regarding the Middle East, he also claimed that "the Chinese are there". Carson said he
3003-551: The Dorchester and Roxbury neighborhoods of Boston . In Boston, Carson's mother attempted suicide, had several psychiatric hospitalizations for depression, and for the first time began working outside the home, as a domestic worker , while Carson and his brother attended a two-classroom school at the Berea Seventh-day Adventist church where two teachers taught eight grades, and the vast majority of time
3094-1208: The National Register of Historic Places : the Fort Street–Pleasant Street and Norfolk & Western Railroad Viaduct , which was constructed in 1928. The 2,800-foot-long (850 m) bridge carries six lanes of Fort Street over Pleasant Street and four Norfolk Southern Railway lines before crossing the River Rouge. Being part of Detroit, residents of Boynton and Oakwood Heights are automatically zoned to Detroit Public Schools Community District . Students are currently zoned to Mark Twain School for Scholars for elementary and middle school through eighth grade. High school students are zoned to Western International High School . High school students were previously zoned to Southwestern High School until that school closed in 2012. Located at 12800 Visger Street, Mark Twain School for Scholars (sometimes referred to as Mark Twain Elementary–Middle School)
3185-405: The U.S. Census Bureau at the 2010 census , the two neighborhoods had a total area of 2.80 square miles (7.25 km ) and a population of 8,832. The population decreased 21.9% from 10,516 at the 2000 census . The majority of residents reside in the larger Boynton neighborhood, as entire blocks of Oakwood Heights have been cleared out to make room for potential industrial expansion. Located in
3276-444: The euphonium in band and participated in forensics (public speaking), chess club, and the U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) program where he reached its highest rank—cadet colonel. Carson served as a laboratory assistant in the high school's biology, chemistry, and physics school laboratories beginning in grades 10, 11, and 12, respectively, and worked as a biology laboratory assistant at Wayne State University
3367-553: The 2009 biographical television film Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story , wherein he was portrayed by Cuba Gooding Jr. Carson's parents were Robert Solomon Carson Jr. (1914–1992), a World War II U.S. Army veteran, and Sonya Carson (née Copeland, 1928–2017). Both from large families in rural Georgia , Carson's parents met and married while living in rural Tennessee, when his mother was 13 and his father 28. After Robert's completion of military service, they moved from Chattanooga, Tennessee , to Detroit, Michigan , where they lived in
3458-426: The 48217 ZIP Code—occupied solely by Boynton and Oakwood Heights—is "Michigan's most polluted [ZIP Code], according to analysis by environmental scientists from the University of Michigan ." Halting the growing industries could discourage job growth, and the state continues to issue permits for heavy industries. Industries comply with both state and federal regulations. However, the number of industries proximate to
3549-413: The Beautiful (2012), Carson said: "The Vietnam War was, in retrospect, not a noble conflict. It brought shame to our nation because of both the outcome and the cause." In the summers following his high school graduation until his second year in medical school, Carson worked at a variety of jobs: as a clerk in the payroll office of Ford Motor Company , supervisor of a six-person crew picking up trash along
3640-478: The CNBC moderator commented that Carson was on Mannatech's website, Carson replied that he had not given his permission. Earlier, he had said he was unaware of the company's legal history. On November 3, 2015, Mannatech said on its website that for compliance with federal campaign finance regulations , the company had removed all references to Carson before he announced his bid for the presidency. In July 2013, Carson
3731-661: The Draft Carson Committee had raised $ 13 million by the end of 2014, shortly after Carson performed well in a CNN /ORC poll of potential candidates in December 2014, coming second in two different versions. He polled 10% to Mitt Romney 's 20%, but in the same poll with Romney removed from the list, Carson polled 11% to Jeb Bush 's 14%. The Wall Street Journal mentioned that the Draft Carson Committee had chairmen in all of Iowa 's 99 counties , and that Carson had recently led two separate Public Policy polls for
Ben Carson - Misplaced Pages Continue
3822-536: The Fisher School and continued through first, second, and the first half of third grade, during which time he was an average student. When Carson was five years old, his mother learned that his father had a prior family and had not divorced his first wife. In 1959, when he was eight, his parents separated and he moved with his mother and brother to live for two years with his mother's Seventh-day Adventist older sister and brother-in-law in multi-family dwellings in
3913-750: The House in the event that the incumbent Speaker, John Boehner , had to step down because of intraparty disunion. Carson declined, citing preparations for his 2016 presidential campaign . Ultimately, Boehner resigned in October 2015, and Paul Ryan was elected as the new Speaker. In financial disclosure forms, Carson and his wife reported income of between $ 8.9 million and $ 27 million from January 2014 to May 3, 2015, when he announced his presidential campaign. Over that period, Carson received over $ 4 million from 141 paid speeches, between $ 1.1 million and $ 6 million in book royalties , between $ 200,000 and $ 2 million as
4004-474: The Navy for four years instead of being drafted, whereas he received a high number (333) in the second draft lottery in 1970. Carson said he would have readily accepted his responsibility to fight had he been drafted, but he "identified strongly with the anti-war protesters and the revolutionaries" and enthusiastically voted for anti-war Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern in 1972. In his book, America
4095-413: The Oakwood Heights community. It remains unclear if Marathon would actually expand into the area or if they are just buying out nearby properties to create a larger buffer from the remaining communities in order to avoid further complaints. The neighborhood of Oakwood Heights once contained about 500 homes, but large areas and entire blocks have been bought out and demolished. Many local residents welcomed
4186-520: The People' will continue", indicating that he would give more details later in the week. He suspended his campaign on March 4 and announced he would be the new national chairman of My Faith Votes, a group that encourages Christians to exercise their civic duty to vote. In total, Ben Carson's campaign spent $ 58 million. However, most of the money went to political consultants and fundraising rather than advertising. Carson questioned whether his campaign
4277-574: The Performing Arts in his home town of Detroit, he officially announced his run for the Republican nomination in the 2016 U.S. presidential election . The announcement speech was preceded by a choir singing " Lose Yourself " with Carson sitting in the audience. After the song, Carson took the stage and announced his candidacy alongside a speech on his rags to riches life story, at one point stating: "I remember when our favorite drug dealer
4368-594: The United States . Carson became the director of pediatric neurosurgery at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in 1984 at age 33, then the youngest chief of pediatric neurosurgery in the United States. In 1987, he gained significant fame after leading a team of surgeons in the first-known separation of conjoined twins joined at the back of the head. Although the surgery was a success, the twins continued to experience neurological and medical complications. His additional accomplishments include performing
4459-452: The back of the head ( craniopagus twins ). The separation surgery held promise in part because the twin boys had separate brains. The Johns Hopkins Children's Center surgical team rehearsed the surgery for weeks, practicing on two dolls secured together by Velcro . Although there were few follow-up stories following the Binder twins' return to Germany seven months after the operation, both twins were reportedly "far from normal" two years after
4550-597: The best chance of winning the general election. On the other hand, at the press conference Carson said Trump had a "cerebral" side. Neurosurgery Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 191416068 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:39:58 GMT Boynton%E2%80%93Oakwood Heights (Detroit) According to
4641-447: The buyout as a means to leave the area. Marathon offered 350 homeowners buyout packages totaling nearly $ 60,000 per home in the Oakwood Heights community, even though some homes were valued at much less. A similar offer was requested but not granted to the Boynton community, which has few major industries itself and is mostly separated from the facility by Interstate 75 and Fort Street. Not all residents have accepted Marathon's offer, as
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#17327795979864732-559: The census officially accounted for only 8,832. The majority of the population lives in Boynton. The median income for a household in these neighborhoods was $ 26,316, and the median income for a family was $ 28,789. About 27.3% of the population was below the poverty line . Interstate 75 , known locally as the Fisher Freeway, runs north–south through the Boynton and Oakwood Heights neighborhoods and has two exits: Outer Drive (#42) and Schaefer Highway (#43). Outer Drive represents
4823-484: The city of Detroit. It is the only area of the Detroit city limits that fall south of the River Rouge . Boynton is the southernmost neighborhood, stretching as far south as Outer Drive on the border with the city of Lincoln Park . The city of Melvindale is to the west, and the cities of Ecorse and River Rouge lie to the east. Interstate 75 (I-75) bisects the two neighborhoods north–south. Oakwood Heights
4914-549: The claims currently being brought into question". In November 2015, Carson's campaign aired a 60-second TV advertisement in which excerpts from Carson's stump speech were intercut with a rap by an artist named Aspiring Mogul. They spent $ 150,000 on the ads, which were aired in Atlanta, Detroit and Miami. Carson defended the ad, saying "Well, there are people in the campaign who felt that was a good way to do things ... I support them in doing that, but I probably would have taken
5005-529: The class number was not correct, said: "You know, when you write a book with a co-writer and you say that there was a class, a lot of [the] time they'll put a number or something just to give it more meat. You know, obviously, decades later, I'm not going to remember the course number." Carson entered the University of Michigan Medical School in 1973, and at first he struggled academically, doing so poorly on his first set of comprehensive exams that his faculty adviser recommended he drop out of medical school or take
5096-701: The company was in 2013, for which he was paid $ 42,000. His image appeared on the corporation's website in 2014, and in the same year, he praised their "glyconutrient" supplements in a PBS special that was subsequently featured on the site. Carson delivered the keynote address at a Mannatech distributor convention in 2011, during which he said the company had donated funds to help him obtain a coveted endowed-chair post at Johns Hopkins Medicine : "three years ago I had an endowed chair bestowed upon me and uh, it requires $ 2.5 million to do an endowed chair, and I'm proud to say that part of that $ 2.5 million came from Mannatech." In October 2015, Carson's campaign team said that "there
5187-516: The diversity of businesses that we are bringing on. We are seeing everything from doctors' offices and folks in the healthcare profession to motorcycle repair shops and bed and breakfasts." In October, it was noted that Carson's "improbable" political career had surged in polls and fundraising, while he continued to participate in nationally televised Republican debates . The campaign brought considerable attention to Carson's past. CBS News described Carson's narrative of "overcoming impossible odds as
5278-454: The environment through energy efficiency. The refinery has added green space around its facility, although it is still viewed negatively by the surrounding communities. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality has issued 13 violations to the facility since 2013 and at least three fines, especially after a massive cloud of burned petroleum coke blanketed the area and blew into neighboring Windsor on July 27, 2013. In February 2019,
5369-492: The experiment. Doubts were raised about this story in 2015 during Carson's presidential campaign. The Wall Street Journal attempted to verify Carson's account, reporting that Yale undergraduate courses were identified with only two digits in the early 1970s, that Yale had offered no course called "Perceptions 301" at the time, and that Carson's photo had never appeared in the Yale Daily News . Carson, while acknowledging
5460-563: The fall of 2015. He withdrew from the race after Super Tuesday , following a string of disappointing primary results, and endorsed Donald Trump . Following his victory, President Trump nominated Carson as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, being confirmed by the United States Senate in a 58–41 vote on March 2, 2017. Carson has received numerous honors for his neurosurgery work, including over 60 honorary doctorate degrees and numerous national merit citations. In 2001, he
5551-431: The first half of eighth grade. In 1965, at the age of 13, he moved with his mother and brother back to their house on Deacon Street. He attended the predominantly black Hunter Junior High School for the second half of eighth grade. At the age of eight, Carson dreamt of becoming a missionary doctor, but five years later he aspired to the lucrative lifestyles of psychiatrists portrayed on television, and his brother bought him
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#17327795979865642-571: The first successful neurosurgical procedure on a fetus inside the womb, developing new methods to treat brain-stem tumors, and revitalizing hemispherectomy techniques for controlling seizures . He has written over 100 neurosurgical publications. He retired from medicine in 2013; at the time, he was professor of neurosurgery, oncology , plastic surgery , and pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine . Carson gained national fame among political conservatives after delivering
5733-408: The heavily industrialized southwestern area of Detroit, the two neighborhoods occupy the entirety of the 48217 ZIP Code . Boynton and Oakwood Heights are densely populated yet highly polluted by major industrial development. The neighborhoods are consistently ranked as the most polluted ZIP Code in Michigan. Boynton and Oakwood Heights occupy the southernmost 2.80 square miles (7.25 km ) of
5824-435: The highway under a federal jobs program for inner-city students, a clerk in the mailroom of Young & Rubicam Advertising , assembling fender parts and inspecting back window louvers on the assembly line at Chrysler , a crane operator at Sennett Steel, and finally a radiology technician taking X-rays. At Yale, Carson had a part-time job on campus as a student police aide. In his autobiography, Carson said he had been offered
5915-443: The middle of the neighborhoods, passes under Interstate 75, and crosses the River Rouge leading into Downtown Detroit . Several Norfolk Southern Railway lines runs through the Oakwood Heights section. The Detroit Department of Transportation operates three bus routes through Boynton and Oakwood Heights. Route #41 travels along Schaefer Highway from the city of River Rouge at Jefferson Avenue , through parts of Dearborn, and to
6006-520: The neighborhoods has a cumulative effect. Heavy traffic and railroads have also increased air pollution, as do numerous other large industries outside of the neighborhoods. Among these industries, the Detroit Wastewater Treatment Plant on the other side of the river and the U.S. Steel facility on Zug Island in the city of River Rouge further add to the poor air quality in the area. The largest of these industries
6097-498: The northern limits of Detroit at 8 Mile Road at the city of Oak Park . Route #19 travels from Outer Drive along Fort Street to Downtown Detroit. Route #89 is a part-time route that runs along Bassett Street from Outer Drive along the border with the city of River Rouge, turns on Schaefer Highway, enters the Fisher Freeway, crosses the river, and meanders into the New Center district. Oakwood Heights has one property listed on
6188-700: The operating room that day into a spotlight that has never dimmed", beginning with a press conference that was covered worldwide and created name recognition leading to publishing deals and a motivational speaking career. On the condition the film would have its premiere in Baltimore , Carson agreed to a cameo appearance as "head surgeon" in the 2003 Farrelly brothers comedy Stuck on You , starring Matt Damon and Greg Kinnear as conjoined twins who, unhappy after their surgical separation, continue life attached to each other by Velcro. In September 1992, Carson appeared in an advertisement opposing Maryland Question 6 ,
6279-475: The original examination, but that he alone finished the test. On doing so, Carson said he was congratulated by the course instructor, who told him the retest was a hoax intended to find "the most honest student in the class". Carson said the professor awarded him $ 10 and that a photographer for the Yale Daily News was present to take his picture, which appeared in the student newspaper with a story about
6370-492: The presidential straw poll at the 2013 Values Voter Summit , he and Rick Santorum polled 13%, with winner Ted Cruz polling 42%, and in 2014 he polled 20% to Cruz's winning 25%. On November 4, 2014, the day of the 2014 midterms , he rejoined the Republican Party, saying it was "truly a pragmatic move" because he was considering running for president in 2016 . In January 2015, The Weekly Standard reported that
6461-524: The procedure, with one in a vegetative state . Neither twin was ever able to talk or care for himself, and both eventually became institutionalized wards of the state . Patrick Binder died sometime between the late 2000s and early 2010s, according to his uncle, who was located by The Washington Post in 2015. The Binder surgery served as a model for similar twin separations, with its procedure being refined in subsequent decades. Carson participated in four subsequent high-risk conjoined-twin separations, including
6552-419: The racial makeup of the two neighborhoods was 10.38% White, 74.80% African American, 0.67% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.01% from other races, and 2.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.94% of the population. 2009 estimates were off significantly from official counts later recorded at the 2010 census. While there was estimated to be 12,129 residents in 2009,
6643-545: The remaining 7,000 residents in the neighborhoods have a higher rate of asthma and cancer than most of the country. While at least 14 states regulate and prohibit how close industries can build to schools and residential zones, Michigan does not have such regulations. Long ago, the city zoned its southwest area for heavy industrial use despite preexisting residential communities. Air pollution in Boynton and Oakwood Heights has reportedly led to respiratory diseases and cancer cases in long-term residents. In an article published by
6734-429: The revival of the hemispherectomy , a drastic surgical procedure in which part or all of one hemisphere of the brain is removed to control severe pediatric epilepsy . Encouraged by John M. Freeman , he refined the procedure in the 1980s and performed it many times. In 1987, Carson was the lead neurosurgeon of a 70-member surgical team that separated conjoined twins Patrick and Benjamin Binder , who had been joined at
6825-424: The river to connect Oakwood Heights to Dearborn. Oakwood Heights also connects to Fordson Island in the River Rouge via Riverside Drive. Fordson Island is part of the city of Dearborn and has no public access or residents. Despite the heavy industrialization, several parks exist within the area. Kemeny Park, located along Fort Street in between I-75, is the largest recreation facility. The park opened in 1957 and
6916-434: The southernmost border of the Boynton neighborhood and the southernmost city limit of Detroit with Lincoln Park . The Schaefer Highway (also referred to as Coolidge Highway at various points along its route) runs northwest through the neighborhoods, beginning just east in the city of River Rouge and running north all the way to the city of Rochester Hills . Fort Street (formerly U.S. Route 25 ) runs north–south through
7007-482: The state of Pennsylvania . On May 2, 2015, Carson proclaimed that in two days he was going to make a major announcement on his decision on whether to enter the presidential race. In an interview with Cincinnati station WKRC-TV on May 3, 2015, Carson accidentally confirmed his candidacy for president. The interview was also broadcast live on WPEC . The next day, May 4, 2015, at the Music Hall Center for
7098-461: The summer between grades 11 and 12. In his book Gifted Hands , Carson relates that as a youth, he had a violent temper. "As a teenager, I would go after people with rocks, and bricks, and baseball bats, and hammers", Carson told NBC's Meet the Press in October 2015. He said he once tried to hit his mother on the head with a hammer over a clothing dispute, while in the ninth grade he tried to stab
7189-523: Was an autobiography published in 1992. Two others are about his personal philosophies of success and what he sees as the stabilizing influence of religion. According to CNN , Carson had an "extensive relationship" from 2004 to 2014 with Mannatech , a multi-level marketing company that produces dietary supplements made from substances such as aloe vera extract and larch-tree bark. Carson gave four paid speeches at company events. He has denied being paid by Mannatech to do anything else, saying he has been
7280-443: Was at the University of Michigan . Carson says he narrowed his college choices to Harvard or Yale but could only afford the $ 10 application fee to apply for only one of them. He said he decided to apply to Yale after seeing a team from Yale defeat a team from Harvard on the G.E. College Bowl television show. Carson was accepted by Yale and offered a full scholarship covering tuition, room and board. In 1973, Carson graduated with
7371-474: Was economically sabotaged from within. On March 11, 2016, a week after Carson ended his presidential campaign, he endorsed Trump, calling him part of "the voice of the people to be heard". Carson's subsequent comments that Americans would have to sustain Trump for only four years if he was not a good president drew criticism, and he admitted that he would have preferred another candidate, though he thought Trump had
7462-756: Was elected to the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society. Carson was then accepted by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine neurosurgery program, where he served one year as a surgical intern and five years as a neurosurgery resident , completing the final year as chief resident in 1983. He then spent one year (1983–1984) as a Senior Registrar in neurosurgery at the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Nedlands ,
7553-500: Was hired by The Washington Times as a weekly opinion columnist. In October 2013, Fox News hired Carson as a contributor to provide analysis and commentary across Fox News Channel's daytime and primetime programming, a relationship that lasted until the end of 2014. In 2014, some House Republicans (who later formed the House Freedom Caucus ) approached Carson about the possibility of his standing for Speaker of
7644-633: Was killed." In October 2015, the Super PAC supporting Carson, The 2016 Committee (formerly the Draft Carson Committee), announced it had received donations in mostly $ 100 increments from more than 200 small businesses around the country over the course of one week. Fox Business reported that "Carson's outsider status is growing his small business support base." Ben Walters, a fundraiser for The 2016 Committee, expressed optimism about Carson's small business support base: "It's unbelievable
7735-561: Was named after local resident Charles Kemeny, who died in combat in World War II. The park closed in 2015 but was reopened in 2018 after a $ 9.5 million renovation—$ 2 million of which was donated by the nearby Marathon Petroleum Corporation . According to data from the 2010 census , the areas of Boynton–Oakwood Heights had 8,832 residents and 3,126 occupied households for an average density of 3,154.3/sq mi (1,217.9/km ). There were 716 vacant units. According to 2009 estimates,
7826-593: Was named by CNN and Time magazine as one of the nation's 20 foremost physicians and scientists and was selected by the Library of Congress as one of 89 "Living Legends" on its 200th anniversary. In 2008, Carson was bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2010, he was elected into the National Academy of Medicine . He was the subject of
7917-526: Was no contribution from Mannatech to Johns Hopkins" and that his statement had been "a legitimate mistake on his part. Confusion. He had been doing some fundraising for the hospital and some other chairs about that time, and he simply got things mixed up." During the CNBC GOP debate on October 28, 2015, Carson was asked about his relationship with Mannatech. He replied, "That's easy to answer. I didn't have any involvement with Mannatech. Total propaganda. I did
8008-420: Was similar to that of West Point, as he never actually applied for entry to the University of Michigan. In his autobiography, Gifted Hands , Carson recounted that exams for a Yale psychology course he took his junior year, "Perceptions 301", were inexplicably burned, forcing students to retake the exam. Carson said other students walked out in protest when they discovered the retest was significantly harder than
8099-438: Was sitting 10 feet away. About the speech, Carson said: "I don't think it was particularly political ... You know, I'm a physician." Regarding the policies of President Obama, he said: "There are a number of policies that I don't believe lead to the growth of our nation and don't lead to the elevation of our nation. I don't want to sit here and say all of his policies are bad. What I would like to see more often in this nation
8190-535: Was spent singing songs and playing games. In 1961, at the age of 10, Carson moved with his mother and brother back to southwest Detroit, where they lived in a multi-family dwelling in a primarily white neighborhood, Springwells Village , while renting out their house on Deacon Street, which his mother had received in her divorce settlement. When they returned to Detroit public schools, Carson and his brother's academic performance initially lagged far behind their new classmates, having, according to Carson, "essentially lost
8281-505: Was the Pierre Toussaint Academy, which was a charter school located at 2450 South Beatrice Street in Boynton. Managed by The Leona Group , the academy opened for the 1998–99 school year and enrolled around 400 students at one time before closing due to academic viability at the end of the 2011–12 school year on June 30, 2012. While the two neighborhoods contain no public libraries, the nearest Detroit Public Library
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